An Abstract of the Thesis Adders are the core components in this present multimedia world. Data paths for media signal processing are built using adders and multipliers which can be reconfigured and used based on their word lengths. Reconfigurable adders have significant importance, because of increasing demand in multimedia devices such as cell phones, gaming consoles, music players etc. Our design is capable of processing data with variable word lengths without using any extra circuitry, the design is synthesis of 64 bit energy efficient reconfigurable adder which can perform one 64 bit, two 32 bit, four 16 bit and four 8 bit additions at a time. Our design uses carry skip adders so as to make the over all circuit work faster with less energy. In spite of having many faster adders such as carry propagation adder, carry look ahead adder, carry select adder and others, we choose carry skip adder because it uses less area and considerably less delay and energy. Our circuit has been designed as schematic in Xilinx and simulated using Modelsim synthesizer and was downloaded on an FPGA prototype board XSA Board V1.2. The power of the circuit is calculated using Xpower and delay, energy and energy delay product are compared with the Ripple carry adder. Table 1: Comparison table E=Energy(nJ) D=Delay(ns) E.D(nJ.ns) Ripple carry adder 12.16 155.92 1895.98 Designed adder 8.54 104.2 889.86 In this brief, the designed energy efficient reconfigurable adder is for multimedia designs minimizes the energy delay product, energy consumption, and delay considerably by using carry skip adder.

The carrying of concealed weapons for protection, specifically handguns, is a widely debated topic. This is especially true on college campuses following highly publicized mass shooting events. Researching students’ projected carrying behavior if legal on campus is important because it sheds light on the extent to which a concealed carry policy would be utilized in the university context, which has implications for public safety as well as student perceptions of safety. The scholarly literature indicates that White, Southern males who own guns are most likely to favor concealed carry policies. Donald Black’s theory of self-help (1983) and the collective security hypothesis (1987) frame this investigation by exploring whether students who feel that local law enforcement is ill equipped to protect them are more likely to say that they would utilize a concealed carry policy on campus as a measure of self-protection. Analyzing survey data from a Midwestern university In the Spring of 2009 with logistic regression, it is clear that the majority of students sampled are not in favor of a policy for carrying concealed firearms onto campus. As expected males and gun owners are significantly more likely to say they would carry concealed if legal. The interaction between gender and trust in law enforcement is also significant, indicating that males are more likely to say they would carry on campus relative to females as their level of confidence in law enforcement decreases. Overall, this research does not support Donald Black’s theory of self-help and the collective security hypothesis. In order to better test the theory of self-help and the collective security hypothesis, additional measures of the key variables are warranted in future research. In addition conducting a survey on projected carrying behavior with a nationally representative sample would aid understanding as to how the broader population of students in The United States would feel and behave if concealed carry were legal on their campus. Further investigation exploring why gender and law enforcement interact in predicting projected carry behavior is warranted.

Bakgrund: Träning och spel för många golfare sker på olika underlag, vilket gör att frågor väcks kring överförbarheten mellan järnslag från konstgräs till järnslag från naturgräs. Tillgången till information om underlagets påverkan på ett golfslag är begränsad och det finns ingen tillgänglig vetenskaplig forskning som har undersökt om konstgräs kan påverka ett golfslag annorlunda jämfört med naturgräs. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka om carry och slaglängd i ett golfslag skiljer sig åt mellan naturgräs och konstgräs. Metod: Tre golfspelare med ett handicap <15 deltog i studien. Trackman användes för att mäta data från 30 slag på naturgräs och 30 slag på konstgräs. Insamlad data analyserades i SPSS med ett paired sample t-test. Resultat: Det var en signifikant skillnad i carry och slaglängd, som båda var längre på naturgräs (p<0.001; p=0.007). Bollhastighet var högre på naturgräs (p=0.024) medan spin rate var högre på konstgräs (p=0.042). Slutsats: Resultatet från studien visar att det finns en skillnad i bollflykt mellan underlagen, där carry och slaglängd är längre på naturgräs jämfört med konstgräs. Då antalet variabler som kan påverka slaglängden är många krävs det vidare forskning för att kunna generalisera resultatet.

