This thesis deals with a person of Karl Eusebius of Liechtenstein in a field of architecture. Karl Eusebius from Liechtenstein was interested in Architecture in many different poits of view. Firstly, he wrote a theoretical work, which is excerpted and analysed in first chapter. Second chapter summarises buildings (or interventions), which are shown in more detailed form in appendix. Chapter is divided in three parts. In first part are representative buildings at the areas, they traditionaly belonged to House of Liechtenstein, principal seat Valtice and summer residence in Lednice. The building activities are brought together in second part, taken through in manors he was not so strongly interrested. Last but not least, the chapter is about his one and only architectonical work, castle of Plumlov, where is very intensive connection with his theoretical work . This thesis aims to describe relations between theoretical work of Karl Eusebius from Liechtenstein and architecture donated or build by himself and aims to investigate different levels of his interrest.

[ES] En el transcurso de la Primera Guerra Carlista (1833-1840) las tropas carlistas incitan a la revuelta por todo el territorio nacional con distinta suerte. Más allá del principal frente de combate que se consolida en el norte, los ejércitos carlistas bajo la dirección del general Cabrera dominan un territorio que se extiende por las actuales provincias de Castellón, Valencia, Teruel, Cuenca y Tarragona. Se desarrolla en este territorio un conflicto bélico de características particulares basado en la estructura de partidas y la movilización de columnas volantes, que, prácticamente hasta 1840, permite a Cabrera consolidar un dominio capaz de dar seguridad al pretendiente Carlos en su marcha hacia Madrid, como también oponerse al armisticio de Vergara para resistir hasta el final. Wilhelm Von Rahden, el que fuera jefe de ingenieros y de los demás cuerpos facultativos del ejército de Cabrera, denomina este territorio como "el Reino Mágico de Cabrera", un territorio convertido en una gran fortificación que se transforma en el tiempo, que se expande y contrae, y cuyos recursos son los propios accidentes del terreno, la arquitectura de toda índole adaptada a las condiciones defensivas y las obras que se construyen de nueva planta para reforzar el sistema, principalmente de campaña. Esta tesis pretende identificar el patrimonio arquitectónico que pudo formar parte de esta trama defensiva y arrojar luz sobre una etapa de la historia de España diluida en la memoria, especialmente en lo que atañe a un legado arquitectónico recurrentemente olvidado, invisible, sometido a procesos de destrucción durante y tras el conflicto, difícilmente documentado ante la escasez de fuentes y la destrucción de las mismas, y, en muchas ocasiones, confundido con arquitecturas de otros periodos históricos. / [CA] Durant la Primera Guerra Carlina (1833-1840) les tropes carlines inciten la revolta per tot el territori nacional amb diferent sort. Més enllà del principal front de combat que es consolida al nord, els exèrcits carlins sota la direcció del general Cabrera dominen un territori que s'estén per les actuals províncies de Castelló, València, Terol, Conca i Tarragona. Es desenvolupa en aquest territori un conflicte bèl·lic de característiques particulars basat en l'estructura de partides i la mobilització de columnes volants, que, pràcticament fins a 1840, permet a Cabrera consolidar un domini capaç de donar seguretat al pretendent Carles en la seva marxa cap a Madrid, com també oposar-se a l'armistici de Vergara per resistir fins al final. Wilhelm Von Rahden, el que va ser cap d'enginyers i dels altres cossos facultatius de l'exèrcit de Cabrera, denomina aquest territori com "el Regne Màgic de Cabrera", un territori convertit en una gran fortificació que es transforma en el temps, que s'expandeix i contrau, i els recursos de la qual són els propis accidents del terreny, l'arquitectura de tota índole adaptada a les condicions defensives i les obres que es construeixen de nova planta per reforçar el sistema, principalment de campanya. Aquesta tesi pretén identificar el patrimoni arquitectònic que va poder formar part d'aquesta trama defensiva i fer llum sobre una etapa de la història d'Espanya diluïda en la memòria, especialment pel que fa a un llegat arquitectònic recurrentment oblidat, invisible, sotmès a processos de destrucció durant i després del conflicte, difícilment documentat davant la manca de fonts i la destrucció de les mateixes, i, en moltes ocasions, confós amb arquitectures d'altres períodes històrics. / [EN] During the First Carlist War (1833-1840) the carlist troops incited revolt throughout the national territory with different fates. Beyond the main combat front that is consolidated in the north, the carlist armies under the leadership of General Cabrera dominate a territory that spread through the current provinces of Castellón, Valencia, Teruel, Cuenca and Tarragona. A warlike conflict of particular characteristics develops in this territory, based on the party structure and the mobilization of