Dans cette thèse, j'ai montré les processus de négociation identitaire, les discours hégémoniques et les structures du sentiment qui opèrent au sein des expositions qui traitent le multiculturalisme et le métissage. J'ai étudié des expositions produites par des musées nationaux en France et aux États-Unis. Mes études de cas ont été développées au Musée National d'Art Mexicain de Chicago et au Musée du quai Branly à Paris entre 2006 et 2009. Mon analyse montre les processus qui interviennent dans la mise en scène d'un discours muséal complexe. L'étude place au centre de ses hypothèses trois dimensions initiales qui participent à la construction du sens dans les expositions : a) la production du sens, b) la circulation ou distribution du sens et c) la réalisation ou appropriation du sens. Dans la première partie de ma thèse, j'ai exploré les catégories de "sens et signification" à partir d'une approche philosophique. J'ai discuté la généalogie de ces notions avant de développer une approche culturaliste, notamment à partir de la théorie d'Antonio Gramsci, de Stuart Hall et de Raymond Williams, pour qui la signification n'est pas une donnée en soi mais une construction qui se développe à partir des luttes sociales, politiques et symboliques qui cherchent à contrôler les représentations et les croyances. Cette compréhension de la culture, en tant qu'espace de lutte d'interprétations, a ouvert la voie aux analyses de pouvoir et de discours au sein de l'univers muséal. J'ai développé les définitions de culture, occident, hégémonie, idéologies, intellectuelles et structures de sentiment afin de définir le cadre conceptuel qui sert de base théorique pour mes études de cas. Ensuite, j'ai présenté une étude minutieuse sur les origines et le développement des musées, du patrimoine et de la nation. Enfin, j'ai montré les débats contemporains en études culturelles des musées, les approches critiques et anthropologiques et l'importance de développer des études de cas concrètes à partir de cette discipline. La deuxième partie de la thèse présente la méthodologie employée ainsi que les études de cas. J'ai souligné l'importance de la transdisciplinarité comme méthode privilégiée pour l'analyse ainsi que les méthodologies employées pour l'étude des expositions : l'observation à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur du musée, la saisie des témoignages et des entretiens, l'usage des questionnaires et des formulaires. La sélection des musées et des expositions a été réalisée en fonction de la thématique des expositions et pas en fonction des collections ou des objets exposés. J'ai cherché à analyser des musées qui entretenaient un rapport hégémonique avec les sujets de l'exposition. Ceci afin de questionner les transferts culturels, les identités contemporaines en tension ou en conflit, et la cohabitation symbolique des sentiments d'appartenance. Aux États-Unis, j'ai analysé les expositions du Musée National d'Art Mexicain (NMMA) de Chicago. Les expositions étudiées furent : "La Mexicanidad" et "La présence de l'Afrique au Mexique". À Paris, j'ai analysé l'exposition Planète métisse produite par le Musée du quai Branly (MQB). Afin de comprendre la construction du sens des expositions, j'ai interrogé la communauté de production (directeurs, commissaires, comités et collectifs qui ont participé), la médiation et les messages à partir des artistes ou à partir de la propre mise en scène des objets d'exposition. Enfin, j'ai travaillé auprès d'une communauté d'interprètes afin de privilégier une analyse des discours en contexte et pas une méthode purement spéculative. Le résultat de mes analyses montre que les musées étudiés disposent des spécialistes qui légitiment scientifiquement la mise en scène discursive d'expositions, et que la fabrication ou production des sujets d'expositions est liée à des conjonctures politiques particulières. En effet, ces musées ont produit des expositions "engagées" en défendant une dimension culturelle et anthropologique. Avec ce geste, ils transformaient la muséographie classique de l'institution muséale. Par exemple, le NMMA de Chicago n'a pas seulement exposé des objets d'art. Il a sans nul doute proposé un discours de répercussion politique afin de démonter les frontières de race et d'ethnicité. À Paris, le MQB a exposé l'historicité du métissage planétaire. De cette manière, l'exposition interrogeait les discours sur l'identité nationale française, et contribuait au débat autour de la stigmatisation de la migration contemporaine. J'ai démontré, que la façon de sélectionner, d'identifier, de différencier, de hiérarchiser et d'exposer les objets, reflète des nouvelles pratiques culturelles, parfois innovatrices et même post-coloniales. Finalement, l'analyse sur le regard de la communauté des interprètes a fourni les résultats les plus originaux de ma recherche. J'ai montré que quand le visiteur parcourt l'exposition, il établit un accord plus ou moins harmonieux entre lui et le discours de l'institution. Si le visiteur "interroge" le sens de l'exposition, il le fait à partir des structures du sentiment qui dévoilent les identités ou liens d'appartenances des individus. En effet, dans mes études de cas, les expositions abordaient de manière explicite les problématiques concernant les différences culturelles et les identités. Cela amenait le visiteur à se situer à partir d'une circonstance individuelle précise, soit par rapport à sa nationalité, son origine, son genre ou son appartenance à une culture.

