京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第19781号 / 農博第2177号 / 新制||農||1041(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H28||N4997(農学部図書室) / 32817 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻 / (主査)教授 白岩 立彦, 教授 奥本 裕, 教授 稲村 達也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Intresset för hyggesfria skogsbruksmetoder har ökat i Sverige, men enligt forskningen och politiska utvärderingar har användningen av dessa metoder inte ökat. De flesta privata skogsägare anlitar skogsägarföreningar eller skogsbolag för rådgivning och förvaltning.  Syftet med studien var att undersöka och beskriva hur Södras medlemmar upplevde Södras rådgivning och support gällande hyggesfria skogsbruksmetoder. Studien tittade även på om medlemmarna saknade något när det gällde rådgivningen och supporten från Södra angående hyggesfria skogsbruksmetoder.  Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ metod där data samlades in genom intervjuer. Urvalet bestod av privata skogsägare som var medlemmar i Södra skogsägarna.  Slutsatsen av studien påvisade att Södras engagemang kring hyggesfria skogsbruksmetoder är det som har störst betydelse över hur medlemmarna upplevde rådgivningen.

This thesis examines the validity of the cost of carry model for pricing FTSE100 futures contracts and the relationship between FTSE100 spot and futures markets during two sub-periods characterised by different market trading systems employed by the LSE and LIFFE. The empirical work is carried out using three approaches to econometric modeling: a basic VECM for spot and futures prices, a VECM extended with a DCCTGARCH framework to account for the conditional variance-covariance structure for spot and futures prices and a threshold VECM to capture regime-dependent spot-futures price dynamics. Overall, both the basic VECM and the DCC-TGARCH analysis suggest that there are deviations from the cost of carry relationship in the first sub-sample when transactions costs in both markets are relatively high but that the cost of carry relationship tends to be valid in the second sub-sample when transactions costs are lower. This is further confirmed by the evidence of higher conditional correlations between the two markets in the second sub-sample as compared with the first, using the DCC-TGARCH analysis. This implies that the no-arbitrage cost of carry relationship between spot and futures markets is more effectively maintained by index arbitrageurs in the second period when market conditions are closer to perfect market assumptions, and hence the cost of carry model could be more reasonably used as a benchmark for pricing stock index futures. The threshold VECM analysis depicts regime-dependent price dynamics between FTSE100 spot and futures markets and leads to some interesting and important findings: arbitrage may not be practicable under some market conditions, either because it is difficult to find counterparties for the arbitrage transactions, or because there is significant risk associated with arbitrage; as a result, the cost of carry model may not always be suitable for pricing stock index futures. Furthermore, the threshold values yielded from estimating the threshold VECM reflect the average transaction costs for most arbitrageurs that are more reliable and fair than subjective estimations.

Neuroscientists are increasingly overwhelmed by new recordings of the nervous system. These recordings are significantly increasing in size due to new electrophysiological techniques, such as multi-electrode arrays. These techniques can simultaneously record the electrical activity (or spike trains) from thousands of neurons. These new datasets are larger than the traditional datasets recorded from single electrodes where fewer than ten spike trains are usually recorded. Consequently, new tools are now required to effectively analyse these new datasets. This thesis describes how techniques from the field of Visual Analytics can be applied to detect specific patterns in spike train data. These techniques are realised in a software tool called Neurigma. Neurigma is a collection of visual representations of spike train data that are unified to provide a coordinated representation of the data. The visual representations within Neurigma include: an interactive raster plot, an improved correlation grid, a novel representation called the correlation plot (which includes a novel coupling estimation algorithm), and a novel network diagram. These views provide insight into spike train data, and particularly, they identify correlated patterns, called functional connectivity. Within this thesis Neurigma is used to analyse synthetically generated datasets and experimental recordings. Three main findings are presented. First, propagating spiral patterns are identified within recordings from the neonatal mouse retina. Second, functional connectivity is identified within the cat visual cortex. Finally, the functional connectivity of a large synthetic dataset, of 1000 spike trains, is accurately classified into direct, indirect and common input coupling.