flying columns, which, practically until 1840, allowed Cabrera to consolidate a domain capable of giving security to the pretender Charles on his march to Madrid and also oppose the armistice of Vergara to resist until the end. Wilhelm Von Rahden, who was chief of engineers and of the other optional corps of the Cabrera army, calls this territory "the Magic Kingdom of Cabrera", a territory converted into a great fortification that is transformed over time, which it expands and it contracts, and whose resources are the own accidents of the terrain, the architecture of all kinds adapted to the defensive conditions and works that are completely new to reinforce the system, mainly field fortification. This thesis aims to identify the architectural heritage that could have been part of this defensive plot and it aims to illuminate a period of the History of Spain diluted in memory, especially regarding an architectural legacy that is recurrently forgotten, invisible, subjected to processes of destruction during and after the conflict, hardly documented due to the scarcity of sources and their destruction, and, on many occasions, confused with architectures from other historical periods. / Navalón Martínez, V. (2021). La fortificación del "Reino Mágico" de Cabrera [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/173710

Thesis (MA) -- Stellenbosch University, 1956. / No Abstract Available

This thesis deals with the personality of the Premysl Pitter, a time in which he lived. He was a man of humanism, tolerance, democracy supporter, ecumenism and one of the few who help without having. The aim of the thesis is to familiarize the reader with the most important events and aspects of his life. The work is divided into ten chapters and each will concentrate on one period in his life. The first chapter describes his childhood until his return from the World War I. In the second chapter, I tried to handle the growth of his thoughts and ideas in a European context. The third chapter is entitled "Milíč's house," where Premysl and his colleagues care for children of lower Zizkov. The fourth deals with " The Castles". The fifth chapter is called Pitter escape from Czechoslovakia. In the sixth chapter describes his work in the refugee camp Valka. The seventh chapter is devoted to his publishing work and stay in Switzerland. Eighth entitled "An educator and didactic activity" here, I tried to outline its most important pedagogical benefits and principle. The ninth chapter deals with life colleague of Pitter about Olga Fierz. The last chapter was compiled in table form, which I chose for its lucidity. In it, I carried the most important chronological dates, celebrities, whom he met, his writings and world...

Cette étude s’attache à comprendre ce qu’est un habitat seigneurial secondaire en Hainaut à la fin du Moyen Age et aux Temps Modernes. La disparition de la plupart des résidences de la haute noblesse en Hainaut, nous a amenée à nous pencher sur l’étude des habitats de la petite noblesse, dont le manque de reconnaissance, entrainant la démolition ou les transformations irréversibles de ces habitats, rend ces édifices sujets à l’oubli. Ajoutons à cela que, victimes d’une tradition castrale héritée du 19e siècle, archéologues et historiens de l’art ont bien souvent eu leur attention d’abord attirée par les grands châteaux et donc la haute noblesse, laissant de côté toute une tranche de la population noble et de leurs possessions. Notre étude a comme objectif majeur de comprendre comment ces habitats ont fonctionné comme structures de vie, mais aussi comme des architectures à travers lesquelles et par lesquelles les habitants pouvaient exprimer leurs identités. Dans cette optique, après avoir considéré les différents types architecturaux (types de plans, types de corps de logis, types de tours), suivant une typo-chronologie, nous considérons les matériaux utilisés et la distribution intérieure de ces édifices. <p>Ce sont ensuite les entourages de l’habitat en tant qu’espace construit, leur situation dans le paysage, et par rapport au relief, à l’hydrographie, aux villages, aux terres de cultures, et aux réseaux de communication, qui occupent une grande partie de l’étude. Les liens avec leurs habitants, ces membres de la « petite noblesse » sont ensuite considérés. Leurs fonctions, leurs origines et leurs zones de déplacements sont abordés, afin de mieux percevoir le rôle et la détermination de ce groupe social, qui s’avère être en rupture avec la haute noblesse. L’opposition traditionnelle entre villes et campagnes est dépassée, de même que la question des maisons principales et secondaires, au profit d’une approche plus fluide, favorisant une interaction entre villes et campagnes, et considérant les mouvements de population émergeant de l’un ou l’autre milieu. <p>La partie interprétative suit ensuite, permettant d’aboutir à une caractérisation de ce type d’habitat. Le but est notamment de mettre en lumière la relation entre les aspects défensifs et résidentiels des édifices. Pour ce faire, les éléments de défense active et passive sont examinés, ainsi que le