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<p>This paper deals with archaeological prospecting for the purpose of finding a prehistoric settlement in Alsike hage, Alsike parish, Uppland. The methods being used are soil phosphate analysis, electromagnetic survey and settlement analysis. Two 20x20 meters areas have been prospected. As Alsike hage contains several late Iron Age burial fields, large splendid zones for settlement location, closeness to water as well as farmland there was a hope of locating remains of prehistoric settlement in the area. None of the prospected areas showed any distinct evidence of settlement remains. Still, the results showed anomalies in both areas, both in the electromagnetic survey as in the phosphate analysis. Therefore, the possibility of finding such remains in the two prospected areas cannot be ruled out.</p>

This catalogue documents Roman lamps from the cemeteries of Gerulata (modern-day Rusovce). It consists of 16 Bildlapmen, 89 Firmalampen, and one special shape. These lamps were found mainly in two large cemeteries, in both cremation and inhumation graves, dated from the last decades of the 1 st century AD to the dawn of the 3rd century. Of the Bildlampen, several lamps with angular voluted nozzles (Loeschcke type I) and one fragment of a circular lamp with a rounded nozzle (Loeschcke type VIII) are represented. Of the Firmalampen, both Loeschcke types IX and X are found, type X and its variations being the most numerous (67 lamps). The iconography of relief decorations shows a range of mythological and profane images. Twenty different makers' stamps in relief are found, two without parallels, with Fortis as most common. The production, transport and copying of Firmalampen is described; resulting endeavors to locate their point of origin are determined to be often unreliable without chemical analysis. Both the relationship of lamps to other grave goods as well as their purpose in graves are assessed; lamps are found to have been an available luxury, as appropriate in a Romanized society. Most lamps had worn bases, and some had blackened wickholes; most are burned by their inclusion in the funeral pyre. The...

Le peuplement ancien des régions allant de l’Iran à l’Inde en passant par l’Afghanistan et le Turkménistan est connu majoritairement par des échanges transrégionaux existant probablement dès le Néolithique. Du point de vue funéraire, les éléments accompagnant le défunt sont parmi les plus étudiés. En revanche, il est bien souvent peu fait état de leur contexte, à savoir la tombe et le défunt auquel ce mobilier était dédié. C’est en partant de ces constats qu’il est apparu intéressant d’enquêter sur ces peuplements anciens. À partir d’une étude approfondie des sépultures, cette étude se propose de reconstruire les programmes funéraires qui ont encadré les différentes pratiques mortuaires. Dans un second temps, nous avons cherché à souligner les traits funéraires communs de ces populations ainsi que les divergences. Sur l’ensemble du Balochistan pakistanais, seuls quatre sites ont livré des sépultures attribuables à la période Chalcolithique. Les sites de Miri Qalat et Shahi‐Tump ont livré plus de 200 individus répartis sur deux périodes pour le IVe millénaire. Sur le site de Sohr Damb, à Nal, un total d’une centaine d’individus sont dénombrés pour deux périodes situées au IVe et tout début du IIIe millénaire. Ces trois sites aux données inédites sont le cœur de cette étude. Nous avons rapproché nos conclusions des publications effectuées pour le site de Mehrgarh, où deux ensembles funéraires ont été étudiés, ainsi que des données publiées pour les pays limitrophes. / The old settlements of the areas extending from Iran to India including Afghanistan and Turkmenistanare mainly known through transregional exchanges existing probably as early as Neolithic. From the funerarypoint of view, grave goods are among the most studied items. On the other hand, there is often little mentionof their context, namely the tomb and the deceased to whom those grave goods were dedicated. It was fromthese observations that it became interesting to work on these ancient stands. Based on an in‐depth study ofburials, this work proposes to reconstruct the funeral programs that have framed the various mortuarypractices. In a second step, we sought to highlight the common funeral traits of these populations as well asthe differences. On the whole of the Pakistani Balochistan, only four sites yielded tombs related to theChalcolithic period. The sites of Miri Qalat and Shahi‐Tump, have delivered over 200 individuals spread overtwo periods for the fourth millennium. At the Sohr Damb site, in Nal, about 100 individuals are counted for twoperiods in the fourth and early third millennium. These three sites with unpublished data are the heart of thisstudy. We have compared our findings with publications for the Mehrgarh site, where two cemeteries werestudied, as well as published data for neighboring areas.

