<p>Even if one is confident that the staff provide the bestpossible treatment, being admitted into hospital is still astressful situation. In recent decades, architecturalresearchers have elaborated on aspects of the patient'sperspective where the design of the physical environment maypositively enhance the healing experience. The emergingunderstanding reveals that this is not an issue to be solvedsimply by decorative design, for it entails the spatialinterpretation and integration of broader and deeper facets ofhuman response, within which suffering, empathy andprofessional care are embraced.</p><p>This thesis elucidates the patients' use of space accordingto their cultural perceptions in two inpatient wards in aregional hospital in northwestern Namibia. The study appliescase study methodology with the focus on the interactionbetween patients, visitors and nursing staff in relation to thephysical environment.</p><p>The theoretical basis within medical anthropologyconceptualises sickness as a cultural event in the dual notionillness and disease, signifying two ways of understandingsickness, the individual and the professional interpretations.The Foucauldian theory on discipline and space suggests thatthe biomedical discipline is spatially represented by themodern hospital, from which aspects of illness areexcluded.</p><p>The results show that circumstances in the physicalenvironment highly influence the patients' illness experienceby possessing certain qualities or by the activities renderedpossible by spatial conditions. The two wards possess manymodern qualities adding to an enclosed and restrictingenvironment. Patients come from a culturally dynamic andchanging context where new approaches to healthcare andhospital physical space are generated. Whereas patients haveintegrated hospital-based biomedicine as a medical alternative,modern hospital space cannot accommodate certain patient needs.Patients, visitors and nursing staff negotiate space in orderto overcome spatial weaknesses. Family members' overnightaccommodation in the hospital, as well as their voluntarycontribution to patient care, are two important aspects whichare not spatially incorporated.</p><p>An alternative ward design is suggested in which patients'and family members' active participation in the healing processis encouraged, with support from the nursing staff. The higherflexibility the design offers caters for the spatialintegration of future hybrid processes.</p>

This thesis investigates the emergence of a new specialisation within the profession of architecture, namely that of the architectural technologist. The main original contributions from the research concern a deep understanding of how that emergence has been realised, and a study of the implications for buildings in the longer term. Using the UK and Denmark as examples it finds that this profession has existed for a long time, but until recently without formal recognition. It also finds that the consequences of the lack of attention are potentially major, and it suggests why recognition came so late. By researching literature the history of the building and architecture industries was investigated and it is shown how the architects were cooperating with well-trained craftsmen for many centuries. This is compared with the kind of cooperation with architectural technologists going on today, and what will most likely occur in the future. Questionnaires, to provide data about current architectural and architectural technologist education, were sent to groups of newly graduated professionals. After statistical treatment the resulting quantitative data were thoroughly analysed by discussing the possible interpretations. Focus groups of highly qualified professionals also interpreted the data and insights into the needs of industry in both the UK and Denmark were provided. Finally, the thesis concludes by identifying necessary means of improvement, and points at the serious risk of a further division of the construction industry into more consulting companies. This increases the risk of future architecture failing to properly integrate technology and design.

The technological and innovational developments in steel and glass industries has enabled designers to create completely transparent fa&ccedil / ades. Building fa&ccedil / ade articulations designed to attain maximum transparency, have thus been executed with the contribution of elegant steel supporting systems, having heavy load bearing capacities, by minimizing the dimensions of structural systems. The aim of this study was to define, analyze and evaluate the accumulated knowledge on structural glass wall systems in general, with particular emphasis on those that may be denoted as &amp / #8218 / spider&amp / #8482 / glass fitting elements for potential applications, to formulate a design guide for professional designers. Hence, the primary elements of the system / the support structure, glass, glass connection joints and the other secondary elements have been evaluated within the architectural context. In the second part of the study, glass connection fitting elements were examined. Additionally the products developed by the manufacturing firms and commonly used in various projects were evaluated. Thereafter, whole document, data, photos of the spider fittings were combined in a spider fitting selection table, prepared and created by the author, which describes the types of spider fittings in detail. Finally, technical adequacy, experience, level of organization and workmanship within the context of Turkey, to evaluate the level of knowledge, were studied. In this regard, the glass wall facade the Akman Condomunium Business Center-Medicorium building, constructed with local materials and local manufacturing companies, was examined and compared with the Boeing Headquarters building in USA, which was constructed with a similair glass wall facade system.

