In this thesis paper, I will detail the making of Camp Shakespeare For Young Performing Artists, my final graduate short film at the University of New Orleans, from its inception as a script to its final form as a finished short film. In Part One I will examine the personal and cultural influences that led me to develop the script. Part Two will review the pre-production process – how my collaborators and I prepared for the shoot. In Part Three I will scrutinize the day-to-day process of filming. Part Four will chart the post-production process in which the film took its final shape. Finally, I will conclude with an analysis of whether the film met the goals I set for it along with my own successes and failures as a filmmaker and leader of a creative team.

This study explores private and public campground markets in Oregon. A profile of private and public campgrounds, their prices, location, and amenities, served as the supply side statistics while responses from the 1997 Campground Questionnaire provided data for demand of Oregon campgrounds. The questionnaire inquired about respondents' last camping trip in Oregon, where they camped, how much they paid, the facilities available, the activities in which they participated, socioeconomic attributes, and included a dichotomous choice contingent valuation (CV) question. These data were used to statistically analyze differences in the supply and demand for the private and public campground sectors. First, the inventory was examined using OLS to estimate the effects of campground amenities and location on user fees charged at different campsite types at private, federal, and state campgrounds. Second, I used the survey data (i.e., respondent profiles and campground attributes) to estimate substitution probabilities among campsite type and campground ownership using a nonlinear multinomial logit model. Questionnaire information was also utilized to test for market segmentation and identify the user groups' characteristics. Finally, I utilized responses to the CV question to determine the amount of consumer surplus for Oregon state parks. The significant inventory results were as follows. The model predicted that tent sites at state campgrounds are more expensive, on average than tent sites at private campgrounds. National Forest campgrounds located in eastern Oregon, on average, are less expensive than those at private and state campgrounds. The survey statistical results predicted that users of tent sites appear to be the least price sensitive, for both private and public markets. Recreational vehicle owners are more price sensitive than tent owners in both the private and public markets. Furthermore, those campers that choose a full hookup site are the most likely to use the OPRD reservation system. The contingent valuation data revealed, through linear regression, that campers would be willing to pay $44.71 more than they currently pay for a camping trip if the payment were used to improve and maintain state parks. This research is intended to contribute statistical reference for user fees and general market information to the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department. / Graduation date: 1999

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

No description available.