A constatação de que muitos cemitérios, a maioria públicos, apresentam problemas e impactam o meio ambiente, poluindo o solo e as águas subterrâneas com contaminantes diversos, tem levado ao aumento dos estudos sobre essas potenciais fontes de poluição. No entanto, apesar de existirem metodologias para a constatação de contaminação do solo e das águas subterrâneas, não existem metodologias específicas, ou mesmo consagradas, para os processos de investigação e estabelecimento da área efetivamente contaminada, fazendo com que muitos sejam os critérios adotados para a investigação e diversificadas sejam as conclusões obtidas. Ainda, em relação à espacialização das plumas de contaminantes, raros são os resultados conclusivos, levando inclusive à preocupação sobre o comportamento dos vários contaminantes já conhecidos no solo, seu caminho até as águas subterrâneas e a real extensão dos impactos, em área e em efeitos deletérios à saúde pública. Este estudo visa demonstrar que a expansão da pluma de contaminantes, e sua área de abrangência, é agravada pela influência de fatores ambientais, físico-geográficos, a partir das características pedológicas, geomorfológicas e climáticas, associadas, dos locais onde estão (ou serão) implantados os cemitérios. Através de levantamento bibliográfico e de pesquisas empíricas foram correlacionadas determinadas características de relevo, clima e solo, presentes nos locais dos cemitérios, elaborando-se cenários de espacialização das plumas de contaminantes e sua possível escala de contaminação e de riscos socioambientais. Três áreas modelo foram selecionadas pelas suas características físico-geográficas diferenciadas e por trabalhos anteriores que definiram seus potencias de contaminação e algumas características físicas (geologia, hidrogeologia e outras): O cemitério de Vila Nova Cachoeirinha (PACHECO, 1991 e MATOS, 2001) e o cemitério de Vila Formosa (PACHECO, 1991), no município de São Paulo, e o cemitério de Areia Branca (PACHECO, 1991), no município de Santos. Concluímos que há influência dos fatores ambientais, físico-geográficos, principalmente do solo e da pluviosidade, na espacialização das plumas de contaminação oriundas dos cemitérios. / The finding that many cemeteries, mostly public, present problems and impact the environment, polluting the soil and groundwater with various contaminants, has led to an increase in studies on these potential sources of pollution. However, although there are methods for the realization of soil and groundwater contamination, there are no specific methodologies, or even dedicated to the research process and establishment of effectively contaminated area, causing many criterias to be the adopted for the research and diversifieds reached conclusions. Still, in relation to the spatial distribution of the plumes of contaminants, there are very few conclusive results, leading even to the concern about the behavior of various contaminants known on the ground, their way to the groundwater and the actual extent of impacts in the area and harmful effects to public health. This study aims to demonstrate that the expansion of the contaminant plume, and its coverage area is exacerbated by the influence of environmental, physical and geographical factors, from soil, geomorphological and climatic characteristics associated, on the places where cemeteries are (or will be) deployed. Through literature and empirical research were correlated certain prominent land relief, climate and soil characteristics, present in local cemeteries, creating spatial scenarios of contaminants plumes and their possible contamination scale and environmental risks. Three model areas were selected for their different physical-geographical characteristics and previous works that defined their potential contamination and some physical characteristics (geology, hydrogeology and others): The Vila Nova Cachoeirinha cemetery (PACHECO, 1991 and MATOS, 2001) and Vila Formosa cemetery (PACHECO, 1991), in São Paulo, and the cemetery of Areia Branca (PACHECO, 1991), in the city of Santos. We conclude that there is influence of environmental factors, physical geography, especially soil and rainfall, in the spatial distribution of contamination plumes coming from the cemeteries.