Le secteur du bâtiment est l’un secteur des plus énergivore, sa consommation énergétique importante découle d’une part de la dégradation des matériaux propre à leur vieillissement et d’autre part, au manque d’un cadre réglementaire énergétique plus strict accompagnant la conception. Enfin cette consommation énergétique est due à la présence des usagers. Ceci est d’autant plus vrai pour le secteur tertiaire au travers leurs activités, leurs comportements et leur degré d’appartenance que les usagers donnent à ces types de bâtiments. En effet, même si tout le monde les utilise, personne ne se sent responsable de leur maintenance. Le travail présenté ici met en avant la relation entre la consommation énergétique dans les campus universitaires et le comportement des usagers. Les résultats sont analysés dans un contexte climatique comparable (paramètre clé les Degrés Jours Unifiés - DJU), avec indicateurs d’évaluation partageables (ce qui ont été judicieusement choisis à partir d’une comparaison entre différents systèmes d’évaluation) et traduit dans une méthodologie d’évaluation (basée sur les méthodes multicritères). Celle-ci tient compte de la multiplicité d’usages, d’usagers et d’attentes énergétiques, environnementales et de confort présents dans ce type de secteur tertiaire. L’objectif principal de cette étude a été d’élaborer une démarche d’amélioration environnementale et énergétique pour l’exploitation des bâtiments tertiaires, pour aller vers la réhabilitation thermique et énergétique, en considérant d’une part, la satisfaction des usagers et d’autre part les performances énergétiques et environnementales améliorées des bâtiments analysés. Ce mémoire de thèse est construit autour la logique suivante : une mise en situation des problématiques énergétiques internationales et nationales (France et du Chili). Un focus sur l’énergie dans le secteur tertiaire, permet de s’imprégner des différents dispositifs mis en place pour atteindre l’objectif de réduction de la consommation d’énergie et des émissions de CO2. Une grille de comparaison qui va nous permettre de réaliser les analyses de consommations énergétiques à différentes périodes de l’année avec un seul paramètre climatologique le DJU, est mise en avant. Ensuite les différents campus et sites universitaires sur lesquels nous appuyons la réflexion sont présentés. Dans ceux-ci, nous analysons à différentes échelles spatio-temporelles et avec différents types d’analyses qualitatives et quantitatives, les variables discriminantes qui seront essentielles pour parvenir à une amélioration énergétique au fil du temps. Par la suite, une ligne de base de critères et indicateurs qui vont nous permettre d’évaluer avec la même échelle d’évaluation, la performance énergétique et environnementale des bâtiments dans leur état actuel est crée. Pour, ensuite, les comparer dans un état optimisé lorsque les améliorations énergétiques ont été mises en place. Enfin nous proposons une méthodologie d’évaluation et d’amélioration environnementale pour l’exploitation des bâtiments tertiaires qui va mettre en relation de façon originale les besoins énergétiques, environnementaux, économiques et de confort des gestionnaires et des usagers universitaires. Une modélisation thermique de solutions de réhabilitation et un modèle économique, assez simple, sont proposés pour illustrer l’application de la méthodologie. / The buildings sector is one of the largest energy consuming sectors, its high energy consumption stems to construction materials degradation on the one hand and to the lack of a stricter regulatory context in design step on the other hand. Finally, this energy consumption is due to the presence of users. This is especially true for the service sector through its activities, its behavior and the sense of belonging of users to this type of buildings. Even if everyone uses them, nobody feels responsible for their maintenance.The work presented here highlights the relationship between energy consumption in university campuses and user’s behavior. The results are analyzed in a comparable climatic context (the key parameter Unified Degree Days - UDD) with sharable assessment indicators (which have been carefully selected from a comparison between different assessment systems). Then, the results are translated into an evaluation methodology (based on multicriterio analysis). The methodology takes into account the multiplicity of uses, users and energy resources, environment and comfort requirements expected in this service sector.This study aims to develop an environmental and energy improvement approach for the operation of tertiary buildings, to move towards a thermal and energy rehabilitation, considering on the one hand, user satisfaction and on the other hand the energy and environmental improved