The use of micro controllers in automotive application have exploded during the last half century. What was initially a set of mechanical systems that formed a vehicle have now become a collection of computers on wheels. The reason is quite obvious: micro controllers use several inputs to optimize the performance of systems; for example an engine control or an active safety system.The different inputs and outputs to these electronic units (electronic control unit, ECU) are of interest to other such units thereby justifying the need of inter-ECU communications. The Controller Area Network (CAN) bus has been developed to facilitate this communication. It is a message based protocol and is very resilient. It is however relatively slow and limited in terms of security. Security is assured only by trying to keep the message identification tags confidential and the bus physically separated to other network. A couple of decades ago our society embraced the Information Technology (IT) revolution. It allowed people to have extensive access to information. From a technology point of view, IT is based on the use of the Internet, which has been initially designed by the US military for robust applications. It is fast and its security is sufficiently high that we use it to communicate with our banks where we keep all our life savings.The aim of this thesis has been to combine these technologies such that a vehicle with a CAN bus could offer services (just like a bank does) over the Internet. The goal then is to transform a CAN bus to become a service provider over the Internet. The services are the broadcasted CAN messages made available to authorized interested parties and can post information and actuations to the ECUs connected to the CAN bus. A vehicle in that case becomes a cyber physical system. To make this transformation possible, we use the open source Arrowhead Framework, which is based on a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). The available services are made known via a Service Registry and Orchestration service prosumers. Concretely, the work in this thesis project has been to develop (i.e., to design and implement) a CAN service prosumer that is Arrowhead Framework compliant. It has been successfully tested with another service prosumer, which is an Arrowhead Framework compliant data logger. The driving motivation for the thesis project are construction equipment machines, such as wheel loaders and excavators, which are vehicles with booms or arms. The aspiration is that they not only drive autonomously but also dig autonomously. This ambition shall require large amount of data to be exchanged, something that a CAN bus cannot handle.

Padrões internacionais baseados no protocolo de comunicação digital serial CAN - Controller Area Network - têm sido elaborados e adotados em aplicações que utilizam eletrônica embarcada em máquinas e implementos agrícolas. No Brasil, a aplicação do CAN é restrita a máquinas e implementos importados. Verifica-se também, a necessidade de fornecer subsídios e auxílio às pequenas e médias indústrias nacionais de equipamentos agrícolas, para que estas possam oferecer equipamentos compatíveis no mercado, através da implementação desses padrões em seus produtos. Este trabalho apresenta a pesquisa de circuitos integrados, transceptores, dispositivos de instrumentação mais elaborados (receptores GPS, computadores embarcáveis, computadores portáteis, rádios digitais e atuadores e sensores inteligentes) e protocolos de alto nível para o desenvolvimento de sistemas baseados no CAN. A sistematização dos resultados origina um documento referencial prático do CAN para projetos de máquinas e implementos agrícolas, e para automação de sistemas agrícolas, como estufas, sistemas de irrigação e criadouros. / International standards based on the digital data communication protocol CAN - Controller Area Network - are being developed and applied to embedded electronics in agricultural and environmental area to integrate different devices. In Brazil, the application of CAN is restricted to imported machines. Small and medium manufactures also need some support to apply this technology and offer compatible equipment to the market. This work present the searching of integrated circuits, transducers, elaborated devices (GPS receivers, embedded computers, handled computers, digital radios and intelligent sensors and actuators) and high level protocols for the development CAN based systems. The systematization of the results generate a practical reference documentation of CAN for agricultural machinery (tractor, combine and implements) designs and agricultural automation designs, such as irrigation, greenhouse and livestock systems.

The thesis called Second Grade Elementary School Students' Knowledge about Children Abuse is divided into two parts. The theoretical part, which consists of one main chapter, deals with the forms of Child Abuse and Neglect (CAN) syndrome, its manifestations and consequences. Each of the forms listed is supplemented by a typical behaviour of the children who have been victims of CAN. The thesis also summarizes the development of CAN syndrome term and possible causes of abuse. The thesis includes information on basic children rights and abuse prevention. The final part of the thesis emphasizes authorities responsible for safeguarding children. The practical part of the thesis contains research results. The objective of this part was to find out the depth of the lower secondary pupils' knowledge on physical and psychological abuse. The research suggests that the pupils were equally aware of physical and psychological abuse. The method used for the research was a questionnaire followed by data comparison. Furthermore, the research has observed that the pupils have personal experience with physical and psychological abuse and punishment. Pupils are punished primarily by their mothers for insolence and back talking. The most frequent kind of punishment is that the children are forbidden the use a PC or...