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:32:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ErikaASilva.pdf: 3405619 bytes, checksum: d3f09e9868a79b5a848184dd730074d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-05-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This dissertation titled O cotidiano da morte e a secularização dos cemitérios em Belém na secunda metade do século XIX (1850/ 1891) tried to show understanding around death s meaning along with dead and mortuary ceremonies in Belém in the second half of the 19º century. Thus, the composition studies about the changes in the trip of death from the buries inside a church to open-sky cemeteries, plus the secularization of these spaces. Those questions have gained importance in the following pages cause they started a new parallel about the urban space threated by wide-spread diseases and miasmas exhalated from putrescent bodies. Taking that to explain the tensions formed in the core of Belém s society wich made same significant changes in the path of that specifical society before death and deads. The construction of the cemeteries- Nossa senhora da soledade and Santa Izabel - implacate in complex questios like start to bury dead bodies into open-sky cemeteries intead instead of inside churchs, the wish of the Catolic church to have exclusiveness in these new places, the secularization of those cemeteries and buries keeping in mind the unsolved religious, cultural and social conflicts to understanding the attitudes of the whites, indians, colored, catolics, protestants, masons and the way they used to react before the dead and death. So the city was visualized, it s quotidian and the existing and dying of it s inhabitants and seeing closest the representation before death and dead. To be well acquired with the text the central axel inquire the understanding of how different Belém s social divisions in the 80 s deal with circle of life including bury, mortuary ceremonies and the secularization of the cemeteries / Esta dissertação de título O cotidiano da morte e a secularização dos cemitérios em Belém na segunda metade do século XIX (1850 / 1891) , procurou visualizar o caminhar e o permanecer em torno dos significados da morte, dos mortos e dos ritos fúnebres em Belém durante a segunda metade do século XIX. Assim, a dissertação versa sobre as transformações no cotidiano da morte decorrente da mudança dos locais dos enterramentos do interior das Igrejas para os cemitérios a céu aberto, mas também sobre o projeto de secularização destes espaços. Estas questões, aliás, ganham expressividade nas páginas seguintes, pois delas surgiram outros tangenciamentos como os debates acerca da salubridade do espaço urbano ameaçado por epidemias e miasmas emanados dos corpos em decomposição. Foi nesta perspectiva que se buscou interpretar determinadas tensões que se formaram no interior da sociedade belenense e que contribuíram para mudanças significativas no caminhar dessa sociedade frente à morte e aos mortos. A construção dos cemitérios o de Nossa Senhora da Soledade e o de Santa Izabel envolveram questões complexas como o abandono do costume de enterrar nas igrejas e passar a enterrá-los em cemitérios a céu aberto, a exclusividade que a Igreja Católica desejava ter nesses novos espaços, o debate em torno da secularização dos cemitérios e dos enterros civis levantando questões que não ficaram circunscritas às inquietações religiosas, mas estabeleceram conflitos políticos, culturais e sociais, enfim seguir os passos de brancos, índios e negros, Católicos, Protestantes e Maçons e tentar compreender suas atitudes diante da morte e dos mortos. Para isso procurou-se visualizar a cidade, seu cotidiano, o viver e o morrer de seus habitantes, encarar o mais próximo possível as representações frente à morte e aos mortos. Entenda-se então que os eixos centrais da presente dissertação são os que buscam perceber como diferentes segmentos sociais da Belém oitocentista lidaram com o processo de vida e morte, com os enterramentos, os ritos fúnebres, e a secularização dos cemitérios

Cette thèse porte sur l’étude des frontières et des limites qui marquent les rapports entre les morts et les vivants dans la ville en général, et plus particulièrement à Beyrouth, ville multiconfessionnelle. Elle pose la question de la nature des espaces, places et territoire de la mort, inscrite dans ses formes les plus concrètes : les cimetières, et les limites qu’ils entretiennent entre eux d’une part et avec la ville, d’autre part. Elle décrit leur impact sur l’organisation spatiale au sein de la ville tout en interrogeant les stratégies et les enjeux adoptés par chaque groupe pour affirmer sa présence face aux autres.Notre choix s'est porté sur la ville de Beyrouth parce que cette dernière présente une histoire sociale, culturelle, religieuse et urbaine riche et particulière, et a subi des changements démographiques, urbanistiques et paysagers radicaux au cours de l’Histoire et surtout durant les dernières années de guerre (1975-1990) et de l’après-guerre. Après les différents conflits, les espaces de la mort, par leur emplacement et les limites qu’ils entretiennent entre eux et avec la ville, constituent une véritable césure physique et symbolique, conditionnée par les appartenances politiques, sociales ou