Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, 2008. / Submitted by Kathryn Cardim Araujo (kathryn.cardim@gmail.com) on 2009-09-10T11:57:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008camiladecarvalhopires.PDF: 26877690 bytes, checksum: 2312693abc2ad845e3f8e3e468ab1761 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luanna Maia(luanna@bce.unb.br) on 2009-09-14T16:13:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008camiladecarvalhopires.PDF: 26877690 bytes, checksum: 2312693abc2ad845e3f8e3e468ab1761 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2009-09-14T16:13:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008camiladecarvalhopires.PDF: 26877690 bytes, checksum: 2312693abc2ad845e3f8e3e468ab1761 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-17 / A fim de verificar as potencialidades cicloviárias do Plano Piloto de Brasília, o trabalho aborda problemas e questões da mobilidade urbana na cidade de estudo, com ênfase no uso do espaço público. A prioridade dada ao transporte motorizado individual pela política e pela configuração da infra-estrutura urbana causa problema de segregação espacial, com perda e privatização do espaço coletivo, e social, onde usuários de outros meios de transporte têm seus direitos restritos. Nesse quadro de agravamento da vulnerabilidade de ciclistas e pedestres, se busca a eqüidade no uso do espaço público, e o estímulo à urbanidade. As características do uso da bicicleta como meio de transporte, vantagens e problemas, e os condicionantes envolvidos – atores, contexto urbano e social, são identificados por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e dados estatísticos. Experiências relevantes de uso da bicicleta e de projeto são utilizadas como referência para o desenvolvimento de planejamento cicloviário, cujos conceitos e princípios norteiam o estudo e a proposta a fim realizados.Diagnóstico de uso e demanda é obtido pela análise de dados secundários e pela aplicação de questionário que aponta que a existência de infra-estrutura adequada para a bicicleta é um fator estimulante para seu uso. A amostra de estudantes universitários no Plano Piloto, que possuem uma imagem positiva da bicicleta como meio de transporte, permite identificá-los como potenciais usuários.Estudo das viagens realizadas na área de estudo, e o propósito de estímulo ao uso da bicicleta com base na segurança e na prioridade a esse meio de transporte guiam a discussão de alternativas de implantação de infra-estrutura cicloviária. Condicionadas pelo contexto físico-espacial, as possibilidades constituem a base para o desenho da rede e de seus elementos, com diretrizes e recomendações de projeto. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / In order to verify the cycling potentialities of the Pilot Plan in Brasilia, the work approaches problems and questions of urban mobility in the studied city, with emphasis on the use of public space. The priority that is given to the individual motorized transport by the urban policy and infrastructure configuration causes spatial and social segregation problems, with loss and privatization of public space, and restriction of the others means of transport rights. In this context of increasing vulnerability of cyclists and pedestrians, it’s required the equity in the use of public space and the stimulation of urbanity. The characteristics of the use of the bicycle as a mode of transport, it’s advantages and problems, as well as the involved influences, like actors, urban and social context, are identified by literature research and statistical data. Relevant experiences of the use of bicycle and projects are used as reference for the development of cycle planning, which concepts and principals guide the study and the proposal that is done in the end. Demand and use diagnosis is determined by the analysis of secondary data and the application of a questionnaire, which shows that the existence of appropriate infrastructure for cycling is a motivating reason for its use. The sample of university students in the Pilot Plan, who have a positive image of the bicycle as a way of transport, allows to identify them as potential users. The study of the trips that are done in the studied area, and the purpose of encouraging the use of bicycle based in security and priority to this way of transport guide the discussion of alternatives for the implementation of cycling infrastructure. The possibilities, result of the physical and spatial context, are the basis for designing the cycle network and its elements, with guidelines and recommendations for project.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia Política, Florianópolis, 2015 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-23T04:02:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 337101.pdf: 1394630 bytes, checksum: e9694dd0587d241f00c87204b4c852c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Este trabalho realiza uma análise histórico-social sobre a utilização da bicicleta, por ciclistas e ativistas da cidade de Curitiba, como símbolo político capaz de mobilizar transformações sociais na vida das grandes cidades e promover críticas a um modelo cultural de locomoção e urbanização que tem no carro seu principal símbolo. Buscou-se investigar e expor os contextos global e local de surgimento do ativismo em torno da bicicleta na cidade, assim como as transformações ocorridas no movimento ao longo de seus 9 anos de existência. A pesquisa direcionou seu olhar às mudanças no tipo de ativismo realizado pelo movimento que originou a Bicicletada de Curitiba e que culminou na fundação da Associação de Ciclistas do Alto Iguaçu, a CicloIguaçu, assim como ao perfil político e social de seus participantes conforme o movimento se expandiu e a bicicleta passou