Ankstesni tyrimai, susiję su laikinėmis sinapsinio efektyvumo pasikeitimo taisyklėmis per nuo veikimo potencialų poravimo priklausantį plastiškumą, praktiškai nekreipė jokio dėmesio į neuronų erdvines savybes. Mes nagrinėjame nuo kalcio/kalmodulino priklausančią kinazę II (CaMKII) ir kalcineuriną (CaN) artimuosiuose ir tolimuosiuose spygliuose bei jų įtaką ilgalaikei potenciacijai ir ilgalaikei depresijai. Tyrimų metu buvo atskleista, kad esant neigiamam veikimo potencialų laiko poravimui tolimoje sinapsėje gali vykti ilgalaikė potenciacija, tuo tarpu artimajame spyglyje visi procesai vyksta remiantis klasikinėmis sinapsinio plastiškumo taisyklėmis. Gauti rezultatai teigia, kad sinapsės vieta dendritiniame medyje yra lemiamas veiksnys nuo veikimo potencialų laikų poravimo priklausančiame sinapsiniame plastiškume. / Previous studies focusing on the temporal rules governing changes in synaptic efficacy during spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) have paid little attention to spatial characteristics of neurons. We analyze the activity of calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and phosphatase calcineurin (CaN) in proximal and distal spines and their impact on long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). During tests we found that at negative timing of action potentials in distal spine synapse can undergo LTP while in proximal spine the processes follow the classic STDP rules. Our results suggest that synapse location within the dendritic tree is a crucial determinant of STDP.

Bakgrund: Cancer är en sjukdom där både behandlingen och sjukdomen kan påverka och begränsa den drabbade personens vardag. Det finns evidens för att regelbunden fysisk aktivitet eller motion har en lindrande effekt på sjukdomens symptom och cancerbehandlingens biverkningar.   Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur personer med diagnostiserad cancer upplever sin livskvalitet, fysiska funktion samt om humöret påverkas i samband med adjuvant cancerbehandling. Syftet med studien är även att undersöka dessa patienters möjlighet till träning, vad som kan underlätta och motivera till träning samt vilka svårigheter och hinder till träning och annan fysisk aktivitet som finns.   Metod: Studien är en kvalitativ semistrukturerad intervjustudie av fokusgrupper där cancerdrabbade personer som genomgår eller har genomgått adjuvant behandling blivit intervjuade om deras erfarenheter och upplevelser av vardagliga aktiviteter och träning.   Huvudresultat: De vanligaste upplevelserna som deltagarna uttryckte var: en sorts trötthetskänsla, koncentrationssvårigheter, nedstämdhet, oro samt minskad livskvalitet till följd av bland annat minskad matglädje och sjukdomsinsikt.   Vanliga hinder som deltagarna upplevde var otillräcklig energi, dålig motivation eller risken att känna sig obekväm i en träningsmiljö. Möjligheter och faktorer som underlättade till träning upplevde deltagarna var fasta rutiner, att tycka om träningsformen samt att ha inställningen att träning underlättar vardagen.   Slutsats: För att hjälpa cancerdrabbade personer i deras tillvaro bör det läggas ner mer tid och energi till att motivera personen till en mer positiv vardag. Detta leder då till att denne själv kan inse vilka möjligheter som finns till fysisk aktivitet och att personen inte bara ser problem som kan kännas övermäktiga utan istället fokusera på lösningarna till dessa problem. / Background: Cancer is a disease in which both the treatment and the disease itself, can affect and limit the person's daily life. Evidence shows that regular physical activity or exercise has a diminishing effect on both the symptoms of the disease and the side effects caused by treatment. Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate how people with diagnosed cancer perceive their quality of life, physical function and mood during adjuvant cancer treatment. It will also find out what may facilitate, motivate but also the possible difficulties for these people to exercise and to do physical activity.   Method: The study is a qualitative semi- structured interview study of focus groups where cancer patients, who are undergoing or have undergone adjuvant treatment, were interviewed about their experiences of everyday living and exercise.   Results: The most common experiences that the participants expressed were: tiredness, concentration difficulties, sadness, anxiety and reduced quality of life due to reduced enjoyment of food and realization of their illness.   Common obstacles for training that participants faced were lack of energy, lack of motivation and the fact that they felt uncomfortable in training environments. Factors that facilitated the possibilities of training were fixed routines, enjoyment of the exercise form and to have an understanding that training could make life with cancer easier.   Conclusion: In order to help cancer patients cope with their situation, there should be more time and energy spent on motivating the person towards a more positive view of life. This would lead to creating a realization of the already existing possibilities for physical activity. The person should also not only look for the problems that may seem overpowering but instead focus on the solutions to these problems. / Phys-Can