[pt] A teoria da paridade da taxa de juros relaciona os mercados cambiais com os mercados financeiros internacionais. A paridade descoberta da taxa de juros considera que a rentabilidade esperada dos títulos domésticos e estrangeiros é a mesma; no entanto, diversos testes empíricos demonstraram que esta teoria não é válida no curto prazo. Esta não-verificação possibilitou a criação de uma estratégia financeira, o carry trade, que acontece quando se toma emprestado dinheiro em países com baixas taxas de juros para aplicá-lo em países onde as taxas de juros são maiores. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar a validade da condição de paridade de juros entre as taxas brasileira e americana, e investigar a relação deste carry trade com variáveis financeiras relacionadas: a taxa de câmbio real-dólar, o diferencial entre as taxas de juros dos Estados Unidos e do Brasil, os mercados acionários nos dois países, e o sentimento do investidor no mercado brasileiro. A análise empírica foi realizada através dos modelos MQO (Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários), GMM (Generalized Method of Moments) e SVAR (Structural Vector Autoregression). / [en] Interest rate parity theory relates exchange rate markets to international financial markets. The Uncovered interest rate parity condition considers the expected returns of investing in domestic or foreign assets to be equal; even so, empirical tests show this theory cannot be verified on the short run. This enabled a profitable strategy, the carry trade, which consists in borrowing money in a low interest rate currency and investing in bonds in a high interest rate currency. This study tries to verify the interest rate parity condition between Brazilian and American interest rates, and investigate the relationship among this carry trade and related financial variables: the real-dollar exchange rate, the interest rates differential, the stock markets in the two countries and the investor’s sentiment in the Brazilian market. Empirical analysis used the models OLS (Ordinary Least squares), GMM (Generalized Method of Moments) and SVAR (Structural Vector Autoregression).

[pt] O presente trabalho visa verificar a operação de carry trade. A lucratividade desta operação é observada quando a diferença de taxa de juros entre os dois países em análise é maior que a variação cambial do período. A verificação da operação, conforme literatura do tema, é realizada através do modelo de paridade descoberta de taxa de juros (PDTJ). A rejeição do modelo, vista através de regressão, possibilita a aceitação da lucratividade da operação. Este estudo, portanto, analisa esta operação entre o Brasil, país de alta taxa de juros e Estados Unidos, país de baixa taxa de juros. Ademais, o estudo visa analisar a operação em um momento de instabilidade econômica, período de 2005 a 2016, no qual consta a crise de 2008 que impactou fortemente as duas economias. / [en] The present work aims to check the carry trade operation. The profitability of this operation is observed when the interest rate difference between the two countries under analysis is greater than the exchange variation for the same period. The literature of carry trade is verified through the uncovered interest rate parity model (UIP). Rejection of the model, performed through regression, makes it possible to accept the profitability of the operation. This study, therefore, analyzes this operation between Brazil, a country with high interest rates and the United States, a country with low interest rates. In addition, the study aims to analyze the operation in a time of economic instability, from 2005 to2016, which includes the crisis of 2008 that strongly impacted the two economies.

Orientador: Ricardo de Medeiros Carneiro / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T17:54:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rossi_PedroLinhares_D.pdf: 4297083 bytes, checksum: 33b97eae12f2aac6ebb9ee4ebf0cd707 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Essa Tese procura desenvolver as especificidades da formação da taxa de câmbio brasileira tendo em conta fatores microeconômicos do mercado de câmbio como as instituições, os agentes, a regulamentação, as formas de especulação e os canais de arbitragem entre os diferentes mercados. Identifica-se na especulação com moedas, protagonizada pelo carry trade, um elemento de distorção cambial em diversas economias do sistema e, em especial, na economia brasileira. As conclusões do trabalho apontam para centralidade do mercado de derivativos e do carry trade na dinâmica cambial brasileira recente, onde se destacam o papel dos estrangeiros e investidores institucionais na formação de tendências no mercado de câmbio futuro, e dos bancos que transmitem essa pressão especulativa para o mercado à vista ao realizarem ganhos de arbitragem. Em certo sentido, propõe-se uma hierarquia entre os mercados de câmbio, onde o mercado futuro, impulsionado pelo mercado offshore, condiciona a formação de posições no mercado interbancário, assim como a liquidez no mercado à vista. Dessa forma, identifica-se uma determinação financeira da taxa de câmbio que distorce sistematicamente a trajetória cambial e condiciona a atuação desse preço macroeconômico como mecanismo de ajustamento e como ferramenta para o desenvolvimento econômico / Abstract: This Dissertation aims to develop the specificities of Brazilian exchange rate formation taking into account the microeconomic factors of the foreign exchange market as institutions, agents, regulations, forms and channels of speculation and arbitrage between different markets. It is identified in currency speculation, led by the carry trade, an element of exchange rate distortion in several economies and, in particular, in the Brazilian economy. The conclusions of this study points the centrality of the derivatives market and the carry trade in recent Brazilian exchange rate dynamics, where can be highlighted the role of foreign and institutional investors in the formation of trends in exchange rate future market, and the role of banks responsible for transmitting the speculative pressure to the spot market in order to realize arbitrage gains. In a sense, we propose a hierarchy among exchange rate markets, where the futures market, driven by the offshore market, implies the formation of positions in the interbank market, as well as the spot market liquidity. Thus, it identifies a financial determination of exchange rate that systematically distorts the exchange rate trajectory and limits the performance of this macroeconomic price as an adjustment mechanism and as a tool for economic development / Doutorado / Teoria Economica / Doutor em Ciências Econômicas

