Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo traçar breves notas sobre algumas movimentações de drag queens e outras artistas da travestilidade que tiveram lugar na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, nos anos de 2009 e 2010. Através de um trabalho de observação participante, foram selecionados alguns locais e espetáculos que poderiam ser representativos desta categoria artística, não se pretendendo um levantamento extenso sobre quem são e onde estão tais artistas. Nomeio como artistas da travestilidade aqueles corpos que têm o ato de travestir-se como central em sua construção artístico-cultural, principalmente construindo corporalidades baseadas em um gênero diferente daquele identificado socialmente no nascimento, como drag queens, atores transformistas, travestis e transexuais artistas. Apoiando-me em pressupostos dos métodos cartográfico e etnográfico assumi, nesta dissertação, o posicionamento de um pesquisador-espectador, objetivando o contato com aquilo que drag queens e outras artistas da travestilidade desejam tornar público, ou seja, seus shows e espetáculos. Acompanhei diversas apresentações deste tipo em teatros, boates, bares e clubes de bairro, bem como em outros locais nos quais se fizeram presentes, como na Parada do Orgulho LGBT do Rio de Janeiro e em alguns blocos do carnaval carioca. Tendo ainda como campo de diálogo alguns postulados da Esquizoanálise vertente teórica fundamentada principalmente nas contribuições de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari , pretendi situar e afirmar as drag queens e a arte da travestilidade dentro dos estudos de gênero e sexualidade, principalmente aqueles mais diretamente relacionados às manifestações de uma subcultura camp e cultura gay e/ou homossexual. / This paper aims to draw some brief notes on the contemporary drag queens' and other female impersonators artists movements, following what took place in the city of Rio de Janeiro during the years 2009 and 2010. Through a study of participant observation, I selected some sites and shows that could be representative of this art category, not intending to make an extensive survey of where they are or who these artists are. I name female impersonators artists those bodies which have the act of transvestiting themselves as central to their artistic and cultural construction/constitution, particularly building up corporalities based on a gender which is distinct from the birth-socially-identified one, e.g. drag queens, crossdresser actors, transvestites and transgender artists. Based on cartographic and ethnographic methods, I took the position of a spectator, that is, of a researcher-spectator, aiming at a connection with what drag queens and impersonators artists wish to make public, i.e., their concerts and shows. I followed various performances of this kind in theaters, nightclubs, bars and neighborhood clubs, as well as in other places in which they were present, as in Rio de Janeiro's LGBT Pride Parade and in some groups of Rio's carnival. Having also as a field of dialogue some postulates of Schizoanalysis - the theoretical model based mainly on contributions from Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari -, I meant to situate and affirm the drag queens and the female impersonation art within the studies of gender and sexuality, especially within those more closely related to manifestations of a camp subculture and gay or homosexual culture.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T21:31:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Kassem Mahamad Ghandour1.pdf: 1891083 bytes, checksum: 28f2f645612a43b29d732b8548187138 (MD5) Kassem Mahamad Ghandour2.pdf: 2380827 bytes, checksum: 00acc6ecfeb9d8220bfb49ca7b73e8bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-08 / The proposal of this study is to analyze the formation of a homoerotic masculine look that had being built since the XIX century (time when the terms heterosexual and homosexual ) were forged, having as a temporal cut the period from 1969 to 1984. The perspective is to identify the changes happened in the construction of this look from 1969, a year marked by the conflicts happened at the bar Stonewall Inn, in New York, resulting in a change of attitude concerning the gay segment, that brought to the surface an entire way of being built in the secrecy of the ghetto, until the year of 1984. A relationship is set up with the fashion as a social phenomenon that points out these transformations, especially with the work of the French fashion designer Jean-Paul Gaultie. This creator incorporates the universe of the masculine gay desire and the camp aesthetics, getting, this way, to streamline the rigid conventions of the masculine dressing, through the contributions of this homoerotic look. / A proposta deste estudo é analisar a formação de um olhar homoerótico masculino que foi sendo construído desde o século XIX (época em que foram forjados os termos heterossexual e homossexual ), tendo como recorte temporal o período de 1969 a 1984. A perspectiva é identificar as mudanças ocorridas na construção deste olhar a partir de 1969, ano marcado pelos conflitos ocorridos no bar Stonewall Inn, em Nova York, resultando numa mudança de atitude do segmento gay, que trouxe à tona todo um modo de ser construído na clandestinidade do gueto, até o ano de 1984. Estabelece-se uma relação com a moda como fenômeno social que aponta estas transformações, especialmente com o trabalho do costureiro francês Jean-Paul Gaultier. Este criador incorpora o universo do desejo gay masculino e a estética camp, conseguindo, desse modo, flexibilizar as rígidas convenções da indumentária masculina, por meio das contribuições deste olhar homoerótico.