The task of &lsquo / earthquake resistant design&rsquo / of buildings is generally considered as the province of engineering profession. Although there exists considerable number of publications related to seismic design (documentations, articles, theses, books, and earthquake codes), most of them are addressed to structural engineers rather than architects. However, earthquake affects whole building and all professionals involved in construction process should have their own roles and responsibilities for earthquake resistance. This thesis is about the roles and responsibilities of architects for being one of the professionals related to building construction and, particularly, the designers of them. Exposure of the level of awareness of architects related to the importance of their architectural designs having significant effects on seismic performance of buildings, and the level of general knowledge of them related to architecture-based seismic design issues is aimed. In this thesis, firstly, terminology related to &lsquo / earthquake&rsquo / phenomena is concisely introduced. Then, the present state of attitudes (interest, awareness and consciousness) of architectural community, architects working in the architectural offices of Ankara, towards earthquake and architecture-based seismic design issues is questioned and evaluated with a survey in the form of questionnaires. The evaluation of the results is presented with the help of statistical software called SPSS. Finally, the architecture-based issues in seismic design are re-explored and introduced for the use of architects. Thus, general idea or basic knowledge is formed, which is inferred from the survey as being one of the ways to enhance the incorporation of architecture-based seismic design issues into architectural design process.

School building design that uses as much as possible the principles of bioclimatic architecture can ensure appropriate thermal comfort of users of these spaces, the satisfactory development of school activities and energy efficiency of the built environment. During a building design process it is important to take into account the local climate, in order to achieve occupants comfort. In the context, of school buildings, frequently those constructions are made in disaccord with climate exposure that, consequently, may generate uncomfortable thermal environments that, if not resolved with, artificial climate control strategies, can generate negative overall performance of students and teachers in the teaching and learning process. On the other hand, when using those active indoor control strategies, , it is important to consider the building energy efficiency, natural climate control mechanisms as much as possible supplemented by artificial ones. Thus, the objective of this research is to discuss constructive guidelines for school projects in the city of Maceió-AL for satisfactory thermal performance purposes and consequently, appropriate thermal comfort to their occupants. As methodological procedures, school units in the city were initially chosen and analyzed, observing the constructive materials, surroundings features, siting and location, solar and wind orientation, plan solution, orientation and distribution of openings, in accord with bioclimatic design strategies for hot and humid climate. From these initial analyses, computational simulations were carried out in a design building model based on fixed design parameters (dimensions of classrooms, colors of facades, ceiling height, openings, number of students, architectural program requirements, and materials of the frames) and variables ones (school buildings plan types and the position of classrooms in relation to corridor, orientation of facades, walls and roofing materials). The results showed design alternatives based on the hot and humid climate of Maceió, which may assist future interventions and the design of new architectural projects, particularly school building design, enabling more thermally comfortable indoor environments. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / Projetos escolares que resgatam ao máximo possível os princípios da arquitetura bioclimática podem garantir o adequado conforto térmico dos usuários desses espaços, o satisfatório desenvolvimento das atividades escolares e a eficiência energética do ambiente construído. Ao se projetar uma edificação é importante levar em consideração o clima local, a fim de garantir uma qualidade arquitetônica que responda às necessidades de conforto de seus usuários. Neste contexto, no âmbito das edificações escolares, percebe-se que muitas vezes estas são projetadas em desacordo com o clima da região. Consequentemente podem gerar ambientes termicamente desconfortáveis e que, se não solucionados com o uso da climatização artificial, podem prejudicar o desempenho de alunos e professores no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Por outro lado, ao utilizar climatização artificial, é importante prezar pela eficiência energética, através do uso racional de energia, visando à possibilidade de utilização dos mecanismos naturais o máximo possível, e dos artificiais de forma complementar. Neste contexto, o objetivo dessa pesquisa é estabelecer diretrizes construtivas para projetos de escolas em Maceió-AL com vistas a um melhor desempenho térmico e consequentemente, maior conforto térmico a seus usuários. Como procedimentos metodológicos foram, inicialmente, escolhidas e analisadas unidades escolares na cidade, quanto aos materiais empregados, entorno, implantação no terreno, orientação solar, ventos dominantes, solução em planta, orientação e distribuição das aberturas, com base nas estratégias bioclimáticas recomendadas para o clima quente e úmido, a fim de analisar a influência desses parâmetros nas condições termo higrométricas dessas edificações. A partir dessas análises iniciais, foram realizadas simulações computacionais em um projeto com base em parâmetros fixos (dimensões das salas de aula, cores das fachadas, pé direito, aberturas, número de alunos, programa de necessidades, e materiais das esquadrias) e variáveis (tipologias das edificações escolares quanto ao conjunto de salas de aula em relação ao corredor de circulação, orientação das fachadas, materiais da cobertura e das paredes) estipulados. Os resultados obtidos apontaram alternativas de projetos baseadas no clima quente e úmido de Maceió, que podem auxiliar futuras intervenções e na concepção de novos projetos, em especial instituições escolares, possibilitando ambientes mais confortáveis termicamente.

