Introdução O estudo dos efeitos da amamentação sobre o crescimento ou na proteção contra a obesidade na infância ainda comporta muitos resultados controversos ou inconclusivos. No Brasil existem poucos dados e análises sobre este assunto. Objetivo - Analisar a influência do aleitamento materno sobre o estado nutricional de crianças menores de 3 anos do Município de São Paulo. Métodos Foi utilizada a subamostra longitudinal com760 crianças de 0 a 36 meses do estudo de base domiciliar Saúde das Crianças de São Paulo II (1995-1997). As variáveis utilizadas como desfecho foram os índices antropométricos altura-para-idade (ZAI), IMC-para-idade (ZBI), e dobra cutânea triciptal-para-idade (ZDI), expressos em desvios-padrão (escores Z) da curva de referência apresentada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde em 2006. A associação entre o aleitamento materno predominante (AMP) e os desfechos antropométricos foi ajustada por: renda familiar per capita, escolaridade da mãe, peso ao nascer, ordem de nascimento da criança, idade da mãe, status do trabalho da mãe. Os efeitos fixos e aleatórios dos determinantes do crescimento infantil, nas 3 visitas realizadas, foram estimados utilizando-se a análise de painel. Resultados A duração do AMP mostrou-se negativamente associada a todos os índices antropométricos. O efeito médio mensal do AMP sobre os índices antropométricos foi de -0,068 Z no ZAI, de -0,044 Z no ZBI e de -0,065 Z no ZDI (p<0,05 em todos os casos). As médias dos índices nutricionais apresentaram efeito dose-resposta decrescente conforme o aumento na duração do AMP. O efeito do AMP sobre a situação nutricional infantil foi modificado pelo controle da sua interação com a escolaridade materna: filhos de mulheres com 8 ou mais anos de estudo apresentaram altura 0,075 Z acima da altura dos filhos de mães com até 3 anos de estudo (p<0,05); no caso do IMC a interação não foi estatisticamente significante. Conclusão O aleitamento materno mostrou-se negativamente associado aos índices nutricionais infantis, com efeito protetor contra o aumento médio do IMC e da gordura corporal em menores de 3 anos do município de São Paulo. / Introduction The study of the effects of breastfeeding over growth or in protection against infant obesity still have many controversy or inconclusive results. In Brazil there are feel data and analysis about this subject. Objective To analyze the breastfeeding influence on nutritional status of children under 3 years old of São Paulo City. Methods The longitudinal sub-sample with 760 children aged less than 36 months of a population-based study called The Health of São Paulo Children II was used. The outcome variables were the anthropometric indexes height-for-age index (ZAI), BMI-for-age index (ZBI) and triceps-skinfold-thickness-for-age index (ZDI), expressed in standard deviations (Z scores) of the World Health Organization reference standard (2006). The association between predominant breastfeeding (PBF) and the nutritional indexes was adjusted for: family income, years of maternal education, birth weight, birth order, maternal age and maternal work status. The fixed and random effects of the determinants of child growth, in 3 home visits, were estimated using panel analysis. Results The duration of PBF was negatively associated with all the anthropometric indexes. The mean effect of PBF on the indexes was of -0,068 Z on ZAI, -0,044 Z on ZBI and -0,065 Z on ZDI (p<0,05, all cases). The means of each index had decreasing dose-response effects according to the raise of the PBF duration. The PBF effect over children nutritional status was modified by controlling its interaction with maternal education: children of women with 8 or more years of study had mean height 0,075 Z higher than children of women with 3 or less years of study (p<0,05); for BMI, this interaction was not statistically significant. Conclusion Predominant breastfeeding was negatively associated to the children nutritional indexes, with a protection effect against high mean of BMI and body fat in children aged less then 3 years old in São Paulo City.