Die Kultivierung equiner Trachealepithelzellen stellt ein nützliches Modell dar, die (patho)-physiologischen Mechanismen der obstruktiven Atemwegserkrankungen des Pferdes auf zellulärer Ebene zu untersuchen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, Methoden für die Isolation, Charakterisierung und weitergehende Kultivierung equiner Trachealepithelzellen (ETEZ) zu etablieren und validieren und die Expression und Funktionalität der beta-adrenergen Rezeptoren an frisch isolierten ETEZ und deren Primärkulturen mittels pharmakologischer und biochemischer Verfahrenstechniken zu analysieren. Epithelzellen wurden durch Trypsinverdau aus der Trachea gesunder Pferde gewonnen, indem zuerst die Mukosa der Trachea freigelegt und diese dann vom daruntergelegenen Bindegewebe stumpf getrennt wurde. Das gewonnene Gewebe wurde zerkleinert und enzymatisch mit 0,25% Trypsin-EDTA-Lösung für 2 h bei 37°C verdaut. Durch Siebung und Zentrifugation wurden die Zellen gereinigt, vereinzelt und gesammelt, wobei kontaminierende Fibroblasten später durch differentielle Adhäsion von den Epithelzellen getrennt wurden. Die isolierten Zellen wurden sowohl licht- bzw. elektronenmikroskopisch charakterisiert, als auch immunzytochemisch hinsichtlich Zytokeratin (für Epithelzellen) und Vimentin (für Fibroblasten) gefärbt. Die durchschnittliche Zellausbeute wurde mit der Neubauer-Zählkammer bestimmt und betrug 6,10 ± 0,63×106 Zellen pro 500 mg zerkleinertem Gewebe (n = 11). Die Zellvitalität wurde mittels Trypanblau-Färbung ermittelt und betrug 94,70 ± 1,17% (n = 11). Immunfluoreszensfärbungen zeigten, dass 93,57 ± 1,67% (n = 11) der frisch isolierten Zellen und ca. 100% (n = 5) der Primärkulturen auf Zytokeratin 5/6/18 positiv reagierten. Auf Anti-Vimentin reagierten dagegen nur 9,83 ± 0,94% (n = 11) der Zellen positiv. Die Zellen wurden in einer Dichte von 6,90 x 104 Zellen/cm2 in serumfreiem AECGM ausgesät und bildeten innerhalb einer Woche einen konfluenten Monolayer. Die konfluenten Zellen wurden mittels Dispase II abgelöst. Die erste (P1) und die zweite (P2) Passage konnte erfolgreich in serumfreien AECGM kultiviert und auf der Stufe P2 30 Tage lang gehalten werden. Weitethin wurden die Expression und Funktionalität der b-adrenergen Rezeptoren in frisch isolierten und kultivierten Epithelzellen untersucht. Mittels Radioligandenbindungsstudien, Westernblot, Immunfluoreszensfärbung und cAMP-Assays konnten erstmalig die Dichte, Affinität, Subtypen, Proteinexpression und zelluläre Lokalisation der beta-adrenergen Rezeptoren sowie die Rezeptorfunktion bestimmt werden. Messungen an frisch isolierten ETEZ ergaben für die mittlere Dissoziationskonstante (KD) von 31,78 ± 6,57 pM (n = 7) und eine maximale b-adrenerge Rezeptordichte (BMax) von 12727 ± 883,6 Bindungsstellen/Zelle (n = 7) ermittelt aus Sättigungsexperimenten mit dem b-adrenergen Rezeptorantagonisten [125I] Iodocyanopindolol (ICYP) in Anwesenheit des nicht selektiven beta-Rezeptorantagonisten (±)-CGP 12177. Für Primärkulturen ergaben sich Werte für KD von 15,26 ± 3,37 pM (n =6) und für BMax von 3730 ± 212 Bindungsstellen/Zelle (n = 6). Bei Verdrängungsexperimenten wurde die ICYP konzentrationsabhängig durch den beta2-selektiven Rezeptorantagonisten ICI 118.551 und den beta1-selektiven Rezeptorantagonisten CGP 20712A verdrängt, wobei für ICI 118.551 eine 10.000-fach höhere Affinität (Ki = 1,74 ± 0,15 nM in frisch-isolierten Zellen und 1,19 ± 0,41 nM in Primärkultur) gezeigt wurde als für CGP 20712A (Ki = 17 ± 7,90 μM in frisch isolierten Zellen). Die cAMP-Bildung wurde in frisch isolierten ETEZ konzentrationsabhängig durch die beta-adrenergen Rezeptoragonisten Isoproterenol, Epinephrin und Norepinephrin in der Reihenfolge ihrer Potenz mit einer EC50 von 58 nM (n = 6), 13,60 μM (n = 6) bzw. 0,43 mM (n = 6) stimuliert. Diese cAMP-Bildung konnte durch Behandlung der Zellen mit 100 nM der beta2-selektiven ICI 118.551, nicht aber durch 300 nM des beta1-selektiven CGP 20712A blockiert werden. Mit einem beta2-adrenergen Rezeptorantikörper konnte eine 72 kDa Proteinbande und mit demselben Antikörper in der Fluoreszenzfärbung Rezeptorantigene auf der Zelloberfläche nachgewiesen werden. Zusammenfassend konnten mit dem etablierten Protokoll große Mengen equiner Trachealepithelzellen isoliert und kultiviert werden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie zeigen erstmalig, dass primäre equine Trachealepithelzellen funktionale beta2-adrenerge Rezeptoren exprimieren und das Protokoll zur Etablierung eines zellbasierten Modells geeignet ist, um in vitro verschiedene Funktionen und eine Pharmaka-induzierte Regulation der beta-adrenergen Signalkaskade hinsichtlich physiologischer und pathophysiologischer Zustände bei Atemwegserkrankungen des Pferdes und hierfür relevante pharmakologische und toxikologische Zielstrukturen untersuchen zu können.

Master's thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-109).

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Hamburg, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 365-374).

