Submitted by Sabrina de Cassia Martins null (sabrismartins@gmail.com) on 2017-02-08T15:06:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese-Sabrina Martins_VERSÃO FINAL.pdf: 4892311 bytes, checksum: ded93001eeec82424d2a73ec7626a3d8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-02-13T18:13:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 martins_sc_dr_sjrp.pdf: 4892311 bytes, checksum: ded93001eeec82424d2a73ec7626a3d8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-13T18:13:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 martins_sc_dr_sjrp.pdf: 4892311 bytes, checksum: ded93001eeec82424d2a73ec7626a3d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-12 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A presente tese tem como objeto de estudo a terminologia da Fauna e da Flora cuja formação envolve o uso do vocabulário das cores. Nosso estudo abrange dois temas gerais: por um lado, a contribuição dos nomes de cores para a variação denominativa em terminologia a partir de uma perspectiva interlinguística; por outro, a descrição de tais variantes em uma obra lexicográfica especializada e multilíngue. A fim de delimitar a nossa pesquisa, concentramo-nos na análise de dois subdomínios da Biologia: a Botânica, especificamente as Angiospermas (monocotiledôneas e eudicotiledôneas), e a Zoologia, exclusivamente os Vertebrados (peixes, anfíbios, répteis, aves e mamíferos). Dessa forma, visamos, em primeiro lugar, ampliar o Dicionário Onomasiológico de Expressões Cromáticas da Fauna e Flora por meio da inserção em sua microestrutura dos correspondentes das palavras-entrada em línguas inglesa e italiana. Seguindo a metodologia proposta em nosso Mestrado (MARTINS, 2013), utilizamos o Corpus Web para a busca e validação dos correspondentes. Em segundo, uma vez verificada a existência de correspondentes para cada entrada, realizamos sua análise estrutural, observando o papel desses itens para a divulgação dos conceitos da Fauna e da Flora em outras culturas. Em terceiro, examinamos as possíveis causas que atuam na formação de tais unidades e que propiciam ou não a escolha do item cor nas línguas em estudo, isto é, português, inglês e italiano. Por último, ainda em relação à obra lexicográfica, propomos formular a metodologia mais adequada para a implementação de uma plataforma on-line que contribuirá para minimizar as divergências terminológicas nessa área, para a normatização de conceitos e para o estabelecimento da comunicação entre culturas. Enfatizamos que o nosso interesse é motivado pelo papel ativo dos nomes de cores na expansão do léxico e a investigação dessa fatia lexical é uma forma de evidenciar o uso dos nomes de cores para a difusão da terminologia da Fauna e da Flora. Finalmente, visamos contribuir qualitativamente, tanto no aspecto teórico (por meio das reflexões apresentadas) quanto no metodológico, para o âmbito das pesquisas que se limitam ao estudo do léxico, bem como para o conjunto das obras lexicográficas produzidas no Brasil. / The present thesis has as its object of study the terminology of Fauna and Flora composed by color names. Hence, it deals with two major themes: on one hand, the contribution of color names to the denominative variation in Terminology from a interlinguistic perspective; on the other, the description of such variants in a multilingual and specialized lexicographical work. In order to delimit our research, we concentrate our analysis on two subdomains of Biology: Botany, specifically the Angiosperms (monocotyledons and dicotyledons), and Zoology, specifically the Vertebrates (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals). In this manner, it aims, firstly, to extend the Onomasiological Dictionary of Chromatic Phrases of Fauna and Flora by inserting in the microstructure the equivalents of the entries in English and Italian languages. Following the methodology proposed in a prior research (MARTINS, 2013), we use the Corpus Web to collect and validate the equivalents. Secondly, once checked the existence of equivalents for each entry, it intends to realize their structural analysis, observing the role of these denominative variants to the propagation of Fauna and Flora concepts in other cultures. Thirdly, examining the probable causes that actuate in the formation of such units and that propitiate or not the choice of the color name in the languages in study, i.e., Portuguese, English and Italian. Finally, still regarding the lexicographical work, we propose to formulate an appropriate methodology for the implementation of an on-line platform that will contribute to minimize terminological variances in this area, to concepts normalization, as well as to the communication among cultures. We would like to emphasize that our interest is motivated by the active role of color names in the expansion of the lexicon and the study of this vocabulary demonstrates the importance of color names to the diffusion of Fauna and Flora terminology. To sum up, we expect to contribute qualitatively, as in the theoretical aspect (by means of the reflections presented in the following pages) as in the methodological aspect, to the range of the lexical studies, as well as to the set of lexicographical works produced in Brazil. / FAPESP: 2013/09232-1