abstract: Schools all around the country are improving the performance of their buildings by adopting high performance design principles. Higher levels of energy efficiency can pave the way for K-12 Schools to achieve net zero energy (NZE) conditions, a state where the energy generated by on-site renewable sources are sufficient to meet the cumulative annual energy demands of the facility. A key capability for the proliferation of Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) is the need for a design methodology that identifies the optimum mix of energy efficient design features to be incorporated into the building. The design methodology should take into account the interaction effects of various energy efficiency measures as well as their associated costs so that life cycle cost can be minimized for the entire life span of the building. This research aims at developing such a methodology for generating cost effective net zero energy solutions for school buildings. The Department of Energy (DOE) prototype primary school, meant to serve as the starting baseline, was modeled in the building energy simulation software eQUEST and made compliant with the requirement of ASHRAE 90.1-2007. Commonly used efficiency measures, for which credible initial cost and maintenance data were available, were selected as the parametric design set. An initial sensitivity analysis was conducted by using the Morris Method to rank the efficiency measures in terms of their importance and interaction strengths. A sequential search technique was adopted to search the solution space and identify combinations that lie near the Pareto-optimal front; this allowed various minimum cost design solutions to be identified corresponding to different energy savings levels. Based on the results of this study, it was found that the cost optimal combination of measures over the 30 year analysis span resulted in an annual energy cost reduction of 47%, while net zero site energy conditions were achieved by the addition of a 435 kW photovoltaic generation system that covered 73% of the roof area. The simple payback period for the additional technology required to achieve NZE conditions was calculated to be 26.3 years and carried a 37.4% premium over the initial building construction cost. The study identifies future work in how to automate this computationally conservative search technique so that it can provide practical feedback to the building designer during all stages of the design process. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Built Environment 2016

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-01T11:58:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 8532366 bytes, checksum: 59eb87cd7475e5858afdd86d28894ccf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This thesis examines in depth the system set up by the central government in 1933 to control the professional practice of building designers in Brazil the Confea-Crea as well as historical factors that led do its creation, such as the progressive emergence of similar systems in other countries and the evolution of that practice and of the modes of training the designers in question. The Confea-Crea was given competence to supervise equally the professional practice of engineers who were not building designers, as mechanical and electrical engineers, and this gradually made the architects dissatisfied, which brought about their desire to leave the multi-professional Confea-Crea and to create their own regulatory system congregating exclusively architects. The thesis focus on the period of time starting in 1933 and ending in 2007 (the year of the last unsuccessful attempt of the architects to create their own system of professional control), but the historical analysis it presents begins with facts belonging to the Renaissance era. / Esta tese analisa em profundidade o sistema instituído pelo governo federal em 1933 para controlar a prática profissional da arquitetura no Brasil o Confea/Crea bem como fatores históricos que levaram à sua criação, como o progressivo surgimento de sistemas similares em outros países, e a evolução de tal prática e dos modos de treinar os projetistas arquitetônicos. Ao Confea/Crea deu-se competência para fiscalizar também a prática profissional de engenheiros que não eram projetistas arquitetônicos, como os engenheiros mecânicos e elétricos, e com o passar do tempo isto gerou insatisfação entre os arquitetos, o que suscitou neles o desejo de deixar o Confea/Crea multiprofissional e formar seu próprio sistema regulador, congregando apenas os arquitetos. O foco da tese está no período compreendido entre 1933 e 2007 (ano em que ocorreu a última tentativa malograda dos arquitetos de criar seu próprio conselho profissional), mas a análise histórica que ela apresenta inicia-se com fatos pertencentes à era renascentista.

