Enköping’s Rugby Club has long lacked a bigger hall to gather their members in, where they can meet and socializes outside trainings and games. Thanks to Enköping’s municipality, The Swedish Inheritance Fund, Swedish Sports Confederation, sponsors and club members the clubhouse will be built out with additional 100 square meters. The project is planned in two phases of which phase one is the buildup of the new clubhouse and phase two is the renovation of the existing part. Phase one started with the first groundbreaking in December 2006 and was finished for the season 2007. After the season 2007 phase two begun and was planned to be finished before the season 2008. The municipality was responsible for the groundwork and bas plate during phase one while AME Bygg AB was responsible for the building from the joist to the roof. Then Enköping’s RugbyClub took over and completed the building from the insulation to the interior design. Club members and sponsors provided their time and knowledge in form of carpenters, electricians, plumber, painters and various hobby-carpenters. To plan and push through this project has not been easy with many different individuals involved. One important part has been to elect one person or group to be responsible for layout and design. They also need to have the confident from the club and its members. Another important part to succeed in this project was the members and sponsors time and knowledge. Without them it would have been hard to succeed and minimize the cost. I and ERK are very proud and happy over our new clubhouse. Welcome to Enköpings Rugby Clubs new clubhouse / Enköpings Rugbyklubb har länge saknat en större klubblokal där deras medlemmar kan träffas och umgås utanför träningar och matcher. Tack vare Enköpings Kommun, Arvsfonden, Riksidrottsförbundet, sponsorer och egna klubbmedlemmar kan Enköpings Rugbyklubb bygga ut klubblokalen med 100 kvm. Projektet planerades i två etapper varav etapp ett är uppbyggnaden av den nya lokalen och etapp två är renoveringen av befintliga lokalen. Första spadtaget i etapp 1 togs i december 2006 och blev klar till säsongen 2007. Efter säsongen 2007 påbörjades etapp 2 som planerades att vara klar till säsongen 2008. I etapp ett ansvarar kommunen för markarbetet och grundplattan medan AME Bygg AB ansvarar för att bygga upp lokalen från syllarna till tak. När detta var klart tog Enköpings Rugbyklubb över ansvaret att färdigställa lokalen från isoleringen till inredningen av både etapp ett och två. Till hjälp har man haft klubbmedlemmar och sponsorer som har ställt upp med sin tid och kunskap i form av snickare, elektriker, kakelläggare, vvs-installatörer, målare och diverse hobbysnickare. Att planera och driva detta projekt har inte varit lätt då många olika individer har varit inblandade. En viktig del är att utse en person eller grupp som ansvarar för helheten och som har förtroende från klubben och deras medlemmar. Denna person måste självklart dela klubbens visioner om hur deras klubblokale ska se ut. En annan viktig del för att projektet ska lyckas är att klubbens medlemmar och sponsorer vill ställa upp med sin tid och kunskap. Utan deras engagemang och vilja blir det svårt att minimera kostnaderna. Jag och ERK är stolta och glada över vår nya klubblokal. Välkommen till Enköpings Rugby Club’s nya klubblokal

This thesis is ordered by Peab Sweden AB Regional Jönköping and concerns of warranty inspections. The intention is to work out a basis, which show the most common complaints is the warranty inspections, and make a small analysis on what causes them to be. The report also presents possible solutions to prevent the occurrence of defects. It also covers the issue of how the client looks at Peabs way to overcome the objections of warranty inspections. The report has the following issues: •What are the most common errors observed during the warranty inspection? •What are the causes of complaints? •What can be done to reduce the number of complaints? •How the customer thinks that the complaints be addressed? Twenty-five Guarantee survey records from the projects Peab has done in recent years has been the starting point for the investigation. In the protocols, we have categorized the remarks and made a compilation of common remarks. Through interviews with inspectors, buyers, site managers and Peab's inspection team the results have been analyzed and interpreted. These survey methods have resulted in various proposals for measures that can reduce the remarks. An example may be to inform professional workers in the building about what the most common remarks are and how to guarantee that these can be prevented. The compilation is categorized according to the most common complaints, construction types, actors and types of buildings.The compilation of inspection protocols showed that the cracks are the most common complaints. The interviews gave confirmation that the survey compilations of protocols were equivalent to reality. The conclusion is that the most common complaints are mainly cracks in the wall corners, roof angles and doors that need to be adjusted. These remarks are mainly due to the tight construction times, sloppy and wet materials that are installed. But there are also many other factors contributing to many of the common faults of warranty inspection that cannot be defined as a single cause. Interviews with clients revealed that they are satisfied with the way Peab remedy defects observed at guarantees, while the survey does not disturb the residents/production.