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar a suscetibilidade a ensaios de intemperismo acelerado de cinco rochas usadas no patrimônio histórico e cultural das cidades do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, para determinar suas resistências frente a: ambientes quimicamente agressivos por meio de exposições em câmaras saturadas de SO2 e NaCl; imersão parcial em soluções ácidas e alcalina (H2SO4, HCl, HNO3 e NaOH); e ciclagens de choque térmico. As rochas abordadas no estudo foram: Granito Itaquera, Granito Cinza Mauá e Monzonito Preto Piracaia, de São Paulo; Gnaisse Facoidal do Rio de Janeiro e um mármore branco do Espírito Santo. Com exceção do mármore, incluído no estudo devido aos diversos monumentos históricos feitos em mármores dos mais variados, todas as rochas tiveram larga utilização na construção de edifícios e monumentos das duas cidades. Nas rochas submetidas às alterações foram feitas determinações, previamente e posteriormente aos ensaios, de suas características físicas: densidade, porosidade, absorção de água, absorção de água por capilaridade, absorção de água por tubo de Karsten, índice de resistência ao carregamento pontual, velocidade de propagação de ondas ultrassônicas, resistência superficial por martelo de rebote (martelo de Schmidt) e cor por espectrofotometria. Foram efetuadas também análises petrográficas das rochas e difratometria de raios X em sais gerados nos corpos parcialmente imersos em soluções. A caracterização das rochas sãs foi catalogada com o intuito de contribuir com estudos de conservação-restauração futuros, considerando que o acesso a pedreiras e disponibilidade das mesmas tendem a diminuir, devido à urbanização e exaustão de pedreiras. Dentre as alterações impostas, a que mais impactou as rochas foi a do choque térmico. As alterações de caráter químico foram mais agressivas sobre o mármore, gerando alterações mais sutis nos outros litotipos, conforme era esperado. Os métodos de velocidade de propagação de ondas ultrassônicas e a resistência superficial por martelo de rebote permitiram inferir que as alterações ocorridas foram predominantemente superficiais, uma vez que ocorreu maior perda de resistência superficial do que redução de velocidade. A rocha que apresenta maior perda de resistência superficial é o Monzonito Preto Piracaia, que em contrapartida apresenta baixa alteração de velocidade ultrassônica. A alteração de cor foi expressiva em todas as rochas, sendo o procedimento de imersão parcial em soluções ácidas o mais agressivo. / The purpose of this research was to evaluate the susceptibility to accelerated weathering tests of five rocks used in the historical and cultural patrimony of the cities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo in order to determine their resistance to: chemically aggressive environments through exposure to SO2 and NaCl in saturated chambers; partial immersion in acidic and alkaline solutions (H2SO4, HCl, HNO3 and NaOH); and thermal shock cycling. The rocks covered in the study were: Itaquera Granite, Gray Mauá Granite and Black Piracaia Monzonite, from São Paulo; Augen Gneiss from Rio de Janeiro and a white marble from Espirito Santo. All the rocks have been widely used in the construction of buildings and monuments of the two cities, except for the marble, which was included in the study due to its use in various historical monuments. To the rocks subjected to the artificial weathering, determinations of their physical characteristics were made, before and after the tests: density, porosity, water absorption, water absorption by capillarity, water absorption by Karsten tube, point load strength index, ultrasound pulse velocity, surface resistance by rebound hammer (Schmidt\'s hammer) and color by spectrophotometry. Also, petrographic analyses of the rocks and X - ray diffraction in salts generated in the bodies partially immersed in solutions were carried out. The characterization of unaltered rocks was cataloged with the intention of contributing to future studies of conservation and restoration, considering that the access to quarries and their availability tend to decrease due to the urbanization and exhaustion of quarries. Among the alterations imposed, thermal shock was the one that most affected the rocks. While chemical alterations were more aggressive on the marble, more subtle alterations were observed in the other lithotypes, as expected. The ultrasonic wave propagation velocity methods and the surface resistance by rebound hammer allowed to infer that the alterations occurred were predominantly superficial, since there was a greater loss of surface resistance than reduction of velocity. The rock that presented the greatest loss of surface resistance is the Black Piracaia Monzonite, which in turn has a low ultrasonic velocity change. The color change was significant in all rocks, with the partial immersions in acidic solutions being the most forceful procedure for this characteristic.