Η ραγδαία αύξηση της πολυπλοκότητας των συστημάτων σε ολοκληρωμένα κυκλώματα (System-on-Chip, SoC), η πίεση του χρόνου για την είσοδό τους στην αγορά, καθώς και το υψηλό κόστος της διαδικασίας σχεδίασης και παραγωγής τους, έχει οδηγήσει τη βιομηχανία ανάπτυξης συστημάτων SoC στην κατεύθυνση της επαναχρησιμοποίησης «πυρήνων πνευματικής ιδιοκτησίας» (intellectual property cores), αλλά και στην αύξηση της αφαιρετικότητας της σχεδίασης, από το επίπεδο καταχωρητών (Register Transfer Level, RTL) στο επίπεδο του συστήματος (Electronic System Level Design, ESL). Η αύξηση αυτή της αφαιρετικότητας επιτυγχάνεται σήμερα, κατεξοχήν, με τη μεθοδολογία μοντελοποίησης συστημάτων SystemC TLM. Η μέθοδος αυτή μοντελοποιεί, κυρίως, την επικοινωνία μεταξύ των δομικών στοιχείων του συστήματος, δημιουργώντας ένα μοντέλο του συστήματος εύκολο στην κατασκευή, ταχείας εξομοίωσης και έτοιμο από τα πρώτα στάδια της σχεδίασης. Τα SystemC TLM μοντέλα ενός SoC δίνουν έτσι τη δυνατότητα να γίνει ανάλυση της απόδοσης του, αρχιτεκτονική του εξερεύνηση, επιβεβαίωση της λειτουργίας του καθώς επίσης και ανάπτυξη του λογισμικού που θα τρέχει πάνω σε αυτό, νωρίς στη διαδικασία σχεδίασης Στα πλαίσια αυτής της εργασίας αναπτύχθηκε ένα SystemC TLM μοντέλο του ελεγκτή CAN (CAN Controller). Ο ελεγκτής αυτός χρησιμοποιείται για την επικοινωνία μικροελεγκτών μέσω ενός σειριακού διαύλου (CAN Bus). Τα πλεονεκτήματα ενός δικτύου CAN είναι πολλά όπως, χαμηλή πολυπλοκότητα, μεγάλες ταχύτητες επικοινωνίας (έως 1Mbps), καλό μηχανισμό διαχείρισης σφαλμάτων, κ.α. Ο ελεγκτής που χρησιμοποιήθηκε ως αναφορά για την ανάπτυξη του μοντέλου αλλά και για συγκριτικά tests, είναι αυτός που έχει αναπτυχθεί από την Ευρωπαϊκή Υπηρεσία Διαστήματος (ESA) στα πλαίσια του προγράμματος HurriCANe. / The rapidly increasing complexity of systems in integrated circuits (System-on-Chip, SoC), time-to-market pressure, as well as the high cost of the development process, has led the SoC industry to the reuse of intellectual property cores and the increase of the design abstraction, from the Register Transfer Level (RTL) to the system level (Electronic System Level Design, ESL). This increase in abstraction is succeeded today, predominantly, with SystemC TLM modeling systems methodology. This method is, basically, modeling the communication between the components of a system, creating this way an, easy to make, with fast simulation and ready from the first stages of the design flow, model. So, the SystemC TLM model of a SoC gives the ability to commit performance analysis, architectural exploration, functional verification as well as embedded software development, early in the design process. Part of this work is the development of a SystemC TLM model of the CAN Controller. The controller is used for the communication of microcontroller via a serial bus (CAN Bus). The advantages of a CAN network are many, like low complexity, high speed communication (up to 1Mbps), good error management mechanism, etc. The CAN controller used as a reference model for the development process and for the comparative tests , is the one developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) under the program HurriCANe.