performance of the studied buildings.This manuscript of thesis is built around the following logic: an overview of national and international energy issues (France and Chile). A specific reference to energy in the tertiary sector emphasizes the different mechanisms put in place to achieve the reduction target of energy consumption and CO2 emissions. A comparison grid is built to analyze energy consumptions at different times of the year with a single climate parameter: the DDU (Unified Degree Days). Then, the different campuses and universities supported by the reflection are presented. In these study cases, we analyzed at different spatio-temporal scales and with different types of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the discrimination of critical variables to achieve energy improvements over time. Subsequently, a baseline of criteria and indicators is developed to evaluate the energy and environmental performance of buildings in their current state with the same rating scale. Then energy improvements are implemented to compare them in an optimized state. Finally, we propose an evaluation methodology and environmental improvements for the operation of tertiary buildings which will bring together in an original way the energy, environmental, economic and comfort managers and users universities needs. Thermal modeling solutions and economic rehabilitation rather simple model are provided to illustrate the application of the methodology. / El sector de la construcción es uno de los sectores que más energía consume, este consumo se debe en parte a la degradación de sus materiales, propia al paso del tiempo, a la falta de un marco legal energético más estricto que regule su diseño-concepción y por otra a la presencia de sus usuarios. Este fenómeno se vuelve más recurrente en el sector terciario debido a sus actividades, sus comportamientos y el grado de pertenencia que los usuarios le dan a este tipo de edificios. De hecho, si es cierto que todo el mundo los puede utilizar, no todos se sienten responsables de su cuidado.El trabajo que aquí se ha desarrollado presenta la relación entre el consumo energético de los campus universitarios y el comportamiento de sus usuarios. Los resultados se han analizado bajo un contexto climático comparable (parámetro clave los Grados Días Unificados - GDU), indicadores de evaluación adaptables (que han sido cuidadosamente seleccionados a partir de una comparación entre distintos sistemas de evaluación - certificaciones) y que se han traducido a través de una metodología de evaluación (basada en métodos de multicriterio). Esta metodología considera la multiplicidad de usos, de usuarios y de requerimientos energéticos, medioambientales y de confort presentes en este tipo de sector terciario.El objetivo principal de este estudio ha sido desarrollar una metodología de mejora energética y medioambiental para la operación de edificios terciarios, que permitirá además de considerar una rehabilitación térmica y energética, teniendo en cuenta, por una parte, la satisfacción de los usuarios y por otra el desempeño energético y medioambiental mejorado de los edificios analizados.La memoria de la tesis ha sido construida bajo la siguiente lógica: la presentación de las problemáticas energéticas internacionales y nacionales (de Francia y de Chile). Una visión de la energía en el sector terciario, permite ahondar sobre los diferentes mecanismos establecidos para lograr el objetivo de reducir el consumo energético y las emisiones de CO2. Un sistema de comparación nos permite analizar el consumo energético en diferentes periodos del año, a través de un único parámetro climático, el GDU. A continuación se presentan los diferentes campus y sitios universitarios en los que nos apoyamos para el análisis. En ellos, analizamos a diferentes escalas espacio-temporales y con diferentes tipos de análisis cualitativos y cuantitativos, las variables discriminantes que serán fundamentales para lograr la mejora de la eficiencia energética a través del tiempo. Posteriormente, construimos una línea de base de criterios e indicadores que nos permitirá evaluar a través de una misma escala de evaluación, el desempeño energético y medioambiental de los edificios en su estado actual, para luego compararlos en un estado óptimo cuando diferentes mejoras energéticas se han implementado. Por último, proponemos una metodología de evaluación y de mejoras energéticas para la operación de edificios terciarios, dicha metodología relaciona de manera original las necesidades energéticas, medioambientales, económicas y de confort de gestores y de usuarios universitarios. Finalmente, proponemos para ilustrar la aplicación de la metodología, un modelo térmico de soluciones de rehabilitación y un modelo económico simplificados.