degré d’efficacité de ces structures. <p>La suite de cette partie a pour but de replacer les habitats de la petite noblesse dans le contexte des types architecturaux des campagnes, de la haute noblesse et des villes du Hainaut et des anciens Pays-Bas, afin de mieux dégager les liens ou les ruptures entre les différents groupes sociaux et architecturaux. Les rapports avec les habitats ruraux sont établis en ce qui concerne les diverses composantes que sont les douves, les pont-levis, les orifices de tir, les espaces verts et les aménagements hydrographiques d’agrément, la basse-cour, les tours, les typologies des plans et de maisons, les matériaux et leur qualité de mise en œuvre, les intérieurs, les ouvertures et les styles, les armoiries et les millésimes. La catégorie intermédiaire que sont les habitats des élites rurales, est également abordée, puisqu’elle développe des types architecturaux ambigus et se rapprochant davantage des habitats de la petite noblesse que des autres ruraux. Cette catégorie est examinée d’un point de vue architectural et social./This research is aiming at understanding what is a gentry’s settlement in the County of Hainault at the end of the Middle Ages and during the Modern Times. The disappearance of most of the castles of the high nobility in Hainault, led us to study the gentry’s settlement. The lack of recognition of this kind of building is often leading to their destruction and irreversible transformations. There is also the fact that the archaeologists and art historians often inherited from the 19th century tradition, whose attention was mostly attracted by the main castles and the high nobility, forgetting by the same occasion a side of the nobility –the gentry- and his settlement.<p>The main objective of this research is to understand how these settlements were linked with their inhabitants, expressing their identities, ways of living and behaviours. In this framework, we first analyse the architectural typologies (plans, residential buildings, towers) in connection with the chronology, the materials, and the inner organisation of these buildings.<p>Afterwards, we consider the surroundings of the buildings, the location in the landscape, the relief, hydrography, the village, the lands, the communication net. The lesser nobility is also studied, through its functions, origins, movement areas, in order to have a better understanding of the role and definition of this social group which is distinctly separated from the high nobility. The traditional opposition between cities and countryside, and between the main and secondary housing, is overstepped, in order to reach a more flexible approach. We therefore consider the topic through an interaction between cities and countryside, and their inhabitants.<p>The rest of the research is dedicated to the interpretations, in order to draw the characterists of the gentry’s settlement. First, the relationships between the defensive and residential aspects are considered. The active and passive defensive elements are studied, as well as the efficiency of these structures.<p>Secondly, we replace the gentry’s settlement in the context of the other architectural types of the countryside, high nobility and cities of the county of Hainaut and the Southern Low Countries, in order to have a better understanding of the links and breaks between the different social and architectural groups. The link with the rural settlement is established concerning the following elements :drawbridges, moats, arrow slits, green spaces and water structures, farms, towers, plans and houses typologies, materials and their quality, interiors, openings and styles, coats of arms. The intermediate category of the settlement of the rural elites is also considered, as the architectural types are close to the gentry’s settlement. This category is examined on an architectural and social point of view.<p>The link with the settlement of the cities and the high nobility is also studied, allowing to see a lack of link between the different categories at least until the end of the 17th century. <p>In the last chapters, the gentry’s settlement of Hainault is replaced in the context of the Southern Low Countries, through a comparative approach. We also consider the link with this kind of settlement and the tradition and the modernity, as well as the link with the social status of their inhabitants and builders.<p>The conclusion is the occasion to remind all the characteristics of the gentry’s settlement in Hainault, and the evolution of the architectural types through the centuries. Some comparisons with the same kind of settlement in surroundings countries are also established, opening new research perspectives. In the epilogue, we consider the buildings on a conservation, restoration and preservation point of view. The state of the art of the legislative situation is given, and prescriptions for a better future conservation are drawn, in order to avoid a disappearance of the architectural information, together with an important part of the history.<p><p> / Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished