Gravity is measured and used by Lantmäteriet to calculate a model of the geoid to get accurate reference heights for positioning. Lantmäteriet are continuously measuring new gravity and height data across Sweden to both complement, replace and to add new data points. This is mainly done by measurements in the field at benchmark points. One of the major reasons for continued measurements on e.g. benchmark points is that the measuring always moves forward which makes the measurements more accurate. More accurate data leads to a more accurate calculation of the geoid due to the more accurate gravity values. A more accurate geoid gives the possibility of more precise positioning across Sweden, due to the more precise height values. Lantmäteriet is in the process of updating their entire database of gravity data. They are also measuring at locations where there are none or sparse with measurements. As a stage in the renewing of their database and other systems the Geodesy department wishes to get an introduction to the ArcGIS environment. By customizations of several ArcGIS functions, Lantmäteriet’s work with the extensive data will get easier and perhaps faster. Customized tools will help make e. g. adding and removing data points easier, as well as making cross validation and several other functions only a click of a button away.

This dissertation explores the application of the techniques of mathematical finance to the achievement of investment targets and financial stability. It contains three self-contained but broadly related essays. Sharpe et al. proposed the idea of having an expected utility maximizer choose a probability distribution for future wealth as an input to her investment problem rather than a utility function. They developed the Distribution Builder as one way to elicit such a distribution. In a single-period model, they then showed how this desired distribution for terminal wealth can be used to infer the investor's risk preferences. In the first essay, we adapt their idea, namely that a desired distribution for future wealth is an alternative input attribute for investment decisions, to continuous time. In a variety of scenarios, we show how the investor's desired distribution, combined with her initial wealth and market-related input, can be used to determine the feasibility of her distribution, her implied risk preferences, and her optimal policies throughout her investment horizon. We then provide several examples. In the second essay, we consider an investor who must a priori liquidate a large position in a primary risky asset whose price is influenced by the investor's liquidation strategy. Liquidation must be complete by a terminal time T, and the investor can hedge the market risk involved with liquidation over time by investing in a liquid proxy asset that is correlated with the primary asset. We show that the optimal strategies for an investor with constant absolute risk aversion are deterministic and we find them explicitly using calculus of variations. We then analyze the strategies and determine the investor's indifference price. In the third essay, we use contingent claims analysis to study several aggregate distance-to-default measures of the S&P Financial Select Sector Index during the years leading up to and including the recent financial crisis of 2007-2009. We uncover mathematical errors in the literature concerning one of these measures, portfolio distance-to-default, and propose an alternative measure that we show has similar conceptual and in-sample econometric properties. We then compare the performance of the aggregate distance-to-default measures to other common risk indicators. / text

Civic issues in a society can be reported through a crowdsourcing web application. People can download the application on their smartphones and report the issues such as a pothole or broken streetlight. The report is submitted by taking a photo of the issue and additional information is entered. At first, the reports are submitted to a call center and after analyzing they will be transferred to organizations responsible for this type of events. In such a crowdsourcing project it is very vital to motivate people to participate in the project. The reports are supplied by users and without an acceptable number of users the application would be useless. In addition, having the exact location of a report is very helpful to facilitate the process of solving civic issues. Positioning with smartphones is not very accurate as they do not have strong and accurate GPSs. Therefore, there is a need to improve the accuracy of the positioning process and consequently accuracy of the spatial data. The aim of this thesis is to investigate how to employ GIS to help reporting civic issues and how to design an interesting client interface for such an application, in order to motivate user to download and use it. The goal is also to find out shortcomings and weaknesses of the positioning with smartphones and find a way to improve its accuracy.Some of successful similar applications’ structures and their interfaces were reviewed. In addition, a survey among existing users of crowdsourcing applications has been done in order to find out how to design the application to be interesting for users. Furthermore, some techniques and methods were chosen in order to improve the GPS accuracy especially in the places with a low GPS signal strength. These methods exploit WLAN and some of embedded features in a smartphone such as microphone, camera, accelerometer, gyroscope to improve the positioning accuracy. In the end, along reporting civic issues the user is able to report and get information about cheap and appropriate necessities and public events in different geographical areas through a map-based application. Furthermore, he or she is benefited by some location-based services such as online-food or taxi. The client application’s interface was designed for iPhone.This GIS-based mobile application would be an appropriate alternative for the old reporting methods like phone call or mail. Nevertheless, reporting civic issues itself, cannot be necessarily a strong motivation to attract the user to download and use the application. Therefore, desired feedbacks of the crowd need to be found out in order to encourage them to spend their time for the application. User needs to get motivated to use the application and considered additional parts can be very helpful to reach this aim.

Every day Internet sites collect and store lots of user data. For effective usage of that data, special tools are required. Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) tools are suggested for that purpose. Usage of these tools is related to usage of Data Warehousing tools. Therefore issues of Data Warehouse design, data transformation and transferring to data warehouses were discussed. In the present years there are new trends in business computer systems industry – WEB Data Warehouses. New characteristics of such systems were analyzed. OLAP tools usage is not possible without multidimensional data model. Main entities and operations with these entities were reviewed and mathematical definitions given. Data transformation process was proposed. This process flow shows how transformations can be used for transferring data from WEB site to multidimensional database. OLAP tools of Microsoft SQL server and Oracle database server (the most popular database management systems in Lithuania) were analyzed in experimental part of work. Data transformation and reviewing in desktop applications, WEB systems and office applications tools were compared and recommendations given.

Reservoir Simulation is a very powerful tool used in the Oil and Gas industry to perform and provide various functions including but not limited to predicting reservoir performance, conduct sensitivity analysis to quantify uncertainty, production optimization and overall reservoir management. Compared to explored reservoirs in the past, current day reservoirs are more complex in extent and structure. As a result, reservoir simulators and algorithms used to represent dynamic systems of flow in porous media have invariably got just as complex. In order to provide the best solutions for analyzing reservoir performance, there is a need to continuously develop reservoir simulators and reservoir simulation algorithms that best represent the performance of the reservoir without compromising efficiency and accuracy. There exists several commercial reservoir simulation packages in the market that have been proven to be extremely resourceful with functionality that covers a wide range of interests in reservoir simulation yet there is the constant need to provide better and more efficient methods and algorithms to study and manage our reservoirs. This thesis aims at bridging the gap in the framework for developing these algorithms. To this end, this project has both an educational and research component. Educational because it leads to a strong understanding of the topic of reservoir simulation for students which can be daunting especially for those who require a more direct experience to fully comprehend the subject matter. It is research focused because it will serve as the foundation for developing a framework for integrating custom built external simulators and algorithms with the workflow of the model builder of our reservoir simulation package of choice i.e. Petrel with the Ocean programming environment in a seamless manner for simulating large scale multi-physics problems of flow in highly heterogeneous flow of porous media. Of particular interest are the areas of model order reduction and production optimization. In-house algorithms are being developed for these areas of interest and with the completion of this project. We hope to have developed a framework whereby we can take our algorithms specifically developed for areas of interest and add them to the workflow of the Petrel Model Builder. Currently, we have taken one of our in-house simulators i.e. a two dimensional, oil-water five-spot water flood pattern as a starting point and have been able to integrate it successfully into the “Define Simulation Case” process of Petrel as an additional choice for simulation by an end user. In the future, we will expand this simulator with updates to improve its performance, efficiency and extend its capabilities to incorporate areas of research interest.

Målet med detta projekt har varit att migrera och förnya webbplatsen visitfjallen.se. Sidan innehåller ett brett register av olika företag inom områden som upplevelser, boende och restauranger i Sveriges fjällkedjor. Den tidigare webbplatsen var omodern och byggd på ett kostsamt system som saknade flexibilitet. I detta arbete har webbplatsen flyttats till det flexiblare och mer lättskötta systemet WordPress. Sidan har också moderniserats ordentligt och fått en hel del förbättringar och nya funktioner. I stället för en par enkla textrader med information har varje företag nu fått en egen profilsida med plats för stora mängder av information. Bland de helt nya funktionerna finns exempelvis egna kontaktformulär och möjligheten för besökare att lämna recensioner för bolagen. Företagen har också fått en integrering av sociala medier med egna knappar för Facebook och Twitter. Flera företag som finns listade på Tripadvisor har även fått detta integrerat på sin sida. Inloggade besökare kan nu spara sina favoritföretag genom att markera dem som sin favorit. Eller lämna en recension för bolag de har åsikter om. De flesta av de nya funktionerna har erhållits med hjälp av tillägget Geodirectory till WordPress, vilket är ett utmärkt och heltäckande verktyg som specialiserat sig på webbplatser med omfattande företagsregister. En betydande del av arbetet bestod av att flytta den stora mängden bolag med tillhörande information till den nya webbplatsen. Registret var möjligt att överföra via en kalkylfil, men informationen i den den exporterade filen var rörig och innehöll 900 rader med data som behövde sorteras och struktureras upp rad för rad. För att dela upp arbetet gjordes därför filen i episoder om ungefär 200 bolag åt gången. En stor del av webbplatsen har byggts upp med hjälp av sidbyggar-verktyget Beaver Builder. Verktyget har varit användbart och påskyndade processen med att konstruera det stora antalet sidor som var nödvändigt för att bygga upp den nya Visitfjällen.se. Den färdiga webbplatsen uppfyllde de flesta av beställarens önskemål och det nya utseendet för visitfjällen blev i slutändan mycket uppskattat.

The aim of this study is to disseminate a novel path planner which is particularly used for offline robots to build more efficient collision-free trajectories in terms of the length in more skilled fashion. Robotic path planning as one of the most important problems has been under investigation by a variety of researchers within the last few decades. Path planner refers to a unit which is responsible to perform a series of operations on the robots’ environment with the sole purpose of building proper trajectories from a start point to the goal configuration. A robot’s planner generally consists of some or all of the following units: analyzing the workspace, mapping the workspace into an alternative methodology such as a graph, optimizing the constructed map, and calculating and refining the desired trajectory. Various path planners have been proposed based on the different robots’ functionalities as well as the environmental specifications. A path planner basically uses a methodology inspiring a scientific theory or event to build optimal paths. This research tends to propose a novel path planner which is able to be successfully applied on a variety of workspaces with different constraints. Moreover, the presented planner successfully builds the shortest collision-free trajectories from an initial to the goal configurations. In addition, compared to the other majority of path planners, the illustrated path planner uses less environmental global information to build optimal paths. This leads the planner unit to allocate less of system resources such as memory, hence, increasing the performance of the planner in terms of preserving more system resources.

NMD 100 is a notes and media dispensing machine, manufactured by De La Rue Ltd, located in Flen, Sweden. The customers, mainly bank offices, have expressed a need for a more comprehensive description of errors occurring from time to time in their machines. In order to acquire a BSc-degree in Computer and Electronics Technology at the University of Linköping I have carried out a diploma work, regarding new computer programs to fulfil the customers’ wishes. The machine NMD 100 is connected to its PC through handshaking. From the PC, the personnel can give orders regarding desired actions to the NMD 100. In turn, the NMD will respond to the PC. Inside the NMD, the Note Stacker is equipped with a great number of sensors. They control that the bundle of notes, delivered to the ATM customer is correct, regarding the number of notes and denomination. Notes that in any way are not immaculate will be sent to the Reject Vault. If internal errors or warnings occur in the NMD, a code consisting of 8 digits is sent to the PC. The location of the error or warning is defined by the last 4 digits. The scope of my work is to define and present this information. For this purpose the company uses the program language C++ and the tool Borland C++ Builder 6. In particular, the program NMDW-Test is used to send commands from the PC to the NMD. After having studied the above programs, I was able to write new programmes for error detection, interface and installation. After program testing, the company accepted the result of my work.

The dissertation considers contemporary theory with regards to unprogrammed space and the impact of such space on the urban environment. The intrinsic relationship between programmed and unprogrammed space is defined, resulting in a formal translation in terms of an architectural intervention. Lost space is the evidence of inept urban planning and this study attempts to reintegrate an entire city block into the urban fabric of the city. The exploration of a new programme into the area, takes the form of a sports and education facility in an urban park. The final proposal creates a place of relief in the city, with Pretoria's inherent vernacular used as a generator of form. The design unifies a disparate community by using sport as a bridge builder and providing a canvas for urban exchange. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Architecture / unrestricted

Even the best readers encounter words not instantaneously recognised. Consequently, competence in using effective and efficient word identification strategies is essential for fluent reading. We focus on an important word identification competency: application of knowledge of onsets and rimes for identifying words not known instantaneously. The authors propose that direct instruction in applying knowledge of onsets and rimes, as part of a balanced contextualised literacy program, can play a key role in fostering substantial growth in reading achievement.