No description available.

This study seeks to explore what conditions contribute to sexual violence against refugees in conflict-induced humanitarian settings by focusing particularly on whether the physical and social insecurity in refugee camps may affect the reported levels of sexual violence. This study uses the method of structured focused comparison to study and compare the two Jordanian refugee camps Zaatari and Azraq during the period of 2014–2019. In particular, this thesis argues that high physical and social insecurity in conflict-induced humanitarian settings will lead to higher levels of sexual violence against refugees. By borrowing from the literature on conflict-related sexual violence, this study seeks to contribute to the scarce literature on sexual violence in humanitarian settings and explore the possible links between the occurrence of and explanations for this violence. Albeit modestly, the main findings suggest that the hypothesis is supported as the levels of physical and social insecurity seem to correspond with the expected variation in levels of reported sexual violence. Nevertheless, data limitations and other challenges call for caution and future research is needed to establish a more profound basis for this phenomenon.

This diploma thesis follows history of camp in Hodonín Nera Kunštát during its existence since late 1930's until nowadays. The work describes changes in use of the camp in context of political regime's changes during the reviewed period. Examination will be subjected not only to the repressive role of the facility, but also to its post-war recreational function and, last but not least, to the current educational mission. The work will be compiled in chronological order using the method of comparison of individual stages of camp use. In certain aspects the issue of camp use will be analysed through perspective of its diverse subjects, in addition to its various stages. The work will be divided into trhee parts, namely the use of the camp as a tool of the state policy punishing, the recreational function and the so-called second life of the camp, that is to say, the period following the recreational educational function of the camp. In this part of the thesis, medial and political messages will be analyzed as a necessary evidence illustrating the complex path of transformation of the Hodonín grounds from the camp to the center of collective memory.

Le courant cationique activé par l'hyperpolarisation (courant H) est impliqué dans l'organisation temporelle de l'activité neuronale. Nous montrons que le courant H améliore la synchronisation et la régularité des oscillations thêta dans l'hippocampe et dans le néocortex in vitro. Il détermine les oscillations thêta par la définition de résonnance intrinsèque de membrane, la fidélité de décharge et le couplage entre potentiels postsynaptiques et décharge. Les cinétiques du courant H sont modulés par l'AMPc. Nous montrons que l'augmentation de l'activité synaptique provoque une augmentation de la concentration en AMPc intracellulaire qui pourrait réguler les oscillations de l'activité de réseau. Ces résultats illustrent le rôle clef d'un courant intrinsèque dans l'organisation temporelle de l'activité des neurones en réseau. La modulation des propriétés cinétiques du courant H peut agir comme un régulateur de fréquence.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Le conflit israélo-palestinien dure depuis plus de 60 ans. Non seulement perdure-t-il, il gagne aussi en complexité. Cette thèse s’intéresse à l’expérience d’exil des Palestiniens et plus particulièrement à celle de femmes palestiniennes vivant en camp de réfugiés au Liban. La mémoire palestinienne a longtemps été, dans son ensemble, occultée dans la littérature, et qui plus est l’expérience des femmes; la façon dont leurs récits sont construits nous le démontre bien. La présente étude s’inscrit donc dans la lignée de travaux qui font une place aux « voix silencieuses » que sont souvent celles des femmes réfugiées palestiniennes des camps. Cette thèse s’appuie sur une approche qualitative – récits de vie et observation participante – et fait suite à une recherche qui a été menée entre 2009 et 2011 dans le camp palestinien de Bourj El Barajneh au Liban. Les résultats dégagés confirment que, dans l’exil, une partie de l’expérience de la nakba palestinienne telle que vécue par les