Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Física, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, 2016. / Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2016-09-19T18:06:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_DiegoSilvaVeloso.pdf: 7999588 bytes, checksum: 1f9d68000beb74944c02ebce332b74d6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2016-10-03T21:33:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_DiegoSilvaVeloso.pdf: 7999588 bytes, checksum: 1f9d68000beb74944c02ebce332b74d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-03T21:33:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_DiegoSilvaVeloso.pdf: 7999588 bytes, checksum: 1f9d68000beb74944c02ebce332b74d6 (MD5) / Neste trabalho, consideramos a arquitetura de Eletrodinâmica Quântica de Circuitos (EDQc), onde um átomo artificial de dois níveis interage com um único modo do campo eletromagnético quantizado confinado em um ressonador guia-de-onda sobre um chip supercondutor. Devido ao ambiente de alto controle em que a EDQc é formulada, consideramos modulações temporais periódicas de um ou mais parâmetros do sistema, impostas por um agente externo, caracterizando um sistema de EDQc nãoestacionário. Um Hamiltoniano efetivo foi obtido para descrever a dinâmica do sistema e, de maneira mais intuitiva, caracterizar o efeito físico a ser tratado de acordo com a frequência de modulação imposta. Também descrevemos a dinâmica para modulações simultâneas e multi-frequências. Entre os efeitos estudados estão os já conhecidos efeito Casimir dinâmico (ECD) e o comportamento anti-Jaynes-Cummings (AJC). Além desses efeitos, discutimos o regime anti-efeito Casimir dinâmico (AECD), que foi apresentado recentemente. Em seguida, propomos duas abordagens para estudarmos os efeitos da dissipação Markoviana nas transições induzidas por modulação usando os estados vestidos da interação átomo-campo. A primeira abordagem foi através da equação mestra padrão da óptica quântica, e a segunda abordagem foi através da equação mestra na representação vestida, que foi recentemente apresentada. Nós analisamos como os diferentes canais dissipativos afetam a dinâmica do sistema e averiguamos a possibilidade de implementação dos fenômenos físicos estudados na arquitetura de EDQc. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / In this work, we consider the circuit Quantum Electrodynamics architecture, where an artificial twolevel atom interacts with a single mode of a quantized Eletromagnetic field confined in a waveguide resonator on a superconducting chip. Due to formulation of cQED in a highly controllable environment we consider that one or more system parameters undergo periodic time-modulation by an external agent. This regime characterizes the nonstationary circuit QED. We obtain an effective Hamiltonian to intuitively describe the dynamics of the system and characterize the physical effect to be treated according to the frequency of modulation. We describe the dynamics for a single-tone and a multi-tone modulations of one or multiple parameters. We study some previously known effects, such as the dynamical Casimir effect (DCE) and the anti-Jaynes-Cummings behavior. Besides these effects, we discuss the recently presented anti-dynamical Casimir effect (ADCE). We employ two different approaches to asses the effects of Markovian dissipation on modulationinduced transitions between the atom-field dressed states. The first approach is the standard master equation of Quantum Optics and the second approach is through the recently presented dressed-picture master equation. We analyze how different dissipation channels affects the time evolution and verify the possibility of implementing of the studied physical phenomena in the cQED architecture.

In 1980 Feigin and Fuchs classified the length 2 bounded representations of Vec(R), the Lie algebra of polynomial vector fields on the line, as a result of their work on the cohomology of Vec(R). This dissertation is concerned mainly with the uniserial (completely indecomposable) representations of Vec(R) with a single Casimir eigenvalue and weights bounded below. Such representations are composed of irreducible representations with semisimple Euler operator action, bounded weight space dimensions, and weights bounded below. These are known to be the tensor density modules with lowest weight λ, for any non-zero complex number λ, and the trivial module C, with Vec(R) actions π_λ and π_C, respectively. Our proofs are cohomology arguments involving the first cohomology groups of Vec(R) with values in the space of homomorphisms between two irreducible representations. These results classify the finite length uniserial extensions, with a single Casimir eigenvalue, of admissible irreducible Vec(R) representations with weights bounded below. In almost every case there is at most one uniserial representation with a given composition series. However, in the case of an odd length extension with composition series {π_1,π_C,π_1,…,π_C,π_1}, there is a one-parameter family of extensions. We also give preliminary results on uniserial representations of the Virasoro Lie algebra.