The use of information and communication technologies and computerised training tools in nursing education has gained traction globally and locally. Nursing campuses in KwaZulu-Natal are yet to explore this avenue despite the existence of numerous challenges with conventional methods of teaching and learning, and Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) pre-service training. Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Computerised Adaptation and Training Tool (ICATT), an e-learning tool has been identified as an innovative technology that has the potential to strengthen IMCI pre-service training and increase training coverage at nursing campuses. The aim of this study is to investigate the nursing campuses’ readiness for the use of ICATT, and to develop guidelines and a model for improving the use of ICATT at the nursing campuses. This study adopted a sequential exploratory mixed methods design and was conducted in three phases at ten nursing campuses in KwaZulu-Natal. In phases one and two, data was collected sequentially using a semi-structured interview schedule and self-administered questionnaires. The qualitative component involved seven individual administered questionnaires. The qualitative component involved seven individual interviews with campus principals, eight focus groups of nurse educators and eight focus groups of learners. The Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis framework was used to identify themes. In the quantitative component, data was collected from nine campus principals, 35 nurse educators and 235 learners and analysed using SPSS 23. Findings from phases one and two revealed that campus principals, nurse educators and learners had positive attitudes and identified enabling factors regarding ICATT use. Additional findings revealed that pre-existing barriers related to human, material, infrastructural and financial resources could impact on the nursing campuses, nurse educators and learners’ readiness to implement and use ICATT. Findings from phases one and two led to the development of guidelines and a model for ICATT implementation at nursing campuses. Phase three employed the Delphi method to obtain consensus opinion from 11 experts for the refinement of the guidelines. The readiness for ICATT use model and the guidelines can facilitate the successful implementation and use of ICATT. / Health Studies / Ph. D. (Health Studies)

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The building sector is a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, necessitating the development of energy-efficient measures to address environmental concerns. The availability of building energy data sets enables the application of data analysis techniques to assess building energy conditions, providing greater potential for evaluating building energy demands. This research centers on the evaluation of three distinct Campuses in Stockholm, including KTH, Frescati, and Solna buildings. The analysis encompasses two critical dimensions: the first related to energy performance certificates, while the second leverages data from the Akademiska Hus database. The information gathered from the Akademiska Hus database is obtained by using a web application developed at KTH Energy Technology, which was mainly available for internal usage. Examination of energy performance certificates reveals a crucial distinction among buildings concerning their energy utilization, construction year, and activity areas. Buildings categorized with energy performance levels E, F, and G emerge as critical areas demanding urgent evaluations. By inspecting data from the Akademiska Hus database, the study evaluates district heating, district cooling, and electricity variations in relation to outdoor temperature fluctuations during 2022. This analysis uncovers notable anomalies in buildings' energy demands. KTH and Solna buildings present abrupt district cooling and district heating variations, as well as high district cooling values during winter, and high district heating values during summer. While some Frescati and Solna buildings evidence constant district heating and district cooling values as an anomaly, along with high district cooling and district heating values during winter and summer periods, respectively. In conclusion, this study recommends in-depth assessments and the implementation of energyefficient measures for buildings classified with energy performance levels E, F, and G linked to large energy variation anomalies. The aim is to recognize the sources of these anomalies and enhance overall energy performance. Notably, KTH and Solna Campuses are identified as areas warranting immediate attention / Byggsektorn är en betydande bidragsgivare