A vasta disponibilidade de materiais para revestimento de fachadas, propicia inúmeras intervenções na paisagem urbana. Esta pesquisa apresenta uma análise da aplicação destes materiais na arquitetura contemporânea paulistana, e está embasada na teoria e prática do uso das cores, tendo os atributos da cor, matiz, luminosidade e saturação e sua relação com no cenário urbano, o objetivo principal de estudo. Partindo do conhecimento dos conceitos e definições da cor, registrados por cientistas, filósofos e aplicados nas artes e na arquitetura, nos debruçamos sobre os ensinamentos de Josef Albers (1888-1976) na Bauhaus, escola de arte e design alemã, e nas reflexões de John Ruskin (1819-1900), sobre o emprego de cores através da escolha de materiais. O uso da cor nas fachadas, é de grande expressão também na arquitetura moderna, aqui representada por Le Corbusier (1887-1965) no emblemático projeto da Unidade de Habitação de Marselha. Vemos na sequência, a diversidade contemporânea nas aplicações cromáticas nos revestimentos dos edifícios, a fachada de vidros coloridos no projeto de Sauerbruch & Hutton (1989-) e os tons naturais de Herzog & de Meuron, utilizados no centro de artes CaixaForum em Madrid. Investigamos o percurso da verticalização da cidade de São Paulo, para um diagnóstico dos materiais disponíveis e utilizados em diferentes momentos de ocupação dos bairros paulistanos pelos edifícios, avançando até a transformação da Vila Olímpia, quando os espigões eclodem e preenchem as ruas, antes ocupadas por chácaras e indústrias que passam a dar lugar às edificações comerciais, atendendo à especulação imobiliária. Tomando como estudo de caso, a Rua do Rócio foi eleita como representante simbólica da arquitetura contemporânea paulistana, por conter em seus lotes, edifícios representativos desta arquitetura e por nos permitir a execução de um levantamento cromático amplo e diversificado dos seus materiais de fachada. / The vast availability of materials for façade cladding provides countless interventions in urban landscaping. This research presents an analysis on the application of these materials in São Paulo\'s contemporary architecture and it is based on the theory and practice of the use of colors and the main objective os this study is color attributes, hue, luminosity, saturation and its relation with the urban scenery. With the starting point of concepts and color definitions, registered by scientists, philosophers and applied in arts and architecture, we make use of the teachings of Josef Albers (1888-1976) at Bauhaus, German art and design school, and the reflections of John Ruskin (1819-1900) on using colors through materials choice. The use of colors on façades is of great expression also in modern architecture, here represented by Le Corbusier (1887-1965) in the emblematic project of Marseille\'s Unité d\'Habitation. Following that we see the contemporary diversity in chromatic applications in buildings claddings, glasses façades in the Sauerbruch & Hutton project (1989-) and the natural tones of Herzog & de Meuron, used in the CaixaForum art center in Madrid. We researched the verticalization route in the city of São Paulo for diagnosing available materials which were used in different moments of São Paulo\'s borough\'s occupation by buildings, going towards the transformation of Vila Olímpia, when high-rises emerge and fill the streets which were previously small farms and industries; now they give way to commercial buildings, catering to real estate speculation. As a case study, the Rócio Street was chosen was a symbolic representative of São Paulo\'s contemporary architecture for having architecturally representative buildings in its lots and allowing us to perform a wide and diverse chromatic study of its façade materials.