The diploma thesis deals with health and social impacts of child abuse and its prevention from the perspective of social workers. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis draws on scholarly resources and explains basic terms related to the topic. The first part focuses on violence, victims of violence and abuse in general. The second part describes the CAN syndrome and its history. Moreover, it informs about general attitude towards abuse, maltreatment and neglect in the society. The next chapter concentrates on risk factors of abuse, maltreatment and neglect respectively. The following part addresses health and social impacts of child abuse and the role of social workers when working with child victims of violence. Next, it focuses on legislation that deals with child abuse and services designated to help abused, neglected and maltreated children. The last section of the theoretical part concentrates on child abuse prevention that includes prevention programs and National Strategy on Prevention of Violence against Children in the Czech Republic for the period 2008-2018. The main aim of the thesis was to determine health and social impacts of violence and child abuse prevention from the perspective of a social worker. Next, three following sub-goals were specified: to identify the consequences of child abuse, to determine opinions of social workers on prevention of violence against children and to establish social workers' suggestions for prevention. To fulfill the aforementioned objectives, three research questions were defined: What are the health and social impacts of child abuse from the perspective of social workers? What is the subjective opinion of social workers on child abuse prevention? What are the suggestions and recommendations of social workers for violence prevention? The practical part was conducted by means of qualitative research strategy. The data were collected by a survey method, specifically by a semi-structured interview. The data were analyzed using a clustering method. The research group consisted of five respondents who were selected intentionally. The research group was chosen from the Registry of social services providers. Altogether seven organizations working with abused, maltreated and neglected children were selected. A social worker from each of these seven organizations was contacted. Consequently, five social workers agreed to participate in the research. These social workers were from the Authority of Social and Legal Protection of Children and from other non-governmental organizations. Two other social workers refused to take part in the research. The interviews were always held in the social workers' workplace. The research survey showed that the most common health and social impacts of child abuse are self-harm, mental disorders, identification with the role of a bully and problems in the future relationships. Most respondents stated that prevention of violence against children is sufficient but they added that there is still room for improvement. One respondent said that the level of prevention is inadequate because the process is uncoordinated and coherent methodology as well as continuous approach to children is missing. Furthermore, the research established that the respondents think it is vital to improve child abuse prevention by developing comprehensive methodology and integrating this topic to the school curriculum. All in all, the thesis focuses on a widely discussed topic child abuse is a worldwide up-to-date problem since it occurs very frequently. The purpose of this diploma thesis could be to call attention of the society to child abuse and inform about its occurrence. Next, this thesis could also prove useful in the area of child abuse prevention since it might serve as an information source for experts who deal with prevention of violence against children. It may also motivate people to improve current prevention methods.

The subject of this thesis is the Nursing Care of Children with Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect Syndrome (CAN). The child abuse and neglect syndrome is one of the most serious transgressions committed against children in today?s society. One of the most important steps is to reveal, or just suspect, CAN Syndrome and follow this up with comprehensive child care. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical sections. The theoretical section deals with a historic look at child care, the different forms of abuse and neglect, a clinical picture of CAN Syndrome, the examination of a child, nursing care, the role of a nurse, the treatment of CAN, and finally the incidence and prevention of CAN. Five objectives were laid down in the thesis. The first objective was to map the specific aspects of the nursing care of children suspected of having CAN Syndrome. Two research questions were posed regarding this objective: What are the aspects of the nursing care of children suspected of having CAN Syndrome? And the second research question: In which cases are nursing care of children suspected of having CAN Syndrome specific aspects adhered to? The second objective was to determine whether health care workers are able to recognise the indications of CAN Syndrome. The third objective was to assess the theoretical and practical knowledge of health care workers when treating children suspected of having CAN Syndrome. The last two objectives were to create a standard of nursing care for children suspected of having CAN Syndrome and to determine the frequency of the incidence of CAN Syndrome. Three hypotheses were set forth regarding the research objectives: H1 The informedness of paediatric nurses about CAN Syndrome is greater than the informedness of other health care workers, H2 The informedness of university-educated health care workers is greater than health care workers with a secondary school education, H3 The informedness of health care workers with more experience is greater than the informedness of health care workers with less. In order to achieve the laid down objectives, quantitative and qualitative research was conducted. The results of the research can be utilised as a source of information for health care workers for the further improvement of nursing care and as educational materials for the teaching of future health care workers. The output of this thesis is a nursing care standard, which according to the results of the research would be welcomed by a majority of the respondents and which would assist nursing staff in the diagnosis and care of a child with CAN syndrome.