Hyggesfritt skogsbruk är en övergripande term som innebär att skogen sköts så att marken alltid är trädbevuxen utan att det uppstår några större kalhuggna ytor. Syftet med studien var att få en ökad förståelse för hur hyggesfritt skogsbruk fungerar i praktiken för privata enskilda skogsägare i Sverige. Frågeställningarna berörde vilka metoder som tillämpas, vilka mål som skogsägarna har och vilka utmaningar de ställs inför genom att bruka skogen hyggesfritt. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av en webbenkät. Resultaten visade att den vanligaste hyggesfria metoden för de privata skogsägarna var plockhuggning. De vanligaste målen med det hyggesfria brukandet var bevarad skogskänsla, ökad variation i skogen och ökad biologisk mångfald. Skogsägarnas utmaningar med det hyggesfria brukandet var främst relaterade till maskinparken, brist på kunskap och tillgång till rådgivning. Det finns ett behov av mer forskning om hyggesfritt skogsbruk.

Studies of biodegradation in lignins by basidiomycetes yeasts show the conversion of lignin in various degradation products among which vanillin, a valuable substance, suggested to be a strong inhibitor of both fermentation and growth of yeasts, stands. Sporidiobolales yeasts used in these experiments were aimed to be identified by their highly conserved ITS region as well as studied in vanillinsupplemented medium through, vanillin-supplemented plates, TLC and Neubauer’s chamber to find out which, among the several isolates tested, were the most resistant ones, understand how they take up vanillin and how their growth is affected by the presence of the phenolic compound. Two strains were identified as Rhodotorula babjevae. One of them, L4, together with LS22, Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae, could withstand and biodegrade high concentrations of vanillin, producing biodegradation products with Rf values similar to the ones know for vanillic acid and vanillyl alcohol. Better growth in medium supplemented with small doses of vanillin was found, as well as disparity among the same species and their metabolic features, therefore, herbicides resistance was suggested as a reason for strains divergence. Further morphological-species comparison could also describe if there exist a relation between them. / Estudios sobre la biodegradación de ligninas por levaduras basidiomicetes muestran la conversión de lignina en distintos productos de degradación, entre los cuales se encuentra la vainillina, un fuerte inhibidor de la fermentación y el crecimiento de levaduras. Las levaduras Sporidiobolales utilizadas en estos experimentos han intentado ser identificadas a través de la región ETI, muy conservada, además de estudiadas en medios suplementados con vainillina mediante placas suplementadas con vainillina, CCF y cámara de Neubauer para averiguar cuáles son las cepas más resistentes, entender cómo metabolizan la vainillina y cómo su crecimiento se ve afectado por la presencia de dicho compuesto. Dos cepas fueron identificadas como Rhodotorula babjevae. Una de ellas, L4, junto con con la cepa LS22, Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae, pudieron soportar y biodegradar elevadas concentraciones de vainillina, originando productos de biodegradación con valores de Rf similares a los del ácido vanílico y alcohol vanílico previamente conocidos. Se encontró un crecimiento mejor en medios suplementados con pequeñas dosis de vainillina además de una disparidad entre mismas especies y sus características metabólicas, así, herbicidas han sido sugeridos como una posible causa en dicha divergencia. Una futura comparación morfología-especie podrá describir si existe relación entre ambos.

Denna studie undersökte skogsägares preferenser avseende hyggesfria metoder och faktorer som är viktiga i deras val av hyggesfria metoder. Genom att använda en webbaserad enkät inkom 84 svar från skogsägare. Plockhuggning identifierades som den mest önskvärda metoden följt av överhållen skärm. Ekonomi och biologisk mångfald var viktiga faktorer vid val av hyggesfri skötselmetod. Respondenterna önskade mer kunskap om olika metoder, ekonomiskt utfall samt påverkan på den biologiska mångfalden vid användning av hyggesfria skogsbruksmetoder. Brist på kunskap var en stor anledning till att tidigare inte ha brukat skogen med hyggesfria metoder.