Today there is a wish from building entrepreneurs to be able to have other activities than traditional commercial areas on the street level in the residential housing while keeping the open store front windows facade. Another challenge today in development of cities are partially to maintain a socially sustainable city. A mix of housing,commercial, entertainment, and services make the area become more attractive to both men and women, entrepreneurship and civil society. By mixing the use there is a possibility to reduce segregation and strengthen a city’s capacity to build unity; social development. Live-work units can meet both these demands. The purpose of this master thesis is to illustrate how so called live-work units could be organized in a block in an urban environment. Live-work units are a new phenomenon in Sweden and, therefore, this study partially focuses on describing this type of living and its special requirements. A methodology is proposed for identifying if a location is suitable for live-work units and for what type of units; furthermore, parameters and regulations affecting the usage of live-work units are described and a method for design is proposed.

abstract: The building sector is responsible for consuming the largest proportional share of global material and energy resources. Some observers assert that buildings are the problem and the solution to climate change. It appears that in the United States a coherent national energy policy to encourage rapid building performance improvements is not imminent. In this environment, where many climate and ecological scientists believe we are running out of time to reverse the effects of anthropogenic climate change, a local grass-roots effort to create demonstration net zero-energy buildings (ZEB) appears necessary. This paper documents the process of designing a ZEB in a community with no existing documented ZEB precedent. The project will establish a framework for collecting design, performance, and financial data for use by architects, building scientists, and the community at large. This type of information may prove critical in order to foster a near-term local demand for net zero-energy buildings. / Dissertation/Thesis / Appendix M - Simulation and Weather Data / M.S. Built Environment 2014

Submitted by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br) on 2016-04-14T16:38:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Paola Lazzareschi Nese.pdf: 32173985 bytes, checksum: f38f94c2a9c36601c495158dde245dd8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-14T16:38:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Paola Lazzareschi Nese.pdf: 32173985 bytes, checksum: f38f94c2a9c36601c495158dde245dd8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-06 / This work has as study object fifteen school buildings projects in the public elementary school system, produced by architects Benno Perelmutter and Marciel Peinado for the metropolitan area and the state of São Paulo. Inserted in the line of research design methodology, aims to understand the set of characteristics that make up the projects of buildings and analyze the solutions adopted by architects. To achieve the proposed objectives were carried out bibliographic and documentary research on school architecture, as well as analysis of current conditions of public schools, especially in relation to existing infrastructure and its on demand service capacity. The study project has expanded knowledge on the subject and helped to establish essential criteria for the analysis of complex features of the design process. The development of the project research methodology was based on the process AQUA criteria and assessment procedures applied by Henry Sanoff, with emphasis on the following themes: local, implementation, architectural program and building system. The study showed that the graphics used are important aid tools for reading and discussion of existing spatial conditions. For each of the issues, opportunities for improvement were formulated for the process design as motivation for the adoption of new design practices, in order to promote school architecture. The results should also serve to further research, aimed at the continuous development of public schools in São Paulo. / Esta dissertação tem como objeto de estudo quinze projetos de edifícios escolares da rede pública do ensino fundamental, produzidos pelos arquitetos Benno Perelmutter e Marciel Peinado para a região metropolitana e o interior do Estado de São Paulo. Inserida na linha de pesquisa da metodologia de projeto, tem como objetivo compreender o conjunto de características que compõem os projetos dos edifícios e analisar as soluções adotadas pelos arquitetos. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais sobre a arquitetura escolar, assim como a análise das condições atuais da rede pública de ensino, principalmente com relação à infraestrutura existente e sua capacidade de atendimento à demanda. O estudo dos projetos ampliou o conhecimento no tema e contribuiu para estabelecer critérios essenciais para a análise das características complexas do processo de projeto. O desenvolvimento da metodologia de investigação dos projetos foi baseado nos critérios do Processo AQUA e nos procedimentos de avaliação aplicados por Henry Sanoff, com ênfase nos seguintes temas: local, implantação, programa arquitetônico e sistema construtivo. O estudo mostrou que os recursos gráficos utilizados são importantes ferramentas de auxílio para a leitura e discussão das condições espaciais existentes. Para cada um dos temas, foram formuladas oportunidades de melhoria para o processo de projeto como motivação para a adoção de novas práticas de projeto, com o intuito de promover a arquitetura escolar. Os resultados devem também servir para pesquisas futuras, objetivando o desenvolvimento contínuo das escolas públicas no Estado de São Paulo.