Les capacités cognitives pour assurer l’exploration et la découverte de nouvelles niches écologiques sont au cœur des processus d’adaptation et de survie des espèces vertébrés et invertébrés. A cet égard, les systèmes neuronaux chimio-sensoriels composés des organes olfactifs et gustatifs permettent le guidage et repérage des sources de nourritures et/ou des partenaires sexuels. Un fait marquant chez les insectes et en particulier la drosophile réside dans le fait que les organes gustatifs sont disséminés sur le corps. La bordure antérieure de l’aile est tapissée avec des sensilles gustatives alternées avec des sensilles mécaniques. La fonctionnalité et le rôle des cellules gustatives au niveau de l’aile de la drosophile reste énigmatique et à ce jour largement inconnue (Stocker, 1994). Notre travail a consisté à explorer la signalisation et le mécanisme de transduction de ces récepteurs et à questionner leur importance dans l’adaptation des insectes à leur écosystème. Nos résultats portent sur trois volets. Nous avons vérifié que l’expression des récepteurs du goût est effective dans les ailes des trois insectes différents (drosophiles, pucerons et abeilles) par RT-PCR. Nous avons ensuite étudié la fonctionnalité de ces récepteurs vis-à-vis des molécules sucrées et amères à l’aide d’une souche transgénique (G-CaMP), qui exhibe une forte fluorescence provoquée par des piques de calcium cytosolique. Enfin, des tests comportementaux ont été réalisé avec une souche transgénique (Poxn*) dans laquelle les sensilles chimio-sensorielles de l’aile sont spécifiquement invalidés sans altérer les autres structures olfactives et/ou gustatives. Les résultats montrent un effet significatif des cellules chimio-sensorielles de l’aile quant à l’orientation dans l’espace et à l’apprentissage Bayesien. Nos résultats sur ces trois volets nous ont permis d’élaborer des hypothèses au regard de l’évolution neuroanatomique de l’aile des insectes depuis les organismes ancestraux d’origine marine desquels ils dérivent. Des experts en aérodynamiques proposent la création d’un vortex durant le vol qui forme une spirale de courant d’air le long de la bordure antérieur de l’aile. La parfaite superposition entre ce vortex et le nerf costal de l’aile nous permet de déduire que les vibrations de l’aile entre 50 et 1.000 Hertz chez les insectes sont en mesure de nébuliser des matériaux (micro poussières, micro gouttelettes, molécules faiblement volatiles) lesquels vont être captés/entrainés dans le vortex et adressés aux sensilles gustatives. Notre hypothèse est que ce mécanisme permettrait aux insectes pollinisateurs de gouter les fleurs sans se poser et sans mettre à contribution la trompe buccale (proboscis). Ce scénario permettrait de dissocier le goût de l’ingestion digestive en évitant les empoisonnements par des molécules toxiques émises par les plantes et d’autre part il rend l’exploration plus efficace, en minimisant le temps de recherche. / Cognitive capacities used to ensure the exploration and discovery of new ecological niches are at the heart of the process of adaptation and survival of vertebrate and invertebrate species. In this respect, the neural chemosensory systems, composed of the olfactory and gustatory organs, allow the guidance and finding of food sources and/or sexual partners. A striking feature in insects and particularly in Drosophila is that gustatory organs are disseminated in the body. The anterior margin of the wing is lined with gustatory sensilla alternated with mechanosensory sensilla. The function of gustatory cells in the wing of Drosophila remains enigmatic and actually quite unknown (Stocker, 1994). Our work consisted in exploring the signaling and the transduction mechanisms of these receptors and in questioning their importance in the adaptation of insects to their ecosystem. Our results are based on three components. We have verified that the expression of gustatory receptors occurs in the wings of three different insects (Drosophila, aphid and honey bee) by RT-PCR. We have studied the function of these receptors vis-à-vis of sweet and bitter molecules using a transgenic line (G-CaMP) that exhibits a strong fluorescence provoked by cytosolic calcium picks. Finally, behavioral assays have been realized with a transgenic line (Poxn*) in which the chemosensory sensilla have been invalidated without altering the other olfactory and gustatory structures. Our results show a significant effect of wing chemosensory cells as far as orientation is space and Bayesian learning and have permitted us to elaborate hypothesis regarding the neuroanatomical evolution of the wing of insects since ancestral organisms of marine origin from which they derive. Experts in aerodynamics propose the creation of a vortex during flight that forms a spiral of air along the anterior border of the wing. The perfect superposition between this vortex and the costal nerve of the wing allows us to deduce that the vibrations of the insect wing between 50 and 1.000 Hertz are able to nebulize materials (microdust, microdrops, weakly volatile molecules), which are captured/trapped in the vortex and addressed to the gustatory sensilla. Our hypothesis is that this mechanism would let pollinator insects taste flowers without landing and without involving the proboscis. In this scenario insects would dissociate taste from ingestion, avoiding poisoning by toxic molecules emitted by plants and rending exploration more efficient by minimizing searching time.