femmes s’est perdue. Ceci dit, si la quasi-absence des femmes caractérise l’exode, on voit ces dernières s’affirmer au fil de l’exil qui devient une réalité durable. Au cours des deux premières décennies, les femmes apparaissent comme des « résistantes du quotidien ». Puis, la montée du sentiment national palestinien et l’éclatement de la guerre civile libanaise amènent les femmes à investir de plus en plus l’espace public. En temps de guerre, toutes les femmes participent à la survie de la communauté, et cela, par l’extension de leurs tâches domestiques et sociales. Plus le conflit prend de l’ampleur, plus leurs activités se diversifient : elles intègrent d’autres tâches à celles qui leur sont traditionnellement assignées. À l’issue du conflit, une grande partie des femmes palestiniennes commencent à prendre leurs distances de la lutte nationale partisane. Pour plusieurs d’entre elles, la fin de la guerre est aussi la fin des illusions : elles ont le sentiment d’avoir été abandonnées par la classe politique. Ainsi, le mouvement nationaliste palestinien a certes bousculé les rôles de genre, mais il n’a pas permis d’induire des changements durables. Dans les récits des femmes, on voit qu’à travers l’exil s’est créé un lien avec ce milieu que l’on croyait temporaire, le camp de Bourj El Barajneh : un lien qui se situe au cœur d’une tension entre un pôle réel et un pôle symbolique. Le camp « réel » est décrit comme insalubre, instable et non sécuritaire, et la vie dans ce camp est à ce point précaire et difficile que les femmes s’accrochent à cet autre camp qui, lui, est porteur de mémoire, de souvenirs, de relations et de rêves. C’est d’ailleurs parce que ce second pôle existe que la vie dans le camp peut être tolérée. Si la lutte nationale a été pour une certaine génération de Palestiniennes la préoccupation première, la fin de la guerre signe la perte de vitesse de cette lutte qui s’est longtemps avérée structurante. Ceci dit, le modèle de résistance, lui, persiste. Les femmes continuent de lutter et apparaissent comme des « actrices de la transmission ». L’un de ces projets qu’elles font leur, la transmission de l’identité religieuse, prend rapidement de l’ampleur alors que la communauté palestinienne peine à se relever des affres de la guerre. Nombreuses sont les femmes qui cherchent un sens à la vie dans ce cumul de catastrophes, et la religion les soutient dans cette quête, mais en plus c’est à travers elle que le projet du retour en Palestine est porté. D’ailleurs, la mémoire de la Palestine est une autre valeur que les femmes cherchent à transmettre d’une génération à l’autre. Maintenir la mémoire de la Palestine est un rôle traditionnel de la femme palestinienne. Ceci dit, les femmes ne remplissent pas ce rôle « aveuglément » : elles transmettent une mémoire, un message qu’elles ont cherché, reconstruit, évalué et parfois critiqué. Enfin, un autre projet se manifeste rapidement dans l’exil : la transmission des connaissances, une valeur phare pour les Palestiniennes puisque à la fois stratégie de survie, de développement et d’ascension sociale. Mais pour quelques-unes, l’éducation est une lutte parce que confrontée à des contraintes contextuelles et au poids des traditions. Ainsi, c’est par des valeurs traditionnellement portées et transmises par les femmes – l’identité religieuse, la mémoire et l’éducation – que l’oppression et la colonisation des Palestiniens se combattent au quotidien. / The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has lasted more than 60 years and persists not only in time but also in complexity. This thesis focuses on the Palestinian exile and particularly, the experience of exile of Palestinian women living in refugee camps in Lebanon. Palestinian memory has for a long time been occulted in the literature and specifically, the experience of women and how their stories are constructed by gender. The present study is therefore in a line of work that gives a place to these “silent voices” that are often those of the Palestinian women of the camps. This research is based on a qualitative methodology – life stories and participant observation –, research that took place between 2009 and 2011 in the refugee camp of Bourj El Barajneh in Lebanon. The results show that, in exile, a part of the Palestinian nakba experienced by women, has been lost. That said, if a virtual absence of women characterizes the