Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, Charlotte, NC, 2002. / Abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-123).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-141).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, Charlotte, NC, 2002. / Abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-123).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:47:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandaCM_DISSERT.pdf: 1137756 bytes, checksum: 7cb24bccd724ebccb062ea10fea94d2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Popular practices correspond to the resources used by households, lay people and popular therapists, whose perception of knowledge is constructed in the everyday. In this context, the sick child can become vulnerable to be dependent on a family caregiver, who often decide to employ popular practices. Thus, the child care should be shared between carer and health professional. However, they know little about the resources that the family uses to detect a grievance in infant. Therefore, the present research aimed to analyse the use of popular practices by caregivers of children with zero to five years old. We conducted an exploratory and descriptive study with a qualitative approach, together with 15 caregivers of children who were treated at the Joint Unit Felipe Shrimp, located in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. To select the participants, they should be age and above 18 years; be caregivers of children up to five years of age; and reside in the area ascribed the Joint Unit Felipe Shrimp. The data collection took place between September and October 2013, through in depth interview. This step was preceded by the approval of the Health Department of the city of Natal; the direction of the Joint Unit Felipe Shrimp; as well as, the Committee on Ethics in Research from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte with Certificate of Presentation and Consideration Ethics, No 15467013.8.0000.5537. Furthermore, the interviewees formally authorized their participation in the research by signing the consent form. The data were treated according to the technique of content analysis in the form of thematic analysis according to Bardin. This process, four categories emerged: "Types of popular practices used in the care of the child"; "Source of information of popular practices"; "Results obtained with popular practices"; "Factors that hinder the adoption of common practices." The results showed the use of popular practices by caregivers in the case of illness to children such as the homemade preparations with medicinal plants and folk healers. The family environment was referenced as the main learning space and spread of popular practices, which are influenced by cultural relations present in this context. As to the results obtained with popular features, the caregivers said to be satisfactory, and this triggers a feeling of confidence and acceptability of such measures. It is concluded that the use of popular practices in child care persists in everyday most of the participants, despite the hegemony of allopathic therapy. The caregivers stated that such practices are effective and easy to obtain, being secured in context by popular culture. In addition, health professionals, especially nurses, were seldom mentioned by the caregivers as to the information concerning popular resources used by them, which suggests the weakness in dialogic process of negotiating practices between both of them / As pr?ticas populares correspondem aos recursos utilizados pelas fam?lias, pessoas leigas e terapeutas populares, cuja apreens?o do saber se constr?i no cotidiano. Nesse contexto, a crian?a doente pode se tornar vulner?vel por estar na depend?ncia de um cuidador familiar, o qual, muitas vezes decide empregar pr?ticas populares. Assim, o cuidado ? crian?a deveria ser compartilhado entre cuidador e profissional de sa?de. Entretanto, estes pouco sabem sobre os recursos que a fam?lia emprega ao perceber algum agravo no infante. Diante disso, a pesquisa em apre?o objetivou analisar o uso de pr?ticas populares por cuidadoras de crian?as com zero a cinco anos de idade. Realizou-se um estudo explorat?rio e descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, junto a 15 cuidadoras de crian?as, que eram atendidas na Unidade Mista de Felipe Camar?o, localizada no munic?pio de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Para escolha das participantes, estas deveriam ter idade igual ou superior a 18 anos; ser cuidadora de crian?a(s) com at? cinco anos de idade; e, residir na ?rea adscrita da Unidade Mista de Felipe Camar?o. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre os meses de setembro e outubro de 2013, por meio da entrevista em profundidade. Esta etapa foi antecedida pela anu?ncia da Secretaria de Sa?de do munic?pio de Natal; da dire??o da Unidade Mista de Felipe Camar?o; bem como, do Comit? de ?tica em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, com Certificado de Apresenta??o e Aprecia??o ?tica, n? 15467013.8.0000.5537. Al?m disso, as entrevistadas autorizaram formalmente a participa??o na pesquisa, atrav?s da assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Os dados foram tratados conforme a t?cnica de An?lise de Conte?do na modalidade de an?lise tem?tica, segundo Bardin. Deste processo, emergiram quatro categorias: Tipos de pr?ticas populares utilizadas nos cuidados com a crian?a ; Fonte de informa??es das pr?ticas populares ; Resultados obtidos com as pr?ticas populares ; Fatores que dificultam a ado??o de pr?ticas populares . Os resultados revelaram a utiliza??o de pr?ticas populares pelas cuidadoras, nos casos de adoecimento da crian?a, a exemplo: das prepara??es caseiras com plantas medicinais e da rezadeira. O ambiente familiar foi referenciado como principal espa?o de aprendizado e propaga??o das pr?ticas populares, as quais s?o influenciadas pelas rela??es culturais presentes nesse contexto. Quanto aos resultados obtidos com os recursos populares, as cuidadoras afirmaram ser satisfat?rios, e isto desencadeia um sentimento de confian?a e aceitabilidade de tais medidas. Conclui-se, que o uso de pr?ticas populares no cuidado ? crian?a persiste no cotidiano da maioria das fam?lias estudadas, apesar da hegemonia da terapia alop?tica. As cuidadoras afirmaram que tais pr?ticas s?o eficazes e de f?cil obten??o, estando asseguradas no seu contexto pela cultura popular. Al?m disso, os profissionais de sa?de, sobretudo os enfermeiros, foram pouco citados pelas cuidadoras quanto ?s informa??es referentes aos recursos populares utilizados por elas, o que sugere a fragilidade no processo dial?gico e de negocia??o de pr?ticas entre ambos

Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto de uma estratégia de promoção do aleitamento materno, baseada em múltiplas sessões de aconselhamento em amamentação direcionadas a mães adolescentes e avós maternas, na duração dessa prática. Método: Foi conduzido ensaio clínico randomizado, em Porto Alegre, de maio de 2006 a janeiro de 2009, envolvendo 323 mães adolescentes, alocadas para quatro grupos distintos: (1) adolescentes não coabitando com suas mães, sem intervenção; (2) adolescentes não coabitando com suas mães, com intervenção para as mães; (3) adolescentes coabitando com suas mães, sem intervenção; (4) adolescentes coabitando com suas mães, com intervenção direcionada a ambas. A intervenção consistiu de seis sessões de aconselhamento em amamentação, a primeira na maternidade e as demais aos 7, 15, 30, 60 e 120 dias no domicílio. As informações sobre as práticas alimentares das crianças foram coletadas, por telefone, mensalmente até os seis meses e 8, 10 e 12 meses dos bebês. O impacto da intervenção foi avaliado comparando-se as curvas de sobrevida do aleitamento materno nos primeiros 12 meses de vida das crianças nos diferentes grupos, e a regressão de Cox estimou a magnitude do impacto. Resultados: A comparação das curvas de sobrevida mostrou que a intervenção teve impacto significativo nas taxas de aleitamento materno apenas para o grupo em que a avó não residia junto com a mãe e a criança. Com a intervenção, o risco de desmame nos primeiros 12 meses foi 49% menor no grupo de adolescentes que não coabitava com as avós (RDI = 0,51; IC95% 0,30-0,85), e 26% menor (RDI = 0,74; IC95% 0,47-1,16) no grupo das mães que coabitavam com as avós. Conclusões: É possível aumentar significativamente a duração do aleitamento materno em mães adolescentes com sessões sistemáticas de aconselhamento em amamentação iniciadas na maternidade e mantidas nos domicílios. No entanto, a coabitação dessas mães com as avós maternas das crianças pode interferir negativamente nos resultados da intervenção, exigindo abordagem diferenciada. / Background: We assessed the impact of a breastfeeding promotion strategy based on multiple counselling sessions directed at adolescent mothers and their own mothers (the maternal grandmothers of their children) on the duration of breastfeeding. Methods: A randomised clinical trial was conducted involving 323 adolescent mothers, assigned to four distinct groups as follows: (1) adolescent mothers not living with their own mothers, no intervention; (2) adolescent mothers not living with their own mothers, with intervention; (3) adolescent mothers living with their own mothers, no intervention; and (4) adolescent mothers living with their own mothers, with intervention directed toward both. The study intervention consisted of six breastfeeding counselling sessions, the first one held at the maternity ward and the others at home (at 7, 15, 30, 60, and 120 days). Information on feeding practices was collected monthly until the 6th month of life and at 8, 10, and 12 months thereafter, by means of telephone interviews. Intervention effect was assessed by comparison of survival curves for breastfeeding in the first 12 months of life in each group. Cox regression was used to estimate effect size. Results: Survival curves showed a significant intervention effect on breastfeeding rates only when adolescent mothers did not live with their own mothers. In the intervention arms, the risk of weaning before the 12th month of life was 49% lower when adolescent mothers did not live with their own mothers (HR = 0·51, 95%CI 0·30–0·85) and 26% lower (HR = 0·74, 95%CI 0·47–1·16) when they did. Conclusions: Systematic breastfeeding counselling sessions, begun at the maternity ward and continued by means of home visits, can lead to a significant increase in the duration of breastfeeding by adolescent mothers. However, grandmother co-residence may have a negative impact on intervention outcomes. A distinct approach to breastfeeding promotion is required in such cases.