A alimentação infantil na escola é tema de constantes debates em diferentes âmbitos da sociedade. Diante da complexidade e importância do tema, ele tem sido estudado por pesquisadores de diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Uma das possíveis abordagens é a do bem-estar alimentar, a que orienta este estudo, que surge dentro do movimento da Pesquisa Transformativa do Consumidor. Nesse cenário, a pergunta de pesquisa que norteou este trabalho foi: como é o contexto e a dinâmica que envolvem a alimentação das crianças e adolescentes na escola? Assim, o objetivo definido foi explorar e descrever o contexto e a dinâmica da alimentação das crianças e adolescentes na escola na perspectiva do bem-estar alimentar. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no formato de três artigos. No primeiro artigo, discute-se a relação das crianças e dos adolescentes com os alimentos na \"hora do recreio\". No segundo, é dado foco à literacia alimentar, uma das áreas centrais do bem-estar alimentar. Nesse sentido, o debate é sobre o papel dos pais e da escola na literacia alimentar das crianças e dos adolescentes. Por fim, o terceiro artigo buscou identificar o que as crianças e os adolescentes comem na escola e como têm acesso a esses alimentos. Em relação aos métodos de pesquisa utilizados, a abordagem qualitativa é a que prevalece. Os dados foram coletados por meio de observações, entrevistas e questionários. Em alguns momentos, a estatística descritiva foi utilizada para dar mais robustez às análises. Como resultado, foi possível conhecer o contexto da alimentação das crianças e dos adolescentes na escola. As relações são, de fato, bastante complexas. Pais, colegas, professores, proprietários das cantinas e a direção/coordenação das escolas são os principais agentes que influenciam a alimentação das crianças e adolescentes na escola. Do ponto de vista do bem-estar alimentar, foi possível perceber como cada uma das cinco áreas centrais estão presentes na alimentação escolar. Ao explorar e descrever a alimentação infantil na escola, os resultados indicam que as crianças e os adolescentes se alimentam mal. Ao mesmo tempo, os resultados apontam para possíveis alternativas na busca por avanços positivos nesse sentido. / Child feeding at school is a topic of constant debate in different spheres of society. Given the complexity and importance of the theme, it has been studied by researchers from different areas of knowledge. One of the possible approaches is the one of the food well-being, that guides this study, that appears within the movement of the Transformative Consumer Research. In this scenario, the research question that guided this work was: how is the context and the dynamics that involve the feeding of children and adolescents in school? Thus, the objective was to explore and describe the context and dynamics of child feeding at school in the perspective of food well-being. This paper was developed in the format of three articles. In the first article, the relationship of children and adolescents with food in the \"recess time\" is discussed. In the second, focus is given to food literacy, one of the central areas of food well-being. In this sense, the debate is about the role of parents and school in the food literacy of children and adolescents. Finally, the third article sought to identify what children and adolescents eat at school and how they have access to these foods. In relation to the research methods used, the qualitative approach is the one that prevails. Data were collected through observations, interviews and questionnaires. At times, descriptive statistics were used to give more robustness to the analyzes. As a result, it was possible to know the context of child feeding at school. Relationships are, in fact, quite complex. Parents, peers, teachers, cafeteria owners and the direction/coordination of schools are the main agents that influence child feeding at school. From the point of view of food well-being, it was possible to see how each of the five core areas are present in school feeding. By exploring and describing infant feeding at school, the results indicate that children and adolescents feed poorly. At the same time, the results point to possible alternatives in the search for positive advances in this direction

The purpose of this study was to describe the nutrition knowledge and child care feeding practices of Early Childhood Education students in a university setting. Thirty-three Early Childhood Education students from seven geographically diverse universities completed a web-based survey assessing nutrition knowledge and child feeding practices. A nutrition knowledge instrument was developed and validated to measure knowledge of nutrition for preschool-aged children. The Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire, which has been previously validated in parents, was slightly modified and used to assess child feeding practices. Mean scores for the nutrition knowledge and child feeding practices were determined. Multivariate analyses were conducted to determine differences in mean nutrition knowledge and feeding practices scores across sample characteristics. Early Childhood Education students were found to have more knowledge of MyPyramid food groups and dietary sources of nutrients than dietary intake recommendations for preschool-aged children. Students who had completed a college-level nutrition course scored higher on MyPyramid food groups and food sources of nutrients than those who had not, although these differences were not statistically significant. A nonsignificant trend was observed in knowledge of dietary recommendations according to practicum status. Additionally, students who had not started a practicum reported using food as a reward significantly more than students who had completed a practicum. Results suggest roles for both nutrition coursework and practicum training in optimizing nutrition knowledge and child feeding practices among future leaders in early childhood education. Further research is needed to more clearly identify nutrition knowledge and child feeding practices in this population.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (School of Public Health) / Poor water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services and practices in communities are known to be responsible for most of the infections occurring among infants and young children in developing countries. A combined effect of disease, poor diet, care practices and other factors among infants/children are known to lead to undernutrition reported in most developing countries. Apart from the reduced growth and productivity potential that malnutrition exhibits on the affected population, it is also an underlying cause to 50% of child mortality in poor communities. In light of this, the primary objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of poor WASH practices on growth and infectious disease incidence in infants and young children aged 6-23 months in the rural district of Monze in Zambia.