Sveriges ökade engagemang i internationella konflikter har förändrat under vilkaformer och i vilka miljöer som dagens militära operationer genomförs. Framföralltinnebär det att alla insatsförband inom Försvarsmakten ska kunna verka inom allakonfliktnivåer och i de flesta miljöer, även i urban terräng. Som en följd av dettauppkommer nya behov och krav på den indirekta bekämpningsförmågan i form avprecisionsbekämpning. Syftet med föreliggande arbete är att kartlägga om, och till vilken grad, ettkurskorrigerande tändrör bidrar till att öka den taktiska effektiviteten förstådd somverkanseffektivitet, kostnadseffektivitet, logistisk effektivitet samt minskad oönskadsidoverkan. Kartläggningen sker genom en komparativ litteraturstudie medkompletterande expertintervjuer. Med hjälp av kurskorrigerande tändrör som medger nära precisionsbekämpning kanen rad vinster erhållas. Exempel på sådana vinster är minskad spridning samt ökaddimensionering av verkan, minskad risk för oönskad sidoverkan, en lägre totalkostnad för ammunition samt minskat behov av transporter genom ökad effekt av detenskilda skottet. / Sweden’s increased international commitment has altered the forms andenvironments of today's battlefield and military operations for units within theSwedish Armed Forces. First and foremost it means that all units have to be able tohandle all levels of conflict in most types of environments, including urban terrain.As a consequence of this, new needs and requirements arise concerning indirect fireand Artillery precision strike capabilities. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate if and to what extent a course correctingfuse contributes to an increased tactical efficiency within the areas of effect, cost,logistics and reduced risk of collateral damage. The investigation is made through acomparative literature study with supplementary expert interviews.With the help of a course correcting fuse, which allows for close precision capability,a series of achievements can be acquired. Examples of such achievements are reduced dispersion and increased capability ofdimensioning of effects, reduced risk of collateral damage, lower total cost ofmunitions and reduced demand of logistics.

My thesis is a novel-length work of historical fiction entitled Thickwood. The novel can be situated within the context of great/interior plains literature, given its substantial focus on the Thickwood Hills, the northern remnant of the Missouri Coteau. This transition zone between the plains and the mixed boreal forest is an area of geographical and cultural tension. Within this drainage system of the Saskatchewan Rivers, Europeans traded for food and furs with First Nations and Métis peoples, leading to the signing of Treaty 6 and the formation of First Nations Reserves. In Thickwood characters travel across the rugged landscape but also travel into their interior landscape to struggle with questions about belonging and place. During formative years of development, certain landscapes become places of significant attachment, laden with emotional connection and sentiment. This historical work, set in Saskatchewan in 1950, takes place during intense changes after World War Two. Many rural communities without power, good roads, and even telephone services struggled to keep up with post-war development. The cooperative movement, encouraged by Premier Tommy Douglas, was a means for rural people to pool resources to improve their communities. Beef prices were climbing to an all-time high, increasing demand for pastureland. Using close third-person point of view, the novel follows a young female character skilled in ranching, horses, and the sport of baseball. Willomena Swift struggles to find a future for herself after returning from two seasons pitching in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. The lease to her family ranch is about to end and her father sells the remaining land to the growing community pasture. After a rogue stallion kills Willo’s purebred foal, she begins a quest to control the stallion and avoid its villainous owner, who is also the pasture committee chairman. Willo uses wit and skill to survive the perils of the landscape and gains confidence to confront Nesteroff about taking over her home as the new pasture headquarters after her father’s death. The novel Thickwood explores personal connections to rugged homeland, spirited horses, and love.

The professionalization of political parties has significantly altered the means by which parties interact with voters and supporters. The current study is an attempt to examine what these changes in political communication mean for the ability of parties to organize supporters and mobilize them both in a campaign setting and in the longer-term struggle. Habermasian and Gramscian perspectives on the relational aspects of political communication highlight the challenges presented by the growing unidirectionality of communication and the concomitant atrophying of intermediary institutions. Beyond this, the work of Bottici and McLuhan is used to expose the effects of the 'arational' aspects of these changes in both form and content. To test the plausibility of the theoretical insights obtained, the case of the New Democratic Party of Canada is considered. The study concludes by considering the potential of new technological developments for resolving or mitigating concerns identified throughout the thesis. / Graduate