While I have always loved to go to the art museum I have often found it difficult to convince friends and family to go with me. It seems to be a particularly daunting task for visitors with disabilities and specifically those with vision impairments. This study surveys the accessibility of the programming for visitors with visual impairments at 25 art museums in the United States of America and how they communicate that information to potential visitors. It highlights museums that go beyond what is required by the Americans with Disabilities Act and create programming that is enjoyable for all. This study will be a reference to create a more enjoyable experience for all.

This is a historical documentary research study across Neva Leona Boyd (1876-1963). The theoretical perspective is based on the historical perspective of knowledge from ancient Greece to the approach of modern symbolic interactionism. The study shows that Boyd, who was Viola Spolins teacher, was a proponent of the modern view of group play theory. 1909 she founded Chicago School for Playground Workers, later transformed to the Recreation Training School. Until 1927, the school entered in Hull-House initiated by Jane Addams. The school was incorporated with Northwestern University. Boyd also worked at other schools and the Illinois Department of Public Welfare, where she designed a recreational program for the mentally ill. Contemporary with Boyd was George H. Mead and John Dewey. Boyd's previous work turns out to have some connection to Sweden when Boyd collected and systematized games from different geographical regions of the world. Boyd’s group play theory are identified and described. Boyd’s group play theory highlights the importance of leadership and the intimacy leaders manage to create in group work.

This dissertation looks at how teachers, unionists, and cultural workers used black history to offer new ways of thinking about racial knowledge from a local level. Numerous efforts to promote and teach this history demonstrated how dissident cosmopolitan political currents from previous decades remained relevant to a vibrant and ideologically diffuse African American public sphere despite widespread Cold War dispersions, white supremacist reactions, and anticommunist repressions. My argument proceeds by demonstrating how these public history projects coalesced around a series of connected pedagogical endeavors. These endeavors included the work of school teachers on Chicago's South side who tried to advance curriculum reforms through World War II and afterwards, the work of packinghouse workers and other union-focused educators who used anti-discrimination campaigns to teach about the history of African Americans and Mexican Americans in the labor movement and to advance innovative models for worker education, and the activities of important cultural workers like Margaret and Charles Burroughs who politicized urban space and fought for greater recognition of black history in the public sphere through the advancement of their vision for a museum. Collectively, these projects expressed important ideas about race, citizenship, education and intellectual labors that engaged closely with the rapidly shifting terrains of mid-20th Century civil rights and international anti-colonialisms. Ultimately, this dissertation offers a social history about how cosmopolitan cultural work in public history and similar forms of knowledge production were at the intersections of political realities and lived experience in U.S. urban life.

While I have always loved to go to the art museum I have often found it difficult to convince friends and family to go with me. It seems to be a particularly daunting task for visitors with disabilities and specifically those with vision impairments. This study surveys the accessibility of the programming for visitors with visual impairments at 25 art museums in the United States of America and how they communicate that information to potential visitors. It highlights museums that go beyond what is required by the Americans with Disabilities Act and create programming that is enjoyable for all. This study will be a reference to create a more enjoyable experience for all.

This dissertation is a study of a remarkable change that came about in the kind of drawings that architects used to present their work between the decades of 1960 and 1990. Drawings in this period, visually rich and compositionally complex, seemed to mark an entirely new sensibility towards their function; their goal seemed to be not so much to clearly depict the forms of a proposed building, but to instead focus on its conceptual aspects. In fact, in several cases, drawings seemed to be treated as graphic projects in their own right, over and above the work they presented. This trend was accompanied by two other developments. Around the same time, there was a sudden increase in theoretical interest in drawings within the architectural community leading to a flurry of published articles, essays and books on the topic. And all this happened to coincide with the time that the Postmodern movement came to dominate architecture. The study aims to understand the relationship between these trends, and to develop a better understanding of the reasons for these changes to have occurred. It does so by, first, developing a theoretical framework to help understand the nature and impact of the changes in drawings. Next, it presents a detailed historical account of these changes. This is followed by an in-depth study of a single architect, James Stirling, to show how the new types of drawings were not simply a means to present ideas, but played a formative role in design as well. Apart from developing a contextualized historical account of an important development in contemporary architectural history, the study also finds that the change in the drawing practice and the theoretical interests were not simply an outcome of Postmodern cultural theory of the period, but were instigated by concerns that arose from within architecture itself. It thus offers a useful case-study on how changes in disciplinary practice are brought about.