Introdução O estudo dos efeitos da amamentação sobre o crescimento ou na proteção contra a obesidade na infância ainda comporta muitos resultados controversos ou inconclusivos. No Brasil existem poucos dados e análises sobre este assunto. Objetivo - Analisar a influência do aleitamento materno sobre o estado nutricional de crianças menores de 3 anos do Município de São Paulo. Métodos Foi utilizada a subamostra longitudinal com760 crianças de 0 a 36 meses do estudo de base domiciliar Saúde das Crianças de São Paulo II (1995-1997). As variáveis utilizadas como desfecho foram os índices antropométricos altura-para-idade (ZAI), IMC-para-idade (ZBI), e dobra cutânea triciptal-para-idade (ZDI), expressos em desvios-padrão (escores Z) da curva de referência apresentada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde em 2006. A associação entre o aleitamento materno predominante (AMP) e os desfechos antropométricos foi ajustada por: renda familiar per capita, escolaridade da mãe, peso ao nascer, ordem de nascimento da criança, idade da mãe, status do trabalho da mãe. Os efeitos fixos e aleatórios dos determinantes do crescimento infantil, nas 3 visitas realizadas, foram estimados utilizando-se a análise de painel. Resultados A duração do AMP mostrou-se negativamente associada a todos os índices antropométricos. O efeito médio mensal do AMP sobre os índices antropométricos foi de -0,068 Z no ZAI, de -0,044 Z no ZBI e de -0,065 Z no ZDI (p<0,05 em todos os casos). As médias dos índices nutricionais apresentaram efeito dose-resposta decrescente conforme o aumento na duração do AMP. O efeito do AMP sobre a situação nutricional infantil foi modificado pelo controle da sua interação com a escolaridade materna: filhos de mulheres com 8 ou mais anos de estudo apresentaram altura 0,075 Z acima da altura dos filhos de mães com até 3 anos de estudo (p<0,05); no caso do IMC a interação não foi estatisticamente significante. Conclusão O aleitamento materno mostrou-se negativamente associado aos índices nutricionais infantis, com efeito protetor contra o aumento médio do IMC e da gordura corporal em menores de 3 anos do município de São Paulo. / Introduction The study of the effects of breastfeeding over growth or in protection against infant obesity still have many controversy or inconclusive results. In Brazil there are feel data and analysis about this subject. Objective To analyze the breastfeeding influence on nutritional status of children under 3 years old of São Paulo City. Methods The longitudinal sub-sample with 760 children aged less than 36 months of a population-based study called The Health of São Paulo Children II was used. The outcome variables were the anthropometric indexes height-for-age index (ZAI), BMI-for-age index (ZBI) and triceps-skinfold-thickness-for-age index (ZDI), expressed in standard deviations (Z scores) of the World Health Organization reference standard (2006). The association between predominant breastfeeding (PBF) and the nutritional indexes was adjusted for: family income, years of maternal education, birth weight, birth order, maternal age and maternal work status. The fixed and random effects of the determinants of child growth, in 3 home visits, were estimated using panel analysis. Results The duration of PBF was negatively associated with all the anthropometric indexes. The mean effect of PBF on the indexes was of -0,068 Z on ZAI, -0,044 Z on ZBI and -0,065 Z on ZDI (p<0,05, all cases). The means of each index had decreasing dose-response effects according to the raise of the PBF duration. The PBF effect over children nutritional status was modified by controlling its interaction with maternal education: children of women with 8 or more years of study had mean height 0,075 Z higher than children of women with 3 or less years of study (p<0,05); for BMI, this interaction was not statistically significant. Conclusion Predominant breastfeeding was negatively associated to the children nutritional indexes, with a protection effect against high mean of BMI and body fat in children aged less then 3 years old in São Paulo City.

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<p>&nbsp / </p> <p align="left">This study explores the challenges faced by nurse counselors in the implementation of HIV and Infant Feeding Policy in Amathole District of the Eastern Cape. <b><font face="Times New Roman">Objectives: </font></b><font face="Times New Roman">To describe the demographic characteristics of the study population / Toexplore the challenges faced by nurse counselors in the implementation of current HIV and infant feeding policy and guidelines / &nbsp / To establish the nurse counselors&rsquo / perspectives on the infant feeding policy and guidelines for HIV positive mothers / To examine the support system available to the nurse counselors who give infant feeding advice to HIV positive mothers.</font></p>