exodus, over exile, women become more assertive. During the first two decades in exile in Lebanon, women appear as “everyday resistant”. Then, the rise of a national sentiment which was rapidly followed by the outbreak of the Lebanese civil war, made women more and more present in the public space. Indeed, in wartime, all the women were involved in the community’s survival, and that, by an extension of their domestic and social roles. The longer the conflict lasts, the more diverse are their activities: it includes other tasks than those traditionally assigned to them. At the end of the conflict, a large part of Palestinian women are beginning to distance themselves from the national struggle. For many, the end of the war also means the end of illusions: they feel they have been abandoned by the political class. Thus, if the Palestinian nationalist movement has certainly brought changes in gender roles, it has failed to bring about lasting changes. Also, in the women's narratives, we see that in time, a bond is created with the space “Bourj El Barajneh camp”, a, bond that is located in a tension between two poles. First, there is a “real pole” where the camp appears as unsafe and unstable. Second, life in the camp is so precarious and difficult that women cling to another pole, a “symbolic pole” which represents the camp as a bearer of memories, relationships and dreams. And it’s because this last pole exists that life in the camp can be tolerated. If the Palestinian national struggle – for a certain generation of Palestinian women – was the main struggle, the end of the war signed “the end of illusions” and the slowing of the national struggle which has long proven structuring. That said, the pattern of resistance persists while women continue to resist and appear as “actresses of transmission”. The transmission of religious identity quickly gained in importance as the Palestinian community struggled to recover from the horrors of war. Through religion, many women found meaning in a life and it is also through religion that the return to Palestine is now carried. Moreover, the memory of Palestine is another value that women seek to pass on from a generation to another. Even though, passing on the memory of Palestine is a role traditionally carried by women, they do not fulfill it “blindly” but they convey a message that has been sought, rebuilt and sometimes criticized. Finally, another project arrives rapidly in exile: the transmission of knowledge, a core value for Palestinian women as it is a strategy for survival, development and social mobility. But for some, because faced with contextual constraints and the weight of tradition, education is still a struggle. Thus, it is because women carry and transmit traditional values – religious identity, memory and education – that the oppression and colonization of Palestinians can be fought everyday.

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ist eine verbreitet vorkommende Komponente der Plasmalipoproteine und spielt eine Schlüsselrolle bei Lipidtransport und Cholesterin-Homöostase über den Low Density Lipoprotein Rezeptor. Im ZNS wird ApoE hauptsächlich von Astrozyten synthetisiert und sekretiert. ApoE-Isoformen haben unterschiedliche Wirkung auf eine Zahl von pathologischen Prozessen, die der Alzheimerschen Krankheit zugrunde liegen. Um die Rolle des ApoE für die Alzheimersche Krankheit zu erhellen, ist es wichtig Kenntnisse über seine Regulation zu erlangen. Ein Ziel dieser Arbeit war zu untersuchen, ob die „Second-Messenger“-Signalpfade „Adenylatcyclase/Proteinkinase A (PKA)“ und/oder „Phospholipase C/Proteinkinase C (PLC/PKC)“ in die Regulation der astrozytären ApoE Sekretion eingreifen. Hierfür wurden primäre hippocampale Astrozytenkulturen von Ratten mit verschiedenen Analoga, Rezeptoragonisten und Neurotransmittern, die diese Signalpfade beeinflussen, inkubiert. Dibutyryl-cAMP (cAMP-Analogon) erhöhte die ApoE Sekretion. Auch Rezeptoragonisten des Adenylatcyclase/PKA-Signalwegs beeinflussten die ApoE Sekretion. Isoproterenol (beta-Adrenorezeptoragonist) erhöhte die ApoE Sekretion, während Clonidine (alpha-2 Adrenorezeptoragonist) sie senkte. Der PKC-Aktivator Phorbol 12-Myristat 13-Acetat senkte die ApoE Sekretion und kehrte die dibutyryl-cAMP-vermittelte Erhöhung der ApoE Sekretion um. Arterenol (alpha-1 Adrenorezeptoragonist) und Serotonin (Neurotransmitter) erhöhten die