AbstractChina is rich in coal resources, possessing as much as 13 percent of world’s coal reserves.With a vital role in domestic economic development, coal contributes to 70 percent ofnational energy needs. China’s power industry mainly depends on thermal power plants,where the largest share of coal is consumed.At present in China, generating and transmitting of electricity are completely 2 separatedoperating systems, particular different in monopoly level. For better communication betweenthem and more effective and smooth working procedures, the State Grid Corporation of China(hereinafter referred to as SGCC) was established in 2002, under supervision of NationalDevelopment and Reform Commission, which is in charge of making major policiesconcerning development. SGCC has multiple functions, both as governmental authority andas an individual company.The electricity power market is experiencing a significant systematic reform which has beenongoing for over 10 years. Its main goal is to ''Break monopoly, and introduce competition''.In this reform, there are two big power grid companies and five major electricity generationgroups established in the scheme of organization reform. These power grid companies areresponsible for electricity transmission and the power generation groups are in charge ofelectricity production. One purpose of this thesis is to introduce deregulated market theory inChina’s electricity market. Only when generation, transmission and distribution are openedseparately, can it achieve to reduce electrical energy cost and, as a result, lower electricityprice. In the process of reform, several theory problems are discussed: Competition andmonopoly, bidding for sale, the electric power system's big cycle and minor cycle.Petroleum is regarded as a non-renewable resource and will be used up someday. Meanwhile,oil prices surge gradually, and with human society's full-scale development, new demand aswell as new energy technology are stepping onto the historical stage. These factors are majorreasons that the utilization efficiency for petroleum is lower than for any other energy. Inorder to ease the contradiction between energy supply and demand, we must minimize theshare of un-renewable resources such as fossil fuels, and increase the new and renewableenergy shares in the current energy structure. In one word, the long-term objective is toestablish a sustainable-developing energy system.New energy for electric power industry in China has two aspects: First, utilization of cleancoal technology for electricity generation, and second, the renewable energy resource forelectricity generation mainly consists of hydropower, wind power, biomass electricitygeneration, tidal power, and solar power generation and so on. The industry is still in itsinfancy and there’s still a long way to go. The Chinese government will progressivelyincrease the ratio of consumption of the high-quality, clean and renewable energy in the grossenergy consumption from 7 percent in 2005 to 13 percent in 2020.