till globala utsläpp av växthusgaser, vilket kräver utveckling av energieffektiva åtgärder för att hantera miljöproblem. Tillgången till byggnadsenergidatauppsättningar möjliggör tillämpning av dataanalystekniker för att bedöma byggnaders energiförhållanden, vilket ger större potential för att utvärdera byggnaders energibehov. Denna forskning fokuserar på utvärdering av tre distinkta Campus i Stockholm, inklusive KTH, Frescati och Solna-byggnaderna. Analysen omfattar två kritiska dimensioner: den första avser energicertifikat, medan den andra utnyttjar data från Akademiska Hus energiplattform. Granskning av energicertifikat visar en avgörande skillnad mellan byggnader när det gäller deras energianvändning, ålder och verksamhetsområden. Byggnader kategoriserade med energiprestandanivåerna E, F och G framstår som kritiska områden som kräver brådskande utvärderingar. Genom att granska data från Akademiska Hus energiplattform utvärderar studien fjärrvärme-, fjärrkyla- och elvariationer i relation till utomhustemperaturfluktuationer under 2022. Denna analys avslöjar betydande anomalier i byggnaders energibehov. KTH och Solnas byggnader uppvisar abrupta fjärrkyla- och fjärrvärmevariationer, samt höga fjärrkylavärden under vinter noch höga fjärrvärmevärden under sommaren. Medan vissa Frescati- och Solna-byggnader visar konstanta fjärrvärme- och fjärrkylavärden som en anomali, tillsammans med höga fjärrkyla och fjärrvärmevärden under vinter- respektive sommarperioder. Sammanfattningsvis rekommenderar denna studie fördjupade bedömningar och genomförande av energieffektiva åtgärder för byggnader klassificerade med energiprestandanivåer E, F och G kopplade till stora energivariationer. Syftet är att lokalisera källorna till dessa anomalier och förbättra den övergripande energiprestanda. Noterbart är att Campus KTH och Solna har en framträdande plats som områden som kräver omedelbar uppmärksamhet.

Informed by post-humanism, my research examines the entanglement of more-than-human forces at the Bread Loaf School of English. The oldest professional development institution of its kind, the Bread Loaf School of English has invited teachers to spend six-weeks each summer studying at its mountain campus since the summer of 1920. When the physical campus was forced to close indefinitely on the eve of its one-hundredth anniversary at the start of the pandemic, the loss of this physical space prompted meditations on over a century of institutional tradition as teachers shared their stories of the mountain campus. Bread Loaf’s landscape is teeming with narrative—stories that blossom like wildflowers each summer before fading with the coming winter. Within those narratives, like the Deleuzoguattarian “orchid and wasp,” the human and non-human transform one another in an intra-active entanglement of bodies. What happens when we pause and attempt to follow the threads of these entangled narratives in order to better understand how more-than-human bodies meet, collide, and contaminate one another over time to constitute the assemblage of the Bread Loaf School of English? The rich tapestry that begins to unfold offers a model for more-than-human storytelling well beyond the mountain, spanning the manifold landscapes teachers return to at the end of the summer.

The pervasiveness of sexual violence on college campuses poses a significant problem for students and administrations that seek to promote healthy, safe, and equitable access to higher education. Although federal legislation under Title IX prohibits sexual violence as a form of gender discrimination, cultural climates that promote sexual violence—or rape cultures - continue to inform student experiences on college campuses. This thesis roots the discourse on campus sexual violence in the specific localized context at Scripps College. As a women’s college situated in a small, interconnected consortium of co-ed liberal arts colleges, the case of Scripps College raises critical questions about the ways in which gender and sexism play out on women’s bodies, and influence students’ experiences with embodiment on campus. In this thesis, I present a feminist analysis of the current institutional policies that address sexual violence on campus, in addition to the perspectives of eight student activists currently involved in gender justice work at Scripps College. Due to the fact that each of the Claremont Colleges, including Scripps, is currently in the process of re-evaluating their policies and grievance procedures that address sexual violence on campus, now is a key time to reflect on the past, present, and future of the Claremont Colleges and the role that these institutions play in either deconstructing or reinforcing patriarchal structures of power.