abstract: When my attention was brought to the overwhelming lack of family policy support in the United States, my curiosity led me to look into what other industrialized nations are doing to support growing families and find out what policies and programs have been put in place to better facilitate the work-home balance. I first provide a brief background context of family policy in the United States, leading up to the development and implementation of our nation's parental leave legislation, the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA). I present the crucial concerns of this provision, as well as the effects that policy has on children's well-being. The second major part of this analysis deals with child care programs and the myriad challenges so many families encounter in this realm. Specifically addressed are the topics of affordability, accessibility and quality of child care found in the U.S. After an in-depth look at U.S. policies, I transition to a comparative analysis of parental leave and child care provision in a range of other nations in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), specifically Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, France, Sweden and Norway. I carefully chose these countries to offer a broad spectrum of family policies to compare to our own. I then return to a discussion of limitations of U.S. family policy and the values and ideology it represents, as well as the importance of strengthening such policies. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education 2012

The availability of the health care in the 19thcentury was not very good from the geographical and economical point of view because in the countryside the care was provided by less qualified people. The care of a child was mainly only at home. Mothers took care of the children on their own. They got information and experience from elder more experienced women in their surroundings. There are many myths and superstition related to the health care at this time. The culture of the society and the religious views influenced the treatment of children at that time. The paediatrics as an independent branch of science began to develop at the turn of the 19thand 20thcentury. In connection to this progress the attention was also focused on development of children´s health care. There were established first children´s departments and the care moved slowly to hospitals. The ways of the care of children changed during the historical development. A big progress in treatment of children was in the 20th century. The nursing schools and other hospitals were established. We can also register an increase in number of professional literature dealing with treatment and education of children of different age period. The consultancy for the mother and the child started to extend. The myths and superstitions were slowly forced out of information with scientific basis. The care of community was developed in the middle of the 20th century. It was a response to the bad availability of the health care in the country. In 80s of the 20th century has been introduced a new way of care of the mother and the child in maternity units, so called roaming-in that has functioned successfullytoday. The main priority of the children´s health care is to ensure good health care for children at all age, not only in hospital but also in the health. The goal of this thesis was to map the development of the health care at children´s age in the area of the Czech Republic. The research was based on the qualitative method. Acquired results through a content analysis data were divided according to particular periods of time. Mapping of the development of the health care at children´s age in the area of the Czech Republic may provide a complete view not only for nurses but for all medical staff and non-professional people.

Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto de uma estratégia de promoção do aleitamento materno, baseada em múltiplas sessões de aconselhamento em amamentação direcionadas a mães adolescentes e avós maternas, na duração dessa prática. Método: Foi conduzido ensaio clínico randomizado, em Porto Alegre, de maio de 2006 a janeiro de 2009, envolvendo 323 mães adolescentes, alocadas para quatro grupos distintos: (1) adolescentes não coabitando com suas mães, sem intervenção; (2) adolescentes não coabitando com suas mães, com intervenção para as mães; (3) adolescentes coabitando com suas mães, sem intervenção; (4) adolescentes coabitando com suas mães, com intervenção direcionada a ambas. A intervenção consistiu de seis sessões de aconselhamento em amamentação, a primeira na maternidade e as demais aos 7, 15, 30, 60 e 120 dias no domicílio. As informações sobre as práticas alimentares das crianças foram coletadas, por telefone, mensalmente até os seis meses e 8, 10 e 12 meses dos bebês. O impacto da intervenção foi avaliado comparando-se as curvas de sobrevida do aleitamento materno nos primeiros 12 meses de vida das crianças nos diferentes grupos, e a regressão de Cox estimou a magnitude do impacto. Resultados: A comparação das curvas de sobrevida mostrou que a intervenção teve impacto significativo nas taxas de aleitamento materno apenas para o grupo em que a avó não residia junto com a mãe e a criança. Com a intervenção, o risco de desmame nos primeiros 12 meses foi 49% menor no grupo de adolescentes que não coabitava com as avós (RDI = 0,51; IC95% 0,30-0,85), e 26% menor (RDI = 0,74; IC95% 0,47-1,16) no grupo das mães que coabitavam com as avós. Conclusões: É possível aumentar significativamente a duração do aleitamento materno em mães adolescentes com sessões sistemáticas de aconselhamento em amamentação iniciadas na maternidade e mantidas nos domicílios. No entanto, a coabitação dessas mães com as avós maternas das crianças pode interferir negativamente nos resultados da intervenção, exigindo abordagem diferenciada. / Background: We assessed the impact of a breastfeeding promotion strategy based on multiple counselling sessions directed at adolescent mothers and their own mothers (the maternal grandmothers of their children) on the duration of breastfeeding. Methods: A randomised clinical trial was conducted involving 323 adolescent mothers, assigned to four distinct groups as follows: (1) adolescent mothers not living with their own mothers, no intervention; (2) adolescent mothers not living with their own mothers, with intervention; (3) adolescent mothers living with their own mothers, no intervention; and (4) adolescent mothers living with their own mothers, with intervention directed toward both. The study intervention consisted of six breastfeeding counselling sessions, the first one held at the maternity ward and the others at home (at 7, 15, 30, 60, and 120 days). Information on feeding practices was collected monthly until the 6th month of life and at 8, 10, and 12 months thereafter, by means of telephone interviews. Intervention effect was assessed by comparison of survival curves for breastfeeding in the first 12 months of life in each group. Cox regression was used to estimate effect size. Results: Survival curves showed a significant intervention effect on breastfeeding rates only when adolescent mothers did not live with their own mothers. In the intervention arms, the risk of weaning before the 12th month of life was 49% lower when adolescent mothers did not live with their own mothers (HR = 0·51, 95%CI 0·30–0·85) and 26% lower (HR = 0·74, 95%CI 0·47–1·16) when they did. Conclusions: Systematic breastfeeding counselling sessions, begun at the maternity ward and continued by means of home visits, can lead to a significant increase in the duration of breastfeeding by adolescent mothers. However, grandmother co-residence may have a negative impact on intervention outcomes. A distinct approach to breastfeeding promotion is required in such cases.