I detta arbete kommer ett antal speciellt utformade ingjutningsplåtar som används vid anslutning mellan plattbärlag i Abetongs prefabricerade element att analyseras och beräknas vid normal och tvärkraft utifrån gällande normer i Eurokoden. Från och med den första januari 2011 ersätts Boverkets Konstruktionsregler av Eurokoderna vilket innebär att man i dagsläget saknar värden på dessa ingjutningsplåtar hos Abetong. Så för att kunna använda dessa plåtar i sin tillverkning krävs det att de beräknas efter den nya standarden. Genom att beskriva plåtarna utifrån en interaktionsformel för samtidig normal och tvärkraft kan interaktionsdiagram ritas ut för att sedan snabbt kunna avläsas av konstruktör som då får ut ett värde på maximal tvärkraft utifrån antagen normalkraft eller vice versa. Som hjälpmedel för att genomföra detta kommer ett Excel-program skrivas som kan rita ut graferna för varje ingjutningsplåt. Arbetet har avgränsats till att endast titta på stålets egenskaper vilket innebär att eventuella begränsningar hos betongen eller hos kraftöverföringen mellan betongen och armeringen ej kommer att analyseras. / In this essay a number of specially designed steel fasteners for use in concrete to connect between prefab slabs in Abetongs prefabricated elements are going to be analyzed and calculated for normal and shear force according to the norms of the Eurocode.  As of January 1, 2011 the previous standard in Sweden that was Boverkets Byggregler is being replaces by the international standard that is the Eurocodes. This means in turn that at this moment Abetong has got no data for their fasteners. So to be able to use them once more in there production they need to be calculated according to the new standard. By describing the plates in an interaction formula of simultaneous normal and shear force, interaction diagrams can be plotted to be quickly read by a designer who then gets a value of maximum shear force based on assumption of normal force or vice versa. To be able to accomplish this, a program is written in excel which then can plot the graphs for each steel fastener. The work has been limited to only look at the properties of the steel, which then means that any restrictions of the concrete or in the transmission of force between the concrete and reinforcement will not be analyzed.

I dagsläget finns ingen bearbetad beräkningsmodell för fästplåtar enligt Eurokod. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att utforma en fungerande och lättförståelig beräkningsmodell för dessa fästplåtar. Arbetet har begränsats till fästplåtar med fyra och sex förankringar bestående av varmvalsat stål samt armeringsstänger som förankring. Beräkningsmodellen är uppbyggt med hjälp av studier på gamla beräkningar samt nya aspekter som anses vara relevanta som sedan översatts till Eurokod.  Fästplåten har analyserats utifrån normalkraft, tvärkraft och moment samt samverkan mellan dessa krafter. Varje ingående konstruktionsdels kraftkapacitet har kontrollerats och sedan sammanställts till en totalt tillåten kraft. För att ytterligare underlätta beräkningsmodellen har ett beräkningsprogram i Excel utarbetats. För att slutligen verifiera beräkningsmodellen har verkliga tester utförts. / In the current situation there´s no finished analytical model for fasteners according to Eurocode. The purpose of this paper is to develop a workable and comprehensive analytical model for these fasteners. The paper has been limited to fasteners with four and six anchors consisting of hot rolled steel and steel bars as anchorage. The analytical model is built with support from old calculations and new aspects considered relevant and then translated into Eurocode. The fasteners have been analyzed for normal force, shear force and moment, also the interaction between these forces have been taken into account. The force capacity of each detailed part has been checked and converted into a total force.  To make the analytic model even easier to follow a computational program in Excel  been designed. Real test were made to finally verify the analytical model.

The aim of this final thesis is to make it easier for the customer of a new designed house to get a picture of what the house will look like inside before it has been built. A method, which can be applied by any construction company who likes to visualize there buildings, has been designed and tested. One works after a regular design planning which is transformed into a three dimensional model of the house. In a rendering program, materials and surfaces are chosen for the model and then a picture of the finished product is made. The programs used for this work are ADT 2006 and VIZ Render. To evaluate the use of this method I’ve chosen to cooperate with LB-Hus which is a housing company that is specialized in building detached houses. I applied the method on one of their new houses and together with their salesman we evaluated the result. The pictures fills its aim and makes it easier for the customer. The method is something LB-Hus could think of using in the future.