a se destacar como meio alternativo de locomoção, símbolo político e identidade. Tais processos são analisados, principalmente, à luz da perspectiva geracional. <br> / Abstract : This work makes a historical and social analysis of the use of bicycles by cyclists and activists in the city of Curitiba (PR - Brazil), as a political symbol capable of mobilizing social changes in the lives of big cities, promoting critics to a cultural model of locomotion and urbanization, that has the car as a main symbol. It was pursued to investigate and expose the global and local contexts of the emergence of activism place around the bicycle in the city, as well as the transformations occurred in the movement throughout its 9 years of existence. The research directed its gaze to changes in the type of activism realized by the movement, giving rise to the "Bicicletada de Curitiba" and that culminated in the creation of the Cyclists Association of Alto Iguaçu, the "CicloIguaçu", as well as to the political and social profile of its participants as the movement expanded and the bicycle began to stand out as an alternative form of locomotion, political symbol and identity. Such processes are analyzed, especially in light of generational perspective.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2018. / Submitted by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2018-08-07T20:45:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2018_ArielaBatistadeSoutoLima.pdf: 11473430 bytes, checksum: b35c0701993c16f2f4f5e2e144785dfd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2018-08-08T19:08:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2018_ArielaBatistadeSoutoLima.pdf: 11473430 bytes, checksum: b35c0701993c16f2f4f5e2e144785dfd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T19:08:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2018_ArielaBatistadeSoutoLima.pdf: 11473430 bytes, checksum: b35c0701993c16f2f4f5e2e144785dfd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-07 / Este estudo apresenta uma proposta de metodologia de avaliação de ciclovia para aplicação em pavimentos rígidos localizados em Brasília – DF. As amostras de estudo estão situadas em áreas urbanas localizadas na Asa Norte, Eixo Monumental/Esplanada dos Ministérios e Campus Darcy Ribeiro da UnB. O programa da pesquisa se desenvolveu contemplando o levantamento das áreas que continham pavimento rígido de ciclovia e análise documental dos projetos de execução dessas ciclovias; levantamento qualitativo e quantitativo das manifestações patológicas incidentes nas ciclovias selecionadas; escolha das áreas e criação das amostras para a consequente aplicação da metodologia. As áreas escolhidas foram identificadas como: Asa Norte L2; Eixo Monumental/Esplanada e UnB 3. A metodologia proposta abrange três diferentes etapas: mensuração da degradação; levantamento do fator de danos total; e obtenção o fator de danos de ciclovia – FDC, sendo esse o principal objetivo do trabalho, criar um fator que avalie a condição de danos das ciclovias. Após a aplicação da metodologia foi possível identificar as anomalias Fissura Transversal; Fissura Longitudinal; Fissura Diagonal; Fissura de Canto; Fissura por Retração Plástica; Quebra Localizada; Quebra de Canto; Esborcinamento; Manchas; Alçamento de Placas; Buracos; Desgaste Superficial; Placa Dividida, como também avaliar os danos das ciclovias estudadas, tendo como resposta que as amostras do grupo com 5 anos (E 5) foram as que apresentam maior danos, seguida pelas amostras do grupo de 3 anos (A. N. L2) e 6 anos (UnB3), e que as patologias identificadas estão ligadas à erros de projeto, execução e mau uso. Ao fim foi feita uma análise estatística dos dados dos diferentes grupos de área/idade, afirmando que são amostras significativamente diferentes, e dentro desses dados existem dois grupos distinto, grupo 1 amostras do grupo de 3 e 6 anos, e o grupo 2 amostras do grupo de 5 anos. / This study presents a proposal of a methodology for evaluating a bike path for application in rigid pavements located in Brasília - DF. The study samples are located in urban areas located in the North Wing, Monumental Axis / Esplanade of Ministries and Campus Darcy Ribeiro of UnB. The research program was developed contemplating the survey of the areas that contained rigid pavement of cycleway and documental analysis of the projects of execution of these cycle lanes; qualitative and quantitative survey of the pathological manifestations incident on the selected bicycle paths; selection of areas and creation of samples for the consequent application of the methodology. The chosen areas were identified as: North Wing L2; Hub Monumental / Esplanade and UnB 3. The proposed methodology covers three different stages: measurement of degradation; total damage factor survey; and obtaining the cycle - damage factor - FDC, this being the main objective of the work, to create a factor that evaluates the damage condition of the bike paths. After the application of the methodology it was possible to identify the anomalies Fissura Transversal; Longitudinal Fissure; Diagonal Fissure; Corner Fissure; Plastic Retraction Fissure; Location Breakage; Corner Break; Spraying; Stains; Plate Load; Holes; Surface Wear; The results of the 5-year group (E 5) were the ones with the greatest damage, followed by the samples of the 3-year (L2 L2) and 6-year (L2) groups. UnB3), and that the pathologies identified are linked to design, execution and misuse errors. At the end, a statistical analysis of the data of the different area / age groups was made, stating that they are significantly different samples, and within these data there are two distinct groups, group 1 samples of the group of 3 and 6 years, and group 2 samples of the group of 5 years.