<p>&nbsp / </p> <p align="left">This study explores the challenges faced by nurse counselors in the implementation of HIV and Infant Feeding Policy in Amathole District of the Eastern Cape. <b><font face="Times New Roman">Objectives: </font></b><font face="Times New Roman">To describe the demographic characteristics of the study population / Toexplore the challenges faced by nurse counselors in the implementation of current HIV and infant feeding policy and guidelines / &nbsp / To establish the nurse counselors&rsquo / perspectives on the infant feeding policy and guidelines for HIV positive mothers / To examine the support system available to the nurse counselors who give infant feeding advice to HIV positive mothers.</font></p>

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2017-09-04T18:16:34Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciana Mesquita da Silva - 2017.pdf: 1960015 bytes, checksum: 9d2e228bbb3f3c335e6800b23d81db2c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2017-09-04T19:47:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciana Mesquita da Silva - 2017.pdf: 1960015 bytes, checksum: 9d2e228bbb3f3c335e6800b23d81db2c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-04T19:47:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciana Mesquita da Silva - 2017.pdf: 1960015 bytes, checksum: 9d2e228bbb3f3c335e6800b23d81db2c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-06 / The research in the area of study of consumer behavior is related to the multidisciplinarity of this area, when you speak of food consumption, several studies seek to analyze the influence of advertising on the food choice of people. Analysis has also been realized in order to check the children’s preference as consumers of food and beverages. Within the behavioral perspective studies have been carried out using the Foxall model of the BPM (Behavior Perspective Model) seeking to understand consumer behavior by the threefold contingency from the analysis of its elements: antecedent, response and consequent. This paper aims to evaluate the effects of advertising exposure on the choice of children for beverages, as well as the effect of the number of alternatives available during the choice through the use of the BPM model. An experiment was carried out with 16 children of both sexes, aged between 10 and 12 years old, using a board game and presenting drinks advertisements: juice, soda and a toy advertisement. The participants were divided into four groups; for each group, one of the advertisements was presented before the beginning of the game, when they had to make the choice between juice or soda during 20 trials in each session, and two sessions were held. The results showed that the advertisements had no influence on the participants' choices, because, regardless of the advertisement, the children showed a preference for juice instead of the refrigerant. The number of alternative choices presented in format for group four seems to have exerted influence on the choices during the trials. / A pesquisa sobre o campo de estudo do comportamento do consumidor está relacionada à multidisciplinaridade desse campo, em se tratando de consumo alimentar diversas pesquisas buscam analisar a influência da propaganda na escolha alimentar das pessoas. Análise também tem sido realizadas a fim de verificar a preferência de escolha das crianças en quanto consumidoras de alimentos e bebidas. Dentro da perspectiva comportamental estudos tem sido realizados utilizando o modelo de Foxall o BPM (Behavior Perspective Model) procurando entender o comportamento do consumidor pela vertente da tríplice contingência a partir da análise de seus elementos: antecedente, resposta e consequente. Este trabalho objetiva avaliar os efeitos da exposição de propagandas sobre a preferência de escolha de crianças por bebidas, bem como, o efeito do número de alternativas disponibilizadas durante a escolha através da utilização do modelo BPM. Para tanto foi realizado um experimento com 16 crianças de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 10 e 12 anos, com a utilização de um jogo de tabuleiro e apresentação de propagandas de bebidas: suco, refrigerante e uma propaganda de brinquedo. Os participantes foram divididos em quatro grupos, para cada grupo foi apresentado uma das propaganda antes do início do jogo, quando os mesmos teriam que fazer a escolha entre suco ou refrigerante durante 20 tentativas em cada sessão, sendo que foram realizadas duas sessões. Os resultados demonstraram que as propagandas não exerceram influência nas escolhas dos participantes, pois independente da propaganda exibida, as crianças demonstraram preferência pelo suco em detrimento ao refrigerante. O número de alternativas de escolhas apresentado em formato para o grupo quatro, parece ter exercido influência nas escolhas durante as tentativas.

Magister Public Health - MPH / This study explores the challenges faced by nurse counselors in the implementation of HIV and Infant Feeding Policy in Amathole District of the Eastern Cape. Objectives: (i) To describe the demographic characteristics of the study population; (ii) To explore the challenges faced by nurse counselors in the implementation of current HIV and infant feeding policy and guidelines; (iii) To establish the nurse counselors perspectives on the infant feeding policy and guidelines for HIV positive mothers; (iv) To examine the support system available to the nurse counselors who give infant feeding advice to HIV positive mothers. / South Africa