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T19:15:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 18 / Bolsa para curso e programa de Pós Graduação / Esta pesquisa verificou se existe a participação dos gestores no processo de planejamento estratégico, estabelecendo o processo de planejamento estratégico em três etapas: planejamento, execução e controle, e ainda, as etapas de execução e controle com foco no orçamento. O estudo partiu da falta de evidências que apontassem, em todas as etapas, a participação dos gestores no processo de planejamento estratégico, mesmo sendo ele participativo. Para o alcance do objetivo geral, que foi verificar se existe a participação dos gestores no processo de planejamento estratégico, foi realizada uma survey, com aplicação de um questionário de perguntas fechadas, e pontuadas em uma escala adaptada da escala Likert. Este foi enviado a controllers de 190 empresas listadas na revista Valor 1.000, edição 2.008. Para analisar os dados, objeto das respostas do questionário, eles foram organizados em grupos, de forma que, cada grupo indicou a participação do gestor em cada etapa do processo, com os seguintes resultados. Grupo 2 / This research has found if there is the involvement of the managers in the strategic planning process, establishing the strategic planning process in three stages: planning, carry out and control, and besides, the stages of implementation and control with focus in the budget analysis. The study was based on identification of lack of research that pointed, at all stages, the managers’ involvement in the process, even though participatory. To achieve the general purpose, that was identify if there is the managers’ involvement in the strategic planning process , a survey was performed, with a questionnaire of closed questions, and that was scored in a scale adapted from Likert’s scale. This questionnaire was send to controllers of 190 companies listed in the magazine Valor 1.000, edition 2.008. To analyze the information, object in the questionnaire, they were organized in groups, so which group indicated the manager involvement in which process stage, with the follow results: Group 2: Managers’ involvement lev

This thesis aims to back-test the ability of implied volatility carry trade strategies to outperform the carry trade strategies in the FX markets. Recent research has shown that the profitability of the strategies is partly attributable to the market mispricings of the forward volatility agreements and a tendency of the forward implied volatility to overestimate the future spot implied volatility. This thesis uses a similar approach to construct portfolios containing 10 developed as well as 9 emerging market currencies. Our approach is based on the assumption that Uncovered Interest rate Parity (UIP), Forward Unbiasedness Hypothesis (FUH) and Forward Volatility Unbiasedness Hypothesis (FVUH) do not hold and therefore providing investors with several opportunities to construct trading strategies taking advantage of these market mispricings. In this thesis, we show that the foreign exchange carry trade strategy composed of the specific developed and emerging country's currencies can be outperformed by portfolio consisting of the implied volatility carry trade strategies in the FX market over the analysed period. The portfolios are adjusted to the riskiness which is accounted for by the VIX and VXY-G7 index for developed and VIX and VXY-EM index for emerging economies. The strong performance of the strategies outlined in this thesis can be of significant value to FX traders and portfolio managers.

This thesis includes two topics. The first topic is a low power design of 8-bit ANT-based pipelining CLA. The second one is a small digital to analog converter (DAC) used in an implantable neural stimulator. An ANT-based low-power 8-bit pipelining carry-lookahead adder (CLA) using two-phase all-N-transistor (ANT) blocks which are arranged in a PLA design style with power-aware pipelining is presented. The pull-up charging and pull-down discharging of the transistor arrays of the PLA are accelerated by two feedback MOS transistors between the evaluation NMOS blocks and the outputs. Both the added power-aware clock control circuit and clock generation circuit detecting data transition take advantage of shutting down the processing stages given identical inputs in two consecutive operations by keeping high clock level. The design keeps the advantage of high speed while having the effect of low power dissipation. The implantable neural stimulator assists patients to reconstruct transmission paths of neural signals by current stimulation. The proposed small DAC not only decreases the chip area and power dissipation by reducing transistor count, but also improves the linearity with higher current output performance. All of measured performances of the proposed DAC make the chip worthy of being implemented in a field application.

Abstract The tremendous progress in all aspects of signal processing technology has naturally been accompanied by a corresponding development of arithmetic techniques to provide high-speed operations at reasonable complexity. In the past, many architectural design efforts have focused on maximizing performance for frequently executed simple arithmetic operations such as addition and multiplication while left other rarely used operations ignored. In this dissertation, we firstly propose two design approaches for 64-b carry-lookahead adders (CLA) using a two-phase clocking dynamic CMOS logic since fast adders are the key elements in many digital circuits. Secondly, we place emphasis on the inner product operation since it is one of the most frequently used mathematical operations in the computation of digital neural networks. A ratioed 3-2 compressor is also presented to resolve several physical design problems that are not fully considered or implemented in previous research works. Finally we propose several fast 64b/32b integer dividers because the integer division is unavoidable in many important signal-processing applications.