Orientador: Eduardo Kokubun / Banca: Cassiano Ricardo Rech / Banca: Luis Alberto Gobbo / Banca: Romulo Araújo Fernandes / Adriano Akira Ferreira Hino / Resumo: Diversos estudos vêm demonstrando que o uso da bicicleta como meio de transporte têm efeitos benéficos sobre várias doenças, seja em função do exercício físico em si ou de forma indireta. Porém, a falta de um local adequado para utilização da bicicleta (ciclovias e ciclofaixas) é uma das principais barreiras para os não ciclistas e ciclistas. Os estudos que avaliam o impacto da criação de ciclovias e ciclofaixas na promoção do ciclismo apresentam alguns resultados inconsistentes e há poucos estudos usando medidas objetivas que reportam aumento na atividade física em resposta a essas mudanças ambientais. Pensando nisso, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto da implementação de ciclofaixas na utilização da bicicleta como meio de transporte por adultos residentes na cidade de Rio Claro - SP. Para tal, a pesquisa foi realizada de forma longitudinal constituída por dois momentos (2008 e 2014). No primeiro momento, anterior à criação dos 27,29 quilômetros de ciclofaixas no município, 1588 sujeitos foram entrevistados. Após a criação dessas estruturas, os mesmos sujeitos foram contatados e convidados para participar da segunda etapa dessa pesquisa. O impacto da criação das ciclofaixas foi avaliado de forma objetiva, por meio do Sistema de Informações Geográficas. As informações relativas ao uso de bicicleta como meio de transporte foram obtidas por meio do International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) - versão longa. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizada uma Análise multinível de regressão de Poisson sendo ajustada para variáveis sexo, faixa etária e renda. Por fim, foi elaborado um modelo de equações estruturais a fim de testar as relações entre o uso de bicicleta como meio de transporte e distância para ciclovia, buffer da ciclovia (500m), percepção de proximidade da ciclovia (menos de 1 ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Several studies have demonstrated that the use of bicycle for transportation have beneficial effects on various diseases, whether in function of the physical exercise or indirectly. However, the lack of place for bicycle use (cycle lanes and cycle paths) is one of the main barriers for non- cyclists and cyclists. Studies evaluating the impact of the creation of cycle lanes and cycle paths in the promotion of cycling have some inconsistent results. Furthermore, there are few studies using objective measures that report an increase in physical activity in response to these environmental changes. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the implementation of bicycle lanes in the bicycle use for transportation by adults living in the city of Rio Claro - SP. For that, the research was carried out in a longitudinal way consisting of two moments (2008 and 2014). At the first moment, prior to the creation of the 27,29 kilometers of cycle courses, 1588 subjects were interviewed. After the creation of these structures, the same subjects were contacted and invited to participate in the second stage of this research. The impact of the creation of cycle paths was evaluated objectively through the Geographic Information System. Information about the bicycle use was obtained through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) - long version. For the analysis of the data, a Multi-level Poisson regression analysis was used, being adjusted for variables gender, age group and income. Finally, a Structural Equation Model was developed to test the relationship between bicycle use and distance to a bicycle lane, buffer of the bicycle lane (500m), perception of proximity to the lane, average distance to destinations, perceived barriers to bicycle use (fear of accidents, street ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2007. / Submitted by Fernanda Weschenfelder (nandaweschenfelder@gmail.com) on 2009-11-26T15:32:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_ClarisseRochaFerreira.PDF: 1395754 bytes, checksum: 2dbca0a586bd2ed40176935ec4f77acd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Carolina Campos(carolinacamposmaia@gmail.com) on 2010-01-19T17:36:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_ClarisseRochaFerreira.PDF: 1395754 bytes, checksum: 2dbca0a586bd2ed40176935ec4f77acd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-01-19T17:36:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_ClarisseRochaFerreira.PDF: 1395754 bytes, checksum: 2dbca0a586bd2ed40176935ec4f77acd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07 / Os pavimentos podem ser avaliados mediante levantamentos objetivos e/ou subjetivos, ou ainda por meio de uma combinação de ambos. Os levantamentos subjetivos, baseados na opinião de técnicos da área de pavimentação, constituem uma forma simples e barata para aferição da qualidade de rolamento (ou conforto) oferecido por um dado pavimento. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso no qual analisa-se a qualidade de rolamento de alguns pavimentos cicloviários do Distrito Federal mediante levantamentos subjetivos. Foram selecionadas quatro ciclovias e em cada caso, identificados trechos com 50 metros de extensão, que apresentassem respectivamente revestimento em estado excelente, bom, regular e ruim. Em três casos, o revestimento era constituído por mistura asfáltica e na outra situação, o revestimento era formado por pedras regulares. Utilizando-se uma amostra contendo 26 ciclistas, instruiu-se os participantes a percorrem cada trecho selecionado à velocidades de 10 km/h, 15 km/h e 20 km/h, respectivamente. Além da velocidade, também avaliou-se a influência da pressão de inflação dos pneus (20 psi e 40 psi) e o tipo de pneu utilizado (fino ou largo). Após o deslocamento em cada trecho o participante preencheu um questionário informando numa escala de zero (péssimo) a cinco (excelente) sua percepção quanto ao conforto oferecido pelo pavimento e se aquele pavimento seria aceitável em termos de conforto oferecido ao usuário. Além disso, o questionário também coletou informações quanto às características do usuário (peso, altura, freqüência com que pedala, propósito quando pedala e distância percorrida quando pedala, entre outros). A partir dessas informações foram desenvolvidas análises estatísticas a fim de identificar quais os parâmetros independentes apresentavam correlação estatística com a percepção de conforto dos participantes. Mediante análises de regressão múltipla, constatou-se que a velocidade foi a variável que mais contribuiu nos modelos determinados, sendo na maioria dos casos o parâmetro preponderante. A altura foi a segunda variável que mais contribuiu nos modelos estatísticos. O tipo de pneu e pressão de inflação também contribuíram em todos os modelos, porém em menor porcentagem. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The evaluation of pavements may be performed through objective, subjective or combining both types of measurement. The subjective measurements, based on the opinion of pavement technicians, constitute an easy and cheap procedure to check the ride quality (comfort) of pavements. This research presents a case study developed on selected cycleways located in Federal District - Brazil, where subjective measurements were accomplished. The study chose four cycleways and for each cycleway, some pavement stretches with a 50 meter length were selected. These pavement sections presented excelent, good, fair and poor surface condition, respectively. The pavement surface on three cycleways was built with asphalt mixture, whereas the other one, built with small paving-stone. Considering a sample with 26 cyclists, these participants were asked to ride over every stretch at a speed of 10 km/h, 15 km/h and 20 km/h, respectively. Further, besides the change of speed, the study evaluated the influence of tire inflation pressure (20 psi and 40 psi) as well as the type of tire used (slim or fat). After riding the pavement section, the participant filled a questionnaire informing in a scale ranging from zero (poor) to five (excellent) the ride comfort perceived during the ride as well as telling if that stretch would be acceptable in terms of comfort offered to user. The questionnaire also collected data about cyclist characteristics (weight, height, riding frequency, purpose when riding and distance traveled when riding). From these data, statistical analyses where accomplished in order to determine which independent parameters presented statistical correlation with the cyclists feeling of comfort. By means of analyses of multiple regression, one evidenced that the speed was the variable that more contributed in the determined models, being in the majority of the cases the preponderant parameter. The height was the second variable that more contributed in the statistical models. The type of tire and pressure of inflation had also contributed in all the models, however in lesser percentage.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, 2011. / Submitted by Shayane Marques Zica (marquacizh@uol.com.br) on 2011-09-30T20:28:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_FernandoCamargoChapadeiro.pdf: 2676127 bytes, checksum: 597a1f0828b4f68f7b8bbd82be9baa27 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Mariana Guedes(mari_biblio@hotmail.com) on 2011-10-14T12:05:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_FernandoCamargoChapadeiro.pdf: 2676127 bytes, checksum: 597a1f0828b4f68f7b8bbd82be9baa27 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-10-14T12:05:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_FernandoCamargoChapadeiro.pdf: 2676127 bytes, checksum: 597a1f0828b4f68f7b8bbd82be9baa27 (MD5) / Grande parte das políticas públicas voltadas para mobilidade urbana valorizam os deslocamentos por automóveis, deixando de lado os modos não motorizados. Os espaços tornam-se inadequados para comportar de maneira harmônica a quantidade crescente de veículos motorizados e pessoas que realizam seus deslocamentos a pé ou de bicicleta. Para encarar estes problemas são necessárias novas soluções para inserção da bicicleta no ambiente