The pervasiveness of sexual violence on college campuses poses a significant problem for students and administrations that seek to promote healthy, safe, and equitable access to higher education. Although federal legislation under Title IX prohibits sexual violence as a form of gender discrimination, cultural climates that promote sexual violence—or rape cultures - continue to inform student experiences on college campuses. This thesis roots the discourse on campus sexual violence in the specific localized context at Scripps College. As a women’s college situated in a small, interconnected consortium of co-ed liberal arts colleges, the case of Scripps College raises critical questions about the ways in which gender and sexism play out on women’s bodies, and influence students’ experiences with embodiment on campus. In this thesis, I present a feminist analysis of the current institutional policies that address sexual violence on campus, in addition to the perspectives of eight student activists currently involved in gender justice work at Scripps College. Due to the fact that each of the Claremont Colleges, including Scripps, is currently in the process of re-evaluating their policies and grievance procedures that address sexual violence on campus, now is a key time to reflect on the past, present, and future of the Claremont Colleges and the role that these institutions play in either deconstructing or reinforcing patriarchal structures of power.

Large organizations such as Portland State University (PSU) play an important role in the environmental impact and sustainability of a city, EcoDistrict and region. Through their resource use and operations, such organizations can assist in mitigating environmental damage, as well as educate their members and community. PSU does not currently have any formal policies that support sustainable operations, and there is room to improve the sustainability of campus operations. Feedback from PSU employees was solicited through two surveys, and these data were qualitatively analyzed to identify salient organizational issues that may serve to inhibit implementation of sustainable operations at PSU. Findings revealed the following: lack of collaboration, connectivity, and information sharing between departments and levels of the organization's hierarchy, and a perceived lack of top-down support in the form of operational sustainability guidance, policies, and resources. The PSU Green Team program and Climate Action Plan Implementation Team (CAP-IT) may offer opportunities to address these shortcomings, and if supported and well-utilized, these existing structures have the potential to promote sustainable operations and EcoDistrict development at PSU.

[pt] Esse trabalho se dedica a uma análise de ordem projetual e construtiva do Pavilhão João Lyra Filho, edifício principal do Campus Francisco Negrão de Lima, sede da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). O campus, objeto de um concurso realizado pela Universidade em 1968, no qual os arquitetos Flávio Marinho Rêgo e Luiz Paulo Conde foram os vencedores, tem origem em um período de transição da arquitetura moderna brasileira e de expansão da estrutura voltada para o ensino superior no Brasil e no mundo. Nesse período, surgem no cenário internacional propostas inovadoras de campi que dialogam com a ideia de megaestrutura. Stefan Muthesius, autor do livro The postwar university: Utopianist campus and college, publicado no ano 2000, reconhece esses campi como single structure campus, em uma tradução livre campus de estrutura única. Essa classificação remete à campi em que o complexo programa universitário se concentra majoritariamente em um único edifício. Nesses casos, campus e edifício se confundem em uma única estrutura, impossibilitando dissociarmos um do outro. / [en] This work is dedicated to an analysis of the design and construction order of the João Lyra Filho Pavilion, the main building on the Francisco Negrão de Lima Campus, headquarters of the Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). The campus, the object of a competition held by the University in 1968, in which the architects Flávio Marinho Rêgo and Luiz Paulo Conde were the winners, has its origins in a period of transition of modern Brazilian architecture and expansion of the structure aimed at higher education in Brazil. During this period, innovative proposals for campuses that dialogue with the idea of megastructure emerged on the international scene. Stefan Muthesius, author of the book The postwar university: Utopianist campus and college, published in 2000, recognizes these campuses as single structure campus. This classification refers to campuses such as UERJ, where the complex university program is concentrated in a single building, in the case of the University in the João Lyra Filho Pavilion. In these cases, campus and building are confused in a single structure, making it impossible for us to dissociate from each other.

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