Objective: Rare co-existance of disease or pathology Background: The lipid-rich variant is a rare and aggressive type of urothelial carcinoma (UCa), with less than 40 cases reported in the literature. This variant usually presents as an advanced-stage primary tumor. Case Report: We report the case of a 61-year-old man with previous history of T1 high-grade conventional urothelial carcinoma treated with local therapy. The patient later presented with a new 6.5-cm exophytic bladder mass. Histopathological examination revealed a T2 urothelial carcinoma of the lipid-rich variant. Retrospective review of the previous biopsies confirmed conventional high-grade urothelial car0cinoma, but scattered rare individual or small clusters of cells that resemble the lipid-rich variant urothelial carcinoma were also noted. Conclusions: The findings in this case suggest that the differential sensitivity of conventional urothelial carcinoma to local therapy may have allowed the lipid-rich variant to predominate in the recurrence. Pathologists should be aware of the lipid-rich variant of urothelial carcinoma. The prognostic significance of rare lipoblast-like cells among predominantly conventional urothelial carcinoma may requires further study.

No description available.

No description available.

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a pathogenic member of the Reoviridae family. BTV does not cause disease in humans, but is capable of selectively infecting and killing certain transformed human cell lines. Understanding BTV's oncotrophism may lead to new therapeutics for treating cancer. This study focused on the underlying mechanisms of BTV-induced cell death in carcinoma cell lines. It was our hypothesis that BTV infects human carcinoma transformed cells, produces mRNA and protein, induces a strong inflammatory response, induces mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)-based pro-apoptotic signaling, inhibits PKB-based signaling, and eventually kills the cell by inducing apoptosis. Three carcinoma cell lines (A498, HEP-G2, and A549) were independently infected with BTV. In each cell line we determined: (1) cell viability over the course of infection; (2) BTV induced cytokine expression profile and magnitude of expression; (3) BTV viral RNA expression profile and magnitude of expression; (4) BTV viral protein expression profile and magnitude of expression; (5) changes in BTV induced cell death and cytokine expression in cells with protein kinase B (PKB), p38-MAPK, extracellular receptor kinase (ERK-1/2), stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK-JNK), Src kinase, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) kinase, epidermal growth factor receptor (EDGFR) kinase, or Janus kinase (JAK) activity inhibited; (6) intracellular changes in PKB, p38-MAPK, ERK-1/2, and SAPK-JNK phosphorylation as a result of BTV infection; and (7) BTV-induced changes in tyrosine phosphorylation. We determined that BTV infects and kills all three cell lines in a cell line dependent manner. Relative cell death between cell lines was proportional to cytokine expression, but inversely proportional to viral protein expression. Only tyrosine kinase inhibitors influenced BTV-induced cell death and cytokine expression. Both A498 and A549 cells constitutively expressed phosphorylated PKB and p38 MAPK, of which both were de-phosphorylated during BTV infection. Tyrosine phosphorylation remained active, with elevated tyrosine phosphorylation exclusively in infected cells. We conclude that BTV-induced cell death and cytokine expression are a function of the cell's response to infection and are directly related through intracellular signaling. These pathways are only partially poly I:C inducible, but include PKB and tyrosine kinase signaling.

Abstract Integrin-linked Kinase (ILK) is an integrin-associated protein kinase, which regulates growth factor-signalling pathways and cell-ECM adhesion events. Abrogated ILK expression or activity has been implicated in contributing to oncogenic transformation. We examined the role played by ILK in growth factor-stimulated and integrin signalling events in five human oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (HOSCCs), known to overexpress the EGF receptor. Western blot analysis revealed the presence of ILK (59kDa) in all the moderately differentiated HOSCC lines. ILK1 was confirmed as being the predominant isoform. Densitometrically analysed Western blots showed that, per unit of protein, ILK is expressed uniformly across the cell lines under standard culture conditions. Following EGF (10 ng/ml) and TGFβ1 (1 ng/ml) treatment, ILK expression increased in all five HOSCCs. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy showed the majority of ILK to localise at a cytoplasmic/nuclear level, with a proportion of ILK localising at the membrane, which resembled the distribution pattern of the β3 integrin subunit. This membranal distribution most likely follows that of the adhesion plaques although lesser, and variable, amounts were also identified throughout the cytoplasm. The functionality of the ILK1 kinase domain was demonstrated using myelin basic protein (MBP)-based kinase assays. EGF and TGFβ1 treatment produced an increase in ILK activity in the WHCO3 cell line of 3.5 fold, but a decrease in activity in the other cell lines, which are suggested to involve the actions of PTEN. The identification of nuclear ILK was surprising, and the mechanism for nuclear ILK localisation was suggested to involve a caveolae-associated protein, caveolin-1. Cell adhesion assays revealed that KP-392-mediated inhibition of ILK resulted in a nonsignificant reduction in cell adhesion to collagen and fibronectin. These data provide distinctive evidence for the influence of growth factors on ILK expression, but a duality in the effect on ILK activity. This apparent dichotomy is noteworthy and may be of particular relevance in HOSCC. It is further suggested that KP-392-induced ILK inhibition destabilises the αβ integrin heterodimer and that PI3K acts upstream of ILK-mediated cell adhesion events in HOSCCs. This suggests that ILK mediates integrin associated processes in human oesophageal SCC cell lines.