urbano de forma efetiva. Os modelos tradicionais de planejamento de transporte não são capazes de solucioná-los, pois praticamente ignoram os modos não motorizados.Considerando o que foi exposto, o problema a ser tratado no presente trabalho consiste em como vencer a dificuldade de planejar a mobilidade por bicicletas com os instrumentos disponíveis para o planejamento de transportes. A partir deste entendimento, a busca por uma participação popular nas questões urbanas voltadas para a mobilidade por bicicletas, pode ocasionar a construção de cidades com melhores formas de acessibilidade. Por meio do planejamento cicloviário participativo tem-se estruturação do conhecimento dos próprios atores locais e a combinação de estratégias que equilibram a demanda por transportes características de uso do solo, tão raros nos processos de planejamento das cidades. Após o estudo de experiências internacionais e brasileiras, apontam-se os limites e potencialidades da abordagem participativa, no processo planejamento cicloviário, foco deste trabalho. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / Much of the public policies related to urban mobility value offsets for cars, leaving aside the non-motorized modes. The spaces become inadequate to behave harmonic increasing amount of motor vehicles and people who do their traveling by foot or by bicycle. Toad dress these problems need new solutions for the insertion of the bicycle in the urban environment effectively. Traditional models of transportation planning are not able to solve them, because virtually ignore non-motorized modes. Considering the above, the problem to be dealt with in this work consists in overcoming the difficulty of planning for mobility bicycles with the tools for transportation planning. From this understanding, the search for popular participation in the issues facing urban mobility by bicycle can cause build cities with better forms of accessibility. Through the participatory planning bicycle has been structuring the knowledge of local actors themselves and the combination of strategies that balance the demand for transport and land use characteristics, so rare in the planning of cities. After the study of international and brazilian experiences, point to the limits and potential of the participatory approach in the bicycle planning process, focus of this work.

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2018-06-13T18:58:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 49008443 bytes, checksum: 19e6dcf52e7a0f22d6e04436b5eb14b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-13T18:58:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 49008443 bytes, checksum: 19e6dcf52e7a0f22d6e04436b5eb14b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho foi dividido em dois estudos de caso. O primeiro buscou identificar as variáveis socioeconômicas, as distâncias e os fatores comportamentais que motivam o uso do transporte cicloviário em universidades. O segundo teve como objetivo a proposição de uma metodologia para elaboração de rotas cicláveis em campi universitários. Ambos estudos tiveram como local de análise o campus Viçosa da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. A metodologia proposta para esses estudos consistiu das seguintes etapas: (i) aplicação de questionário; (ii) identificação do local de moradia da população; (iii) análise estatística descritiva e multivariada; (iv) relacionar as variáveis socioeconômicas e as distâncias do local de moradia ate' a universidade com a escolha do modo de transporte; (V) identificar as componentes principais da percepção dos usuários; (vi) reconhecimento da infraestrutura viária existente na área de estudo; (Vii) análise das regulamentações de infraestruturas cicloviárias vigentes no Brasil; (viii) realização de contagens classificatórias direcionadas de veículos; (ix) tratamento de dados; (x) elaboração de propostas; (xi) análise de viabilidade técnica das propostas apresentadas; (xii) validação das propostas viáveis. Como resultados todas as variáveis socioeconômicas testadas e a distância demostraram-se influentes na escolha do modo de transporte. Obteve-se também quatro componentes principais com a análise fatorial, dentre elas: a segurança, o benefício, a facilidade e os fatores estruturais. Além disso, as ciclovias e ciclofaixas foram as infraestruturas cicloviárias propostas para o campus Viçosa da UFV. A metodologia proposta para a implantação de infraestruturas cicloviárias em campi universitários, bem como a identificação dos motivos que levam a comunidade acadêmica a utilizar bicicletas, podem auxiliar os planejadores de transportes a promovê-las em universidades. / This work was divided into two case studies. The first one sought to identify the socioeconomic variables, the distances and the behavioral factors that motivate the use of cycle transport in universities. The second one had the objective of proposing a methodology for the elaboration of cycling routes in university campuses. Both studies had as analysis site the Viçosa campus of the Federal University of Viçosa. The methodology proposed for