Nous évaluons l'interaction de Casimir entre un miroir plan et un miroir sphérique, à température arbitraire, en tenant compte de la réflexion imparfaite. Cela nous permet d'étudier la riche dépendance à la géométrie de l'effet Casimir, et d'estimer l'erreur faite par l'approximation de proximité (PFA), communément utilisée pour cette configuration sphère-plan qui est celle des expériences. Pour cette évaluation nous appliquons la méthode de diffusion, basée sur la théorie des réseaux optiques, à la géométrie sphère-plan. La température est prise en compte par la formule de Matsubara. La réflexion sur le plan est exprimée à l'aide d'ondes planes, celle sur la sphère à l'aide d'ondes sphériques, entraînant un développement multipolaire. Les indices (l,m) de ces dernières sont tronqués à une valeur maximale pour l'évaluation numérique. Nous étudions d'abord le cas de la température nulle. Les résultats numériques permettent de caractériser l'erreur des différentes méthodes d'approximation, en fonction du modèle utilisé pour les miroirs, et de mettre en évidence des corrélations entre les effets de géométrie et de conductivité finie. Nous analysons ensuite la dépendance de l'effet Casimir à la température. Pour des miroirs parfaits, nous observons des corrélations entre les effets thermiques et géométriques pouvant entraîner une contribution répulsive des photons thermiques à la force de Casimir. Ce phénomène peut être associé à l'apparition de valeurs négatives pour l'entropie. Enfin, pour des miroirs métalliques à température ambiante nous observons une grande variété de corrélations entre les effets de la géométrie, de la température et de la dissipation dans les métaux.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-03-16T11:18:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 836345 bytes, checksum: 048933d0a290c347efd2fa4764bbcf63 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-16T11:18:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 836345 bytes, checksum: 048933d0a290c347efd2fa4764bbcf63 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-20 / In this Dissertation we’ll consider a scalar field theory where the breaking of Lorentz symmetry is present. Basically we will adopt the Ho˘rava-Lifshtz theory. We’ll study the modifications that an anisotropy in space-time produces in the Casimir effect. Let’s deal with a massless real scalar field in two distinct situations: between parallel plates and inside a two-dimensional rectangular box. In both cases we will adopt specific boundary conditions on the field. As we shall see, the Casimir energy and force strongly depends on the parameter associated with the breaking of Lorentz symmetry. / Nesse Dissertação consideraremos uma teoria de campo escalar onde a quebra da simetria de Lorentz está presente. Basicamente adotaremos a teoria de Ho˘rava-Lifshtz. Estudaremos as modificações que uma anisotropia no espaço-tempo produzem no efeito Casimir. Vamos tratar um campo escalar real sem massa em duas situações distintas: entre placas paralelas e no interior de uma caixa bidimensional retangular. Nos dois casos adotaremos condições de contorno específicas sobre o campo. Como veremos, a energia e a força de Casimir dependem fortemente do parametro associado a quebra da simetria de Lorentz.

Les collisions entre atomes ultrafroids et surfaces matérielles sont caractérisées par la réflexion de l'onde de matière atomique sur le potentiel attractif de Casimir-Polder. Cette réflexion quantique est déterminante pour des expériences telles que GBAR, qui mesurera l'accélération d'un atome d'antihydrogène froid chutant vers une plaque de détection. Dans cette thèse, le potentiel de Casimir-Polder est calculé à partir des propriétés de diffusion électromagnétique de l'atome et de la surface. Il s'avère dépendre de la réponse diélectrique, de l'épaisseur et de la densité du milieu. Nous montrons que la réflexion sur ce potentiel est associée à une rupture de l'approximation semiclassique et qu'elle augmente pour des atomes lents et des potentiels faibles. Les transformations de Liouville relient des équations de Schrödinger avec des potentiels différents mais les mêmes amplitudes de diffusion. L'équivalence entre la réflexion quantique sur un puits de potentiel et l'effet tunnel à travers une barrière offre de nouvelles perspectives sur le problème. Nous discutons aussi des effets de la gravité sur le paquet d'onde atomique et de ses conséquences pour les expériences avec des atomes en chute libre. Associée à la réflexion quantique sur un miroir horizontal, la gravité permet de maintenir des particules dans des états à longue durée de vie aux applications prometteuses pour la métrologie. En particulier, nous proposons un système pour améliorer la précision de GBAR en réduisant la dispersion en vitesse des atomes d'antihydrogène. / Collisions between ultracold atoms and material surfaces are characterized by the reflection of the atomic matter wave from the attractive Casimir-Polder potential. This quantum reflection is particularly relevant to experiments such as GBAR, which will determine the gravitational acceleration of a cold antihydrogen atom by timing its fall onto a detection plate. In this thesis, the Casimir-Polder potential is computed from the electromagnetic scattering properties of the atom and surface and it is found to depend notably on the dielectric response, thickness and density of the medium. We show that reflection on this potential is associated with a breakdown of the semiclassical approximation and that it is enhanced for slow atoms and weak potentials. Liouville transformations relate Schrödinger equations with different potential landscapes but identical scattering properties. We gain new insights on the problem of quantum reflection on a potential well by mapping it onto an equivalent problem of tunneling through a wall. We also discuss the effect of gravity on the atomic wavepacket and its implications for free fall experiments with atoms. When combined with quantum reflection from a horizontal mirror, gravity can be used to trap particles in long lived states with promising applications for metrology. In particular, we suggest a scheme to improve the precision of the GBAR experiment by reducing the velocity dispersion of the falling atoms.