religieuses. Ces espaces semblent être instrumentés par les vivants pour justifier leurs positions spatiales ou s’arroger le droit d’occuper tel lieu. Dans ce cas, les cimetières constitueraient de véritables enjeux, aux implications diverses, qui peuvent aller jusqu'à fragmenter et restructurer le paysage urbain d’une ville. À Beyrouth, suite aux différentes guerres, le lien est manifeste entre la géographie de la mort et la géopolitique. / This thesis focuses on the study of borders and boundaries that mark the relations between the dead and the living in multiconfessional cities in general, and particularly Beirut. It raises the question of the nature of spaces, places and territories of death in its most concrete forms: the cemeteries, and the limits between them on one hand and with the city on the other. It describes their impact on the spatial organization of the city while questioning the strategies and challenges of each group to assert its presence against the other. Our choice focuses on the city of Beirut because of its social, cultural, religious and urban structure. It has undergone demographic changes through history, especially during the last years of the civil war (1975-1990) and the post-war period. After these conflicts, the spaces of death, their location and their boundaries, have created real physical and symbolic schisms, conditioned by political, social or religious affiliations. These spaces appear to be instrumented by the living to justify their positions in space or to assume the right to occupy such a place. In this case, the cemeteries constitute real challenges for research and entail consequences on space, which can be fragmented and restructured along with the urban landscape.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:27:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 halima alves de lima elusta.pdf: 1141981 bytes, checksum: 3fc923943a823b53e913c3c488dc6e1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-04 / The Saudade Cemetery, in Campinas, Brazil, is considered na open-sky museum for burial monuments that represents and materialize the relation man death in this city. The main goal of the present research is to show the transformations after the death secularization in the city, since 1881, when the cemetery was founded till the 1950 s decade. The transformations occurred during this period are here represented by statuary, tombs and monuments elaborated by Giuoseppe Tomagnini, Vélez Family, V. Lazzeri, Rosada Family, Coluccini Brothers and Camillo dos Santos. Those artist-artisans responsible for that buildings were influenced by stylistic of the European funerary art, such as neoclassic and eclectic architecture, art nouveau, art déco and modern to attend to the local citizen needs in order to preserve their memory. The burial buildings found in the Saudade Cemitery, besides a local for reflection and memory, can be considered significant part of Historical and Cultural Patrimony of Campinas / O Cemitério da Saudade é considerado um museu a céu aberto por abrigar túmulos que representam e materializam a relação do homem com a morte na cidade de Campinas. Esta dissertação tem por objetivo mostrar as transformações após a secularização da morte na cidade, que se inicia em 1881 com a fundação desse primeiro cemitério público, até a década de 1950. As transformações ocorridas durante esse período são aqui apresentadas por meio das construções de Giuoseppe Tomagnini, Família Vélez, V. Lazzeri, Família Rosada, Irmãos Coluccini, Irmão Zarattinni e Camillo dos Santos. Esses artistas-artesãos, responsáveis pelas construções, apropriaram-se de referências estilísticas da arte funerária européia como o neoclássico, eclético, art nouveau, art deco e moderno para atender as necessidades dos cidadãos campineiros de perpetuar sua memória. Essas construções fazem do Cemitério da Saudade, além de local de reflexão e memória, parte significativa do Patrimônio Histórico e Cultural da cidade de Campinas

This paper deals with archaeological prospecting for the purpose of finding a prehistoric settlement in Alsike hage, Alsike parish, Uppland. The methods being used are soil phosphate analysis, electromagnetic survey and settlement analysis. Two 20x20 meters areas have been prospected. As Alsike hage contains several late Iron Age burial fields, large splendid zones for settlement location, closeness to water as well as farmland there was a hope of locating remains of prehistoric settlement in the area. None of the prospected areas showed any distinct evidence of settlement remains. Still, the results showed anomalies in both areas, both in the electromagnetic survey as in the phosphate analysis. Therefore, the possibility of finding such remains in the two prospected areas cannot be ruled out.