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo traçar breves notas sobre algumas movimentações de drag queens e outras artistas da travestilidade que tiveram lugar na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, nos anos de 2009 e 2010. Através de um trabalho de observação participante, foram selecionados alguns locais e espetáculos que poderiam ser representativos desta categoria artística, não se pretendendo um levantamento extenso sobre quem são e onde estão tais artistas. Nomeio como artistas da travestilidade aqueles corpos que têm o ato de travestir-se como central em sua construção artístico-cultural, principalmente construindo corporalidades baseadas em um gênero diferente daquele identificado socialmente no nascimento, como drag queens, atores transformistas, travestis e transexuais artistas. Apoiando-me em pressupostos dos métodos cartográfico e etnográfico assumi, nesta dissertação, o posicionamento de um pesquisador-espectador, objetivando o contato com aquilo que drag queens e outras artistas da travestilidade desejam tornar público, ou seja, seus shows e espetáculos. Acompanhei diversas apresentações deste tipo em teatros, boates, bares e clubes de bairro, bem como em outros locais nos quais se fizeram presentes, como na Parada do Orgulho LGBT do Rio de Janeiro e em alguns blocos do carnaval carioca. Tendo ainda como campo de diálogo alguns postulados da Esquizoanálise vertente teórica fundamentada principalmente nas contribuições de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari , pretendi situar e afirmar as drag queens e a arte da travestilidade dentro dos estudos de gênero e sexualidade, principalmente aqueles mais diretamente relacionados às manifestações de uma subcultura camp e cultura gay e/ou homossexual. / This paper aims to draw some brief notes on the contemporary drag queens' and other female impersonators artists movements, following what took place in the city of Rio de Janeiro during the years 2009 and 2010. Through a study of participant observation, I selected some sites and shows that could be representative of this art category, not intending to make an extensive survey of where they are or who these artists are. I name female impersonators artists those bodies which have the act of transvestiting themselves as central to their artistic and cultural construction/constitution, particularly building up corporalities based on a gender which is distinct from the birth-socially-identified one, e.g. drag queens, crossdresser actors, transvestites and transgender artists. Based on cartographic and ethnographic methods, I took the position of a spectator, that is, of a researcher-spectator, aiming at a connection with what drag queens and impersonators artists wish to make public, i.e., their concerts and shows. I followed various performances of this kind in theaters, nightclubs, bars and neighborhood clubs, as well as in other places in which they were present, as in Rio de Janeiro's LGBT Pride Parade and in some groups of Rio's carnival. Having also as a field of dialogue some postulates of Schizoanalysis - the theoretical model based mainly on contributions from Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari -, I meant to situate and affirm the drag queens and the female impersonation art within the studies of gender and sexuality, especially within those more closely related to manifestations of a camp subculture and gay or homosexual culture.

Since the use of opioids started to emerge for analgesic reasons in the 19th century with the synthetization of morphine, opioids have been studied rigorously to better understand its effects on the brain. This thesis shows that both the analgesic effects and the reinforcing effects of opioids are mediated by the same receptor, the mu opioid receptor (MOR). MOR activity has been correlated to both primary and secondary reinforcers and should be considered to cause positive reinforcement together with increases in dopamine transmission for all drugs of abuse, and not only in relation to opioids. Opioid tolerance, dependence and even addiction are to some extent thought to relate to opioids’ acute effect of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) superactivation. Based upon these findings, the allostasis theory of addiction is considered to be the most suitable in defining opioid addiction. The theory claims that the mesolimbic dopamine system becomes sensitized, increasing the attractiveness of opioids. This while counteradaptation increases the pleasurable tolerance of opioids, encouraging the user to increase its intake for the same initial reward. Furthermore the theory claims that cAMP superactivation is causing an unfolding effect of neurobiological and neurochemical expressions which leads to the disorder of addiction. cAMP superactivation is mediating the negatively reinforcing aspects of opioid addiction together with changes to corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the brain stress system, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the extended amygdala.