The Casimir interaction is the fundamental physical phenomenon which emerges due to modification of vacuum fluctuations by boundaries in a confined area of space. It arises in many fields of physics, including condensed matter. Recently, substantial interest in the Casimir effect has revived as a result of the significant progress in the experimental techniques in cold atoms. In this thesis, we develop the description of the phonon-mediated Casimir interaction taking into account multiple phonon-impurity scatterings, that strongly renormalize the resulting interaction between the impurities. Our results, formulated in terms of the T-matrix formalism, generalize previous studies of the Casimir interaction between different kind of impurities and allow estimation of the expected phonon-induced Casimir interaction in various systems. Further, we consider a propagation of a singe hole in a two-dimensional ferromagnet accompanied by spin-flip processes. We show that an external magnetic field can be used to manipulate the properties of the single-layer system. For easy plain ferromagnets, at saturation value of the external field perpendicular to the easy axis, the Green’s function demonstrates the branch cut behavior. It is contrasted to the systems of an itinerant quasiparticle in the antiferromagnetic background where the quasiparticle retains the finite quasiparticle weight. The considered magnon scattering processes on a single itinerant electron (hole) in a two-dimensional ferromagnet can be used further for the magnon-mediated Casimir interaction in quasi-two-dimensional ferromagnets.

Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2012

Dans cette thèse on discute l'influence des plasmons de surfaces sur l'effet Casimir entre deux miroirs métalliques plans et parallèles placés à une distance arbitraire. En utilisant le model plasma pour décrire la réponse optique du métal, on exprime l'énergie de Casimir comme une somme des contributions associées aux modes évanescents relatifs aux plasmons de surface et aux modes propagatifs de la cavité. Contrairement à une ce qu'on pouvait attendre, la contribution des modes plasmoniques est essentielle à toute distance afin d'assurer le correct résultat pour l'énergie de Casimir. Un des deux modes plasmoniques génère une contribution répulsive qui compense la contribution attractive provenant des modes propagatifs de la cavité, alors que les deux contributions, prises séparément, sont beaucoup plus importantes que la valeur réelle pour l'énergie de Casimir. Cela suggère qu'il est possible d'ajuster le signe de la force de Casimir en manipulant les plasmons de surface.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. André Gustavo Scagliusi Landulfo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, 2017. / Essa dissertação de mestrado tem por objetivos estudar e discutir as bases matemáticas e conceituais da teoria quântica de campos em espaços-tempos curvos (TQCEC) e analisar como podemos simular efeitos de TQCEC, como o efeito Hawking e o efeito Casimir dinâmico, usando circuitos supercondutores. Após o estudo do formalismo da relatividade geral e da TQCEC, é feita uma revisão sobre os modelos análogos de gravitação em fluidos. Em seguida analisamos a física dos chamados circuitos supercondutores e estudamos como achar análogos de efeitos de TQCEC usando tais sistemas. / This dissertation aims to study and discuss the mathematical and conceptual basis of quantum field theory in curved space-time (QFTCS) and analyse how we can simulate QFTCS effects, such as the Hawking effect and the dynamical Casimir effect, using superconducting circuits. After studying the general relativity formalism and QFTCS, a review is done on analogue models of gravitation in fluids. Then we analyse the physics of the so-called superconducting circuits and study how to find analogues of QFTCS effects using such systems.

We show that, with a suitable choice of the parameters of the gravitational wave detector Mario Schenberg, with technological accessible parameters (using state-of-art electronics), its sensitivity curve can be improved over the current project curve to become competitive with interferometric detectors in a frequency band of ~1500 Hz, in the region from 1000 to 10000 Hz (these competitive bands are centered at the sphere's quadrupole modes). The sensitivity curve of an array of 100 identical spheres identical to the Schenberg one is also analyzed, and is competitive against advanced LIGO in the entire band. A detailed study of the project's viability is conducted, with an emphasis on the project of the klystron resonant cavity, which will have a center post with a 1 nm gap, which represents a great technological challenge. This challenge is analyzed in terms of the cavity project as well as with a focus on the Casimir effect on the cavity. This could open an opportunity for precise measurements of this effect on a new distance scale compared to current measurements (in the m scale).