Skalväggar består vanligtvis av två betongskivor 45-75 mm tjocka med en luftspalt emellan. Skalen i väggen hålls ihop med armeringsstegar. Luftspaltens bredd beror på väggens totala tjocklek och gjuts i på plats. Målet med detta arbete är att undersöka skalväggens egenskaper då luftspalten inte ingjutits med betong. Om skalväggen visar sig ha god hållfasthet och bärförmåga kan den börja användas istället för massivväggar. Beräkningarna för bärförmågan utförs delvis med FEM program (Finita Elementmetod program) och delvis med kompletterande handberäkningar. Beräkningarna för branddimensionering och akustiska egenskaper genomförs enligt förenklade beräkningsmodeller. Resultaten visar att skalväggen kan ta upp en last motsvarande bjälklag- och egenvikt från tio våningar. I verkligheten kommer skalväggar inte att användas som bärande väggar och studien är bara en undersökning om hur stora laster väggen principiellt kan ta upp. Svaga punkter i det sammansatta systemet är armeringsstängerna som förbinder skalen med varandra. Deras bärförmåga är dimensionerande och bärförmågan ökar med större stångdiameter. Skalväggen uppfyller kraven vid brand avseende minsta skivtjocklek och minsta betongtäckskikt. Enligt beräkningarna här har skalväggen bärförmåga vid brand motsvarande 1,5 MN centrisk tryck. Väggen har, i grundutförandet, ett reduktionstal på R = 45 dB enligt beräkningarna. Detta kan räcka till för användning i byggnadsdelar med lägre krav på luftljudisolering. Skalväggen är en ”halvprefabprodukt” som kan vara på väg att bli en ”helprefabprodukt”. Skalväggen har enligt beräkningarna bra möjligheter att ersätta massiva väggar och med eventuella kompletteringar för brand- och ljudisolering kan användningsområdet utökas. / Double walls normally consist of two concrete shells 45-75 mm thick with an air column them between. The shells in the wall are held together with reinforcement’s bars. The air column even breadth depends on the wall's total thickness and is (cast in place) founded in on-the-spot. The objective with this work is to examine double walls direct properties then the air column is without concreting. If the double walls are found to have good resistance it can begin to be used instead of massive walls. The calculations for the resistance are carried out partially with FEM programme (Finite Element method programme) and partially with complementary hand calculations. The calculations for fire dimension ring and acoustic properties are implemented according to simplified calculation methods. The results show that double walls directly can to take up a load corresponding to the weight of ten floors. In the reality double walls will not be used as carrying walls and the study is only a survey about how heavy loads the wall principally can carry. Weak points in the compound system are the reinforcement bars in the estimated load bearing structure. Their resistance creates the base for dimensioning and the design resistance increases with bigger bar diameter. The double walls meet the requirements for fire on minimal thickness and minimal concrete cover layer. According to the calculations the double walls has fire resistance corresponding to 1,5 MN pressures. The wall has, in the basis execution, a reduction number on R=45 dB according to the calculations. This can be enough to use them in building parts with lower requirements for air sound isolation. The double walls are a” half precast component” that is on the way to become a ”completely precast component”. The double walls have according to the calculations good possibilities to replace massive walls and with possible completions for fire - and sound isolation can the usage be increased.

<p>This report will try to evaluate the use of rented concrete casting moulds, which are used to build walls and system of joists. The evaluation is only examining the economical aspects.</p><p>The cost of using concrete casting moulds is a big part of the total production expenses. Therefore it is important that the calculated price not exceeds the final costs of the casting moulds. The calculated price is the price used in the process of making an offer.</p><p>The evaluation consists of a comparison of the calculated price and the final costs for three building projects. It also evaluates the exploitation of the concrete casting moulds for each project.</p><p>The report is made by Sven Gynne and Anders Alexandersson at School of Engineering, Jonkoping University, in cooperation with PEAB Jonkoping. The evaluation is strictly based on the calculated price and final cost of rented concrete casting moulds, only the moulds themselves, not the labour costs.</p><p>Educational visits have been made to the three projects gathering facts. The conclusions we have drawn are that the difference between the calculated price and the final costs are considerable, especially one project have a greater difference than the others. The reasons for that are among other things tight building ground and a complicated building construction.</p>

No description available.