A 65‐year‐old man presented with progessive dysphagia, which proved to be the first clinical manifestation of a periperal lung carcinoma (secondary to a submucosal metatasis in the esophagus). The lung tumor, hidden by the diaphragm on chest x‐ray, was not suspected until a thoracotomy was done. Although dysphagia is known to be the first manifestation of bron‐chogenic carcinomas, such presentation in a case of a peripheral lung carcinoma has not been well described. This case is reported with a review of the literature for cases with dysphagia secondary to a metastatic tumor in the esophagus.

The p63 transcription factor, a member of the p53 family, plays an oncogenic role in squamous cancers, while its expression is often repressed in breast cancers. In the canonical conserved Hippo pathway, known to play a complex role in regulating the growth of cancer cells, the protein kinases Mammalian Ste20 like kinases 1/2 (MST) and Large tumor suppressor kinases 1/2 (LATS) act sequentially to phosphorylate and inhibit the Yes-associated Protein/Transcriptional coactivator PDZ binding transcription factors (YAP/TAZ). We found that in the MCF10A mammary epithelial cell line and insquamous and breast cancer cell lines, expression of deltaNp63 RNA and protein is strongly repressed by inhibition of specific components of the Hippo pathway in a manner that is independent of p53. While the Hippo pathway protein kinases MST1/2 and LATS1 are required for p63 expression, the next step of the pathway namely phosphorylation and degradation of the YAP/TAZ transcriptional activators, is not required for repression of p63. This suggests that regulation of p63 expression occurs by a non-canonical version of the Hippo pathway. Interestingly, we observed that experimentally lowering p63 expression leads to increased Yes Associated Protein protein levels, thereby constituting a feedback loop. In addition, p63 loss reduces the growth of MCF10A and squamous cancer cell lines. These results, which reveal the intersection of the Hippo and p63 pathways, may prove useful for the control of their activities in cancer cells.

No description available.

No description available.

Objetivo: Identificar las características sociodemográficas y epidemiológicas del paciente con cáncer de piel diagnosticados en el servicio de anatomía patológica del Hospital Regional Lambayeque durante periodo enero del 2016 - diciembre del 2019. Métodos: La metodología empleada durante esta investigación estuvo basada en el diseño no experimental, descriptivo, de carácter retrospectivo, trasversal y observacional. Se incluyeron un total de 429 pacientes mayores de 18 años, diagnosticados con carcinoma cutáneo de tipo no melanoma (NPNM) y melanoma, mediante estudios anatomopatológicos de la lesión atendidos en Hospital Regional Lambayeque. La elección de la muestra fue mediante un muestreo no probabilístico de tipo censal, por la adaptabilidad al estudio. Resultados: De un total de 429 pacientes, 256(59,1%) tenían carcinoma basocelular (CBC), 146 (33,7%) carcinoma epidermoide (CsCC) y 31(7,2%) melanoma maligno cutáneo (MM). Siendo la edad promedio de aparición de 71 años en los NPNM y 62 años en el Melanoma Maligno Cutáneo, con predominio por el sexo femenino en el CBC y masculino en CsCC y MM. La ubicación anatómica más comprometida fue de la cabeza en los NPNM y miembros inferiores en MM, los cuales fueron identificadas mayormente por el servicio de Dermatología, seguido por Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello del hospital. Los años con mayor número de carcinomas cutáneos fueron el 2019 para CBC y 2018 para los dos restantes. Conclusiones: La población general presenta más riesgo de presentar carcinomas no melanómico y en menor número el melanoma maligno, el cual predomina en áreas fotoexpuestas del cuerpo. / Objective: To identify the sociodemographic and epidemiological characteristics of the patient with skin cancer diagnosed in the pathological anatomy service of the Lambayeque Regional Hospital during the period January 2016 - December 2019. Methods: The methodology used during this investigation was based on the non-experimental design, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional and observational. A total of 429 patients over 18 years of age were included, diagnosed with non-melanoma skin carcinoma (NPNM) and melanoma, through anatomopathological studies of the lesion treated at Hospital Regional Lambayeque. The selection of the sample was by means of a non-probabilistic sampling of the census type, due to the adaptability to the study. Results: Of a total of 429 patients, 256 (59.1%) had basal cell carcinoma (BCC), 146 (33.7%) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 31 (7.2%) cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM). Being the average age of appearance of 71 years in NPNM and 62 years in Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma, with a predominance of females in CBC and male in CsCC and MM. The most compromised anatomical location was the head in NPNM and lower limbs in MM, which were mostly identified by the Dermatology service, followed by Head and Neck Surgery at the hospital. The years with the highest number of skin carcinomas were 2019 for CBC and 2018 for the remaining two. Conclusions: The general population presents a higher risk of presenting non-melanoma carcinomas and a smaller number of malignant melanoma, which predominates in photo-exposed areas of the body.