ApoE Sekretion, wohingegen Carbachol (Acetylcholiner muskarinischer Rezeptoragonist) die ApoE Sekretion senkte. Es wird gezeigt, dass die verwendeten Substanzen einen von der ApoE Sekretion verschiedenen Einfluss auf die Sekretion des Nervenwachstumsfaktors (NGF) haben. Dies legt die Vermutung nahe, dass die beobachteten Ergebnisse nicht auf einen generellen Effekt der Proteinsynthese zurückzuführen sind. Es kann gefolgert werden, dass die astrozytäre ApoE Sekretion von Faktoren beeinflusst werden kann, die die intrazelluläre Konzentration von cAMP verändern oder die PKC aktivieren. Das zweite Ziel der Arbeit war zu untersuchen ob Amyloid Fragmente einen Einfluss auf die astrozytäre ApoE Sekretion haben. Senile Amyloid-Plaques in Alzheimer-Gehirnen zeigen eine ApoE-Immunreaktivität, Astrozyten die diese Plaques umgeben dagegen nicht. Es wird gezeigt, dass gealtertes fibrilläres Amyloid (1-40) die ApoE Sekretion erhöht. Das sekretierte ApoE wird durch die, die Zellen umgebenden Amyloid-Konglomerate, gebunden. Die verwendeten Amyloid Fragmente beeinflussten nicht die Menge des sekretierten basischen Fibroblastenwachstumsfaktors. Dies legt nahe, dass die beobachteten Ergebnisse nicht auf einen generellen Effekt der Proteinsynthese zurückzuführen sind. / Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is an abundant component of plasma lipoproteins that plays a key role in lipid transport and cholesterol homeostasis via the low density lipoprotein receptor. In the CNS, apoE is synthesised and secreted especially by astrocytes. ApoE isoforms have different effects on a number of pathological processes underlying Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, understanding the regulated synthesis of apoE is important for determining its role in Alzheimer’s disease. One aim of this work was to examine whether the second-messenger-pathways „adenylyl cyclase/proteinkinase A (PKA)“ and/or „phospholipase C/proteinkinase C (PLC/PKC) are involved in the regulation of apoE secretion in astrocytes. Therefore rat primary hippocampal astrocyte cultures were incubated with various analogues, receptor agonists and neurotransmitters which influence these pathways. Dibutyryl-cAMP (cAMP analogue) increased the apoE secretion. ApoE secretion was also modulated by receptor agonists of the adenylyl cyclase/PKA pathway. Isoproterenol (beta-adrenoceptor agonist) enhanced, while Clonidine (alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist) decreased, the secreted apoE. In contrast, the PKC activator phorbol 12-myrisate 13-acetate decreased the apoE secretion. It also reversed the effects of dibutyryl-cAMP. Arterenol (alpha 1-adrenoceptor) and serotonin (neurotransmitter) enhanced, whereas carbachol (acetylcholine muscarinic receptor agonist) deceased secreted apoE. It is shown, that the used substances have different effects on the secretion of the nerve growth factor (NGF) as compared to apoE secretion, suggesting that the results obtained were unlikely to be due to a general effect on protein synthesis. It can be concluded that actrocytic apoE production can be regulated by factors that affect cAMP intracellular concentration or activate PKC. The second aim of this work was to examine whether amyloid fragments have an effect on the apoE secretion of astrocytes. Senile amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease brains show apoE immunoreactivity, astrocytes which surround them do not. It is shown, that aged, fibrillic amyloid (1-40) increases apoE secretion. The secreted apoE is bound to the surrounding amyloid conglomerates. The used amyloid fragments did not increase or decrease basic fibroblast growth factor secretion, suggesting that the results obtained were unlikely to be due to a general effect on protein synthesis.

A new generation, Millennial Generation, is currently staffing summer camp programs. Camp directors need to be aware of the differences in learning styles this generation prefers. The Millennial generation is the first to grow up with the instant accessibility of the Internet. This project was created based on suggestions from Camp Directors and ideas that have been developed from the study of this generation. A pre-camp video game training script has been created and tailored to the Millennial camp staff in order to encourage Millennials to learn and use the information needed to take proper care of campers.