<p>This report deals with prefabricated bathrooms and the advantage, during the production process, they have compared to ordinary produced bathrooms.</p><p>The work is done together with the building company JM. The common task is to investigate if the manufactures, in spite of standardized design can meet the concept of JM, i.e. high flexibility and adjustment towards the customer. In JM they are doubtful to the method, as they did not yet worked with prefabricated modules and think that the choises for the costumer will be limited.</p><p>There will be a short resume of the progress of the bathrooms and its importance as sanitary and wellbeing.</p><p>The recent problems with damage caused by damp in bathrooms. Have resultade in regulations. These rules, will be briefly reported.</p><p>There will also be a short review of some interviews with persons who have experience of prefabricated bathrooms.</p><p>Different manufacturing methods will be reviewed and how different modules will be installed in to the houses.</p><p>Concerning the economy we have accepted the figures of the manufactures.</p><p>Prefabricated building is a method to shorten the production time on the working site. It will be done through manufactoring buildingblocks in factories. The blocks could be simple beams or complete modules. Therer is a great deal of advantages for instance the productions will not be depending of the weather.</p><p>The quality will also be more uniform, since each part is produced independent of earlier parts.</p><p>We have learned about the planning process, construction and installing and we think that not only JM but also other building companies could have a lot to win in this way of building</p><p>The problems we have noticed are:</p><p>• Very accurate planning is required from the contractors</p><p>• The transporting factors restrict the flexibility and the size of the modules</p><p>• The modules take more space than the ordinary way to build</p><p>• The modules required depression in the ground beam layer in the area where it should be placed. This will be calculated for during the constructing period.</p> / <p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Rapporten handlar om prefabricerade badrum och de produktionsmässiga fördelar dessa har jämfört med platsbyggda. Arbetet görs tillsammans med JM i Jönköping. Den gemensamma uppgiften är att undersöka om man kan bygga prefabricerade badrum enligt JM:s koncept, det vill säga flexibelt och med hög grad av kundanpassning. På JM är man tveksam till metoden, då man inte tidigare har arbetat med prefabricerade moduler och man tror att kundens behov av valmöjligheter begränsas.</p><p>I rapporten ger vi en kort resumé över badrummets utveckling och dess betydelse som hygien- och trivselfaktor.</p><p>Den senaste tidens problem med fuktskador har resulterat i ett regelverk med normer för byggande av badrum. Vi redovisar summariskt dessa regler.</p><p>Intervjuer som är utförda med personer, som på olika sätt har erfarenhet av prefabricerade badrum är kortfattat redovisade.</p><p>Vi redovisar också de olika tillverkningsmetoder som finns för olika modultillverkare och hur man på byggarbetsplatsen monterar den färdiga modulen i byggnaden.</p><p>När det gäller de ekonomiska vinsterna med att välja modulbadrum jämfört med konventionellt byggda badrum, har vi godtagit leverantörernas uppgifter.</p><p>Prefabricerat - eller industriellt byggande, är en metod att förkorta produktionstiden på själva arbetsplatsen. Detta sker genom att man tillverkar färdiga byggelement i en fabrik. Ofta har man tagit gamla fabriksbyggnader, där man tidigare hade annan typ av produktion, i anspråk. Elementen kan vara olika utformade allt från enkla balkar till färdiga moduler i form av kök eller badrum. Fördelarna är många, man är till exempel inte beroende av vädret. Man uppnår också en jämnare kvalitet då varje del utformas oberoende av tidigare tillverkad del.</p><p>Vi har lärt oss hur processen går till från planering, konstruktion till färdig montering och vi tror att inte bara JM utan även andra byggföretag, som i dag inte använder prefabricerat byggande kan vinna på att införa denna typ av metod.</p><p>De problem som vi har uppmärksammat är:</p><p>• noggrannare planering krävs av de olika entreprenörerna.</p><p>• transportfaktorn begränsar flexibilitet och storlek av modulerna.</p><p>• modulerna stjäl volym av den omgivande lägenheten i jämförelse med traditionellt byggande.</p><p>• modulerna kräver sänkning av bjälklaget på den plats där de skall monteras. Detta kräver speciell dimensionering av bjälklaget.</p>