A good image representation is vital for image comparision and classification; it may affect the classification accuracy and efficiency. The purpose of this thesis was to explore novel and appropriate image representations. Another aim was to investigate these representations for image classification. Finally, novel features were examined for improving image classification accuracy. Images of interest to this thesis were textile design images. The motivation of analysing textile design images is to help designers browse images, fuel their creativity, and improve their design efficiency. In recent years, bag-of-words model has been shown to be a good base for image representation, and there have been many attempts to go beyond this representation. Bag-of-words models have been used frequently in the classification of image data, due to good performance and simplicity. “Words” in images can have different definitions and are obtained through steps of feature detection, feature description, and codeword calculation. The model represents an image as an orderless collection of local features. However, discarding the spatial relationships of local features limits the power of this model. This thesis exploited novel image representations, bag of shapes and region label graphs models, which were based on bag-of-words model. In both models, an image was represented by a collection of segmented regions, and each region was described by shape descriptors. In the latter model, graphs were constructed to capture the spatial information between groups of segmented regions and graph features were calculated based on some graph theory. Novel elements include use of MRFs to extract printed designs and woven patterns from textile images, utilisation of the extractions to form bag of shapes models, and construction of region label graphs to capture the spatial information. The extraction of textile designs was formulated as a pixel labelling problem. Algorithms for MRF optimisation and re-estimation were described and evaluated. A method for quantitative evaluation was presented and used to compare the performance of MRFs optimised using alpha-expansion and iterated conditional modes (ICM), both with and without parameter re-estimation. The results were used in the formation of the bag of shapes and region label graphs models. Bag of shapes model was a collection of MRFs' segmented regions, and the shape of each region was described with generic Fourier descriptors. Each image was represented as a bag of shapes. A simple yet competitive classification scheme based on nearest neighbour class-based matching was used. Classification performance was compared to that obtained when using bags of SIFT features. To capture the spatial information, region label graphs were constructed to obtain graph features. Regions with the same label were treated as a group and each group was associated uniquely with a vertex in an undirected, weighted graph. Each region group was represented as a bag of shape descriptors. Edges in the graph denoted either the extent to which the groups' regions were spatially adjacent or the dissimilarity of their respective bags of shapes. Series of unweighted graphs were obtained by removing edges in order of weight. Finally, an image was represented using its shape descriptors along with features derived from the chromatic numbers or domination numbers of the unweighted graphs and their complements. Linear SVM classifiers were used for classification. Experiments were implemented on data from Liberty Art Fabrics, which consisted of more than 10,000 complicated images mainly of printed textile designs and woven patterns. Experimental data was classified into seven classes manually by assigning each image a text descriptor based on content or design type. The seven classes were floral, paisley, stripe, leaf, geometric, spot, and check. The result showed that reasonable and interesting regions were obtained from MRF segmentation in which alpha-expansion with parameter re-estimation performs better than alpha-expansion without parameter re-estimation or ICM. This result was not only promising for textile CAD (Computer-Aided Design) to redesign the textile image, but also for image representation. It was also found that bag of shapes model based on MRF segmentation can obtain comparable classification accuracy with bag of SIFT features in the framework of nearest neighbour class-based matching. Finally, the result indicated that incorporation of graph features extracted by constructing region label graphs can improve the classification accuracy compared to both bag of shapes model and bag of SIFT models.

In this thesis, we will study several domination parameters of a family of graphs known as complementary prisms. We will first present the basic terminology and definitions necessary to understand the topic. Then, we will examine the known results addressing the domination number and the total domination number of complementary prisms. After this, we will present our main results, namely, results on the restrained domination number of complementary prisms. Subsequently results on the distance - k domination number, 2-step domination number and stratification of complementary prisms will be presented. Then, we will characterize when a complementary prism is Eulerian or bipartite, and we will obtain bounds on the chromatic number of a complementary prism. We will finish the thesis with a section on possible future problems.

The boxicity of a graph G, denoted as box(G), is the minimum dimension d for which each vertex of G can be mapped to a d-dimensional axis-parallel box in Rd such that two boxes intersect if and only if the corresponding vertices of G are adjacent. An axis-parallel box is a generalized rectangle with sides parallel to the coordinate axes. If additionally, we restrict all sides of the rectangle to be of unit length, the new parameter so obtained is called the cubicity of the graph G, denoted by cub(G). F.S. Roberts had shown that for a graph G with n vertices, box(G) ≤ and cub(G) ≤ . A minimum vertex cover of a graph G is a minimum cardinality subset S of the vertex set of G such that each edge of G has at least one endpoint in S. We show that box(G) ≤ +1 and cub(G)≤ t+ ⌈log2(n −t)⌉−1 where t is the cardinality of a minimum vertex cover. Both these bounds are tight. For a bipartite graph G, we show that box(G) ≤ and this bound is tight. We observe that there exist graphs of very high boxicity but with very low chromatic num-ber. For example, there exist bipartite (2 colorable) graphs with boxicity equal to . Interestingly, if boxicity is very close to , then the chromatic number also has to be very high. In particular, we show that if box(G) = −s, s ≥ 02, then x(G) ≥ where X(G) is the chromatic number of G. We also discuss some known techniques for findingan upper boundon the boxicityof a graph -representing the graph as the intersection of graphs with boxicity 1 (boxicity 1 graphs are known as interval graphs) and covering the complement of the graph by co-interval graphs (a co-interval graph is the complement of an interval graph).