La région andine est un territoire constitué par quatre pays d'Amérique Latine : la Bolivie, la Colombie, l'Equateur et le Pérou, regroupés au sein d'une même association régionale, le Pacte Andin, depuis 1969. Ce Pacte porte l'appellation de Communauté Andine des Nations (CAN), depuis 1996. L'objectif de la thèse est de qualifier le processus régional actuellement à l´œuvre dans la CAN, en utilisant comme point de départ la typologie des processus régionaux établie par Figuière et Guilhot (2006, 2007, 2009) qui permet de distinguer et de qualifier les deux piliers de l'intégration économique régionale : l'intensification des flux économiques intra régionaux et l'institutionnalisation des relations interétatiques, soit, la régionalisation et le régionalisme. L'analyse va permettre de montrer que, si des nombreuses institutions aux vocations très variées ont vu le jour dans la CAN au fil de quatre décennies, la part des échanges intra régionaux n'est quant à elle pas parvenue à franchir le seuil des 10% sur cette période. Ces résultats témoignent d'une part, de la mise en place progressive d'un régionalisme en profondeur, dans la mesure où les réglementations qui sont élaborées par les institutions régionales provoquent l'harmonisation de pratiques à l'intérieur des Etats-nations, et d'autre part, de l'absence d'une véritable régionalisation. Le processus actuellement à l'œuvre au sein de la CAN ne peut donc être qualifié d'intégration économique régionale (IER). L´attraction exercée par l´économie américaine constitue l´un des facteurs explicatifs de ce décalage entre le processus institutionnel régionale plus sophistiqué et une régionalisation qui ne démarre pas. / Andean region consists of four Latin American countries: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru unified within a regional association, Andean Pact, in 1969, that became the Andean Community of Nations (CAN) in 1996. The purpose of this thesis is to identify the regional process that is actually being implemented within CAN. In this aim, we use the typology of regional processes established by Figuière and Guilhot (2006, 2007, and 2009) as the starting point of analysis. This analytical framework leads to identify two distinct pillars in regional economic integration: intensification of intra-regional economic flows and institutionalization of interstate relations, namely regionalism and regionalization. This analysis will show that, even though numerous institutions with various purposes emerged within CAN during the last four decades, the proportion of intra-regional trade did not exceed 10% during this period. These results reflect on the one hand, the phase-in of regionalism in depth, insofar as the regulations that are developed by regional institutions cause the harmonization of practices within nation States, and on the other hand, the absence of a genuine regionalization.. On the other hand, they point to a lack of a sound regionalization. Therefore the ongoing CAN process cannot be qualified as a regional economic integration (IER). This discrepancy between a more sophisticated regional institutional framework and a regionalization that does not take off may partially be explained by the significant economic attractiveness of the US economy.

Padrões internacionais baseados no protocolo de comunicação digital serial CAN - Controller Area Network - têm sido elaborados e adotados em aplicações que utilizam eletrônica embarcada em máquinas e implementos agrícolas. No Brasil, a aplicação do CAN é restrita a máquinas e implementos importados. Verifica-se também, a necessidade de fornecer subsídios e auxílio às pequenas e médias indústrias nacionais de equipamentos agrícolas, para que estas possam oferecer equipamentos compatíveis no mercado, através da implementação desses padrões em seus produtos. Este trabalho apresenta a pesquisa de circuitos integrados, transceptores, dispositivos de instrumentação mais elaborados (receptores GPS, computadores embarcáveis, computadores portáteis, rádios digitais e atuadores e sensores inteligentes) e protocolos de alto nível para o desenvolvimento de sistemas baseados no CAN. A sistematização dos resultados origina um documento referencial prático do CAN para projetos de máquinas e implementos agrícolas, e para automação de sistemas agrícolas, como estufas, sistemas de irrigação e criadouros. / International standards based on the digital data communication protocol CAN - Controller Area Network - are being developed and applied to embedded electronics in agricultural and environmental area to integrate different devices. In Brazil, the application of CAN is restricted to imported machines. Small and medium manufactures also need some support to apply this technology and offer compatible equipment to the market. This work present the searching of integrated circuits, transducers, elaborated devices (GPS receivers, embedded computers, handled computers, digital radios and intelligent sensors and actuators) and high level protocols for the development CAN based systems. The systematization of the results generate a practical reference documentation of CAN for agricultural machinery (tractor, combine and implements) designs and agricultural automation designs, such as irrigation, greenhouse and livestock systems.