Corn production is scattered geographically over various continents, but most of it is grown in the United States. As such, the world price of corn futures contracts is largely dominated by North American corn prices as traded on the Chicago Board of Trade. In recent years, this market has been characterised by an increase in price volatility and magnitude of price movement as a result of decreasing stock levels. The development and implementation of an effective and successful derivative price risk management strategy based on the Chicago Board of Trade corn futures contract will therefore be of inestimable value to market stakeholders worldwide. The research focused on the efficient market hypothesis and the possibility of contesting this phenomenon through an application of a derivative price risk management methodology. The methodology is based on a combination of an analysis of market trends and technical oscillators with the objective of generating returns superior to that of a market benchmark. The study found that market participants are currently unable to exploit price movement in a manner which results in returns that contest the notion of efficient markets. The methodology proposed, however, does allow the user to consistently achieve returns superior to that of a predetermined market benchmark. The benchmark price for the purposes of this study was the average price offered by the market over the contract lifetime, and such, the efficient market hypothesis was successfully contested. / Business Management / D. Com. (Business Management)

This diploma thesis covers KDD analysis of data and options of presentation of KDD results on Web. The paper is divided into three main sections, which follow the whole process of this thesis. In the first section are mentioned theoretical basics needed for understanding of discussed problem. In this section are described notions data matrix and domain knowledge, concept of CRISP-DM methodology, GUHA method, system LISp-Miner and implementation of GUHA method in LISp-Miner including description of core procedures 4ft-Miner and CF-Miner. The second section is dedicated to the first goal of this paper. It briefly summarizes analysis made during pre-analysis phase. Then is described process of analysis of domain knowledge in a given data set. The third part focuses on the second goal of this thesis, which is problem of presentation of KDD results on Web. This section covers brief theoretical basis for used technologies. Then is described development of export script for automatic generation of website from results found using LISp-Miner system including description of structure of the output and recommendations for work in LISp-Miner system.

No description available.

There is growing demand for reforms to the U.S. criminal justice system. Nevertheless, there are significant questions and relatively few answers. This dissertation studies multiple U.S. criminal justice system issues using detailed administrative data from Cook County, Illinois: Does policing the police increase crime? Does the composition of a police officer's academy cohort influence their future outcomes? Is pretrial electronic monitoring an attractive alternative to pretrial release and detention? To answer these questions, I use administrative data from Chicago and Cook County, Illinois, on the Chicago Police Department, Cook County Jail, and Circuit Court of Cook County, and a range of econometric methods. In Chapter 1, I study the effect of pretrial electronic monitoring (EM) as an alternative to pretrial release and pretrial detention (jail) in Cook County, Illinois. EM often involves a defendant wearing an electronic ankle bracelet that tracks their movement and aims to deter pretrial misconduct. Using the quasi-random assignment of bond court judges, I estimate the effect of EM versus release and EM versus detention on pretrial misconduct, case outcomes, and future recidivism. I develop a novel method for the semiparametric estimation of marginal treatment effects in ordered choice environments, with which I construct relevant treatment effects. Relative to release, EM increases new cases pretrial due to bond violations while reducing new cases for low-level crimes and failures to appear in court. Relative to detention, EM increases low-level pretrial misconduct but improves defendant case outcomes and reduces cost-weighted future recidivism. Finally, I bound EM's pretrial crime reduction effect. I find that EM is likely an adequate substitute for pretrial detention. However, it is unclear that EM prevents enough high-cost crime to justify its use relative to release, particularly for defendants who are more likely to be released. Chapter 3, joint with Bocar Ba, studies and differentiates between the effects of oversight and outrage on policing. Previous studies estimating the impact of police oversight on crime rely on major policing scandals as shocks to examine the impact of oversight on crime. We argue that the simultaneous effect of public outrage on officer behavior and crime contaminates these results, and we provide a conceptual framework that distinguishes between oversight and outrage. We identify two events relating to unexpected court rulings in Chicago that increased oversight and caused a decline in reported misconduct but had virtually no public reaction. Despite the decrease in reported misconduct, crime and officer activity were unaffected. We contrast this with a major policing scandal, after which we find both a rise in crime rates without an equivalent increase in arrests and a decline in officer stops and use of force. Our results suggest that police oversight can reduce misconduct without increasing crime.