En este trabajo se describe un simulador visual de óptica adaptativa (SVOA) empleado con dos objetivos: primero, el testeo y diseño de perfiles de fase progresivos para extender la profundidad de foco y segundo el estudio del efecto de la aberración cromática longitudinal y su acoplamiento con la aberración esférica en el ojo humano.Diversos perfiles de fase progresivos fueron analizados en el SVOA, resultando un excelente acuerdo con las simulaciones teóricas. Algunos de estos perfiles fueron implementados físicamente en lentes de contacto y evaluados visualmente. La buena concordancia que se encontró entre esta evaluación y la obtenida simulando el perfil con el SVOA validan todo el procedimiento y el sistema.También se llevaron a cabo medidas de la capacidad visual combinando la corrección de las aberraciones cromática y esférica. Los resultados indican que la mejor calidad de visión se produce al eliminar al mismo tiempo ambas aberraciones. / An adaptive optics visual simulator (AOVS) is described in this work. It was used to test and design progressive phase profiles to extend depth of focus, and to study the combined effect of both, the longitudinal chromatic aberration and the spherical aberration in the human eye.A set of progressive phase profiles were tested using the AOVS, obtaining an excellent agreement with the theoretical simulations. Some of these phase profiles were implemented on contact lenses and visually tested. Again the results agreed with the evaluation carried out through the AOVS, validating the instrument.Visual performance was also tested correcting either chromatic aberration or spherical aberration or both, resulting the best performance when both aberrations are simultaneously corrected.

Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1714-1788) published his Versuch über die wahre Art das Clavier zu spielen in 1753 and 1762. It was the most important essay on keyboard performance practice of the mid-eighteenth century. The publication of this book also made C. P. E. Bach the most influential keyboard pedagogue of the eighteenth century. The last chapter of the Versüch, titled ¡§Improvisation¡¨, explains his concepts of ¡§Freie Fantasia¡¨ and provides suggestions for performing the fantasia. C. P. E. Bach points out that Freie Fantasia is a kind of composition in which the performer has much freedom for improvising and for expressing his emotion. This thesis is divided into three sections, excluding the introduction and the conclusion. The first section discusses the development of the fantasia before the eighteenth century. It explores the change of styles and compositional technique of the fantasia from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century. The second part includes an introduction of the life of C. P. E. Bach, his style of composition, technique of improvisation and how he applies his improvisational techniques in his fantasia. The third part provides the definition of ¡§Freie Fantasia¡¨, discusses the influences of J. S. Bach¡¦s Chromatic Fantasia and Fugue in D Minor on him, and elaborates on the characteristics of the Freie Fantasia, including the recitative style, meter-free and formal structure, virtuosic passages, bold modulations, and the use of contrasting materials. Examples are also provided in this part.

Δίκτυα που εμφανίζουν μόνιμα μια συγκεκριμένη ιδιότητα ανεξάρτητα από το μέγεθος και την πυκνότητά τους ονομάζονται ανεξάρτητα από την κλίμακα (scale-free). Σε πολλά πραγματικά δίκτυα αυτή η ιδιότητα ταυτίζεται με την κατανομή των βαθμών των κόμβων σύμφωνα με τον νόμο της δύναμης με εκθέτη στο διάστημα [2..4]. Η εργασία παρουσιάζει τρία στατικά μοντέλα κατασκευής scale-free δικτύων με την παραπάνω ιδιότητα, βασισμένα στο δυναμικό μοντέλο Barabási-Albert, και επιχειρεί να προσεγγίσει πειραματικά τον χρωματικό τους αριθμό. / Networks that exhibit a certain quality irrespective of their size and density are called scale-free. In many real-life networks this quality coincides with a power-law distribution of the nodes' degree with exponent ranging in [2..4]. This work presents three static models for constructing scale-free networks, based on the dynamic Barabási-Albert model, and attempts to experimentally approximate their chromatic number.

In this work, measurements and simulations were used to investigate the effects of grinding wheel topography on the geometric aspects of the grinding process. Since existing methods for measuring the grinding wheels were either not accurate enough or could only measure a small portion of a grinding wheel, a novel grinding wheel measurement system was developed. This system consists of a white light chromatic sensor, a custom designed positioning system and software. The resulting wheel scanning system was capable of measuring an entire grinding wheel with micron level accuracy. The system was used to investigate the effects of fine, medium and course dressing on grinding wheel surface topology and the resulting workpiece surface. New techniques were also developed to simulate metal removal in grinding. The simulation software consisted of a stochastic wheel model, dressing model and metal removal model. The resulting software could determine the uncut chip thickness, contact length for every cutting edge on a grinding wheel as well as the resulting surface roughness of the grinding wheel. The simulation was validated by comparing the wheel model used in the simulation to grinding wheel measurements and by comparing the simulated surface finish to the measured surface finish. There was excellent agreement between the predicted and experimentally measured surface topology of the workpiece. The results suggested that only 22 to 30% of the cutting edges exposed on the grinding wheel are active and that the average grinding chip is as much as 10 times thicker and 5 times shorter than would be produced by a grinding wheel with a regular arrangement of cutting edges as assumed by existing analytical approaches.