these studies consisted of the following steps: (i) questionnaire application; (ii) identification of the dwelling place of the population; (iii) descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis; (iv) to relate the socioeconomic variables and the distances from the place of residence to the university with the choice of mode of transportation; (V) identify the main components of user perception; (vi) recognition of the existing road infrastructure in the study area; (vii) analysis of the bicycling infrastructure regulations in force in Brazil; (viii) conducting classificatory counts of vehicles; (ix) data processing; (x) preparation of proposals; (xi) feasibility analysis of the proposals; (xii) validation of viable proposals. As a result of all socioeconomic variables tested and distance proved to be influential in the choice of mode of transport. We also obtained four main components with factorial analysis, among them: safety, benefit, facility and structural factors. In addition, the bike lanes and bike paths were the viable bicycle infrastructure for the Viçosa campus of the UFV. The proposed methodology for the implementation of cycling infrastructure on university campuses, as well as the identification of the reasons that lead the academic community to use bicycles, can help transport planners to promote them in universities.

Physical inactivity is a leading cause of death worldwide and contributes significantly to the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Physical inactivity has become a global pandemic with the highest prevalence in the region of the Americas. There is strong evidence on the effectiveness of community-based PA interventions, including behavioral and social interventions, campaigns and informational approaches, and policy and environmental modifications to increase physical activity at the population level. The purpose of this dissertation was to examine the impact of two types of community-based interventions to promote leisure-time physical activity using public spaces and their applicability and transferability from the Latin American to the US context. Specifically, three programs were examined: (1) Atlanta Streets Alive (ASA) (the Open Streets initiative inspired by the Bogota Ciclovia, hosted in the city of Atlanta, Georgia, US); (2) the Bogota Recreovia (free PA classes in community settings in the city of Bogota, Colombia); and, (3) Academia Fit (the PA-classes in community settings program adapted from the Brazilian ACP for Latino Communities in San Diego, California, US). This dissertation shows different assessment approaches including a descriptive study, a pre-post natural experiment with multiple control groups, and a translation and implementation study using an evidence-based approach such as the RE-AIM framework. Some of the overall findings include: community-based interventions implemented in public spaces such as Open Streets and PA-classes are promising for increasing moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) on leisure-time within the communities where they are implemented. Besides, these interventions are effective to reach vulnerable populations including low income, women and ethnic minorities such as Hispanics in the US. Finally, the implementation of an Open Streets initiative and a free PA-classes program was feasible (applicable) in Atlanta, GA, in the US and San Diego, CA, respectively.

[pt] Este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa relativa ao tema da mobilidade urbana sustentável, mais especificamente o uso da bicicleta como um meio de transporte urbano. Para esta pesquisa, levantou-se a evolução da tecnologia ao longo dos séculos em especial o desenvolvimento da indústria automobilística no período pós-guerra e identificou-se os principais impactos no território da cidade e seus reflexos nas dinâmicas sociais contemporâneas. A partir disto, foi traçado um panorama dos benefícios da bicicleta como um meio de transporte urbano através de quatro estudos de caso pelo mundo, cada um com suas particularidades: Nova Iorque, Londres, Bogotá e Copenhague. A partir destes exemplos destacaram-se alguns dos principais fatores que influenciam no potencial que uma cidade possui para a utilização da bicicleta como um meio de transporte urbano. Baseado nestes fatores traçou-se um estudo comparativo do Rio de Janeiro dentro de sete categorias de análises distintas: a taxa de motorização; o clima; a segurança e qualidade da malha cicloviária; a integração com outros meios de transporte; as distâncias a serem percorridas; o relevo e a forma urbana; e as políticas de incentivo. / [en] This paper presents a study related to the theme of sustainable urban mobility with a focus on the factors that contribute to the development of a city s potential in regards to the use of the bicycle as a means of urban transportation. For this study, changes in technology over the past centuries, in particular the development of the automobile industry in the postwar period, were examined and main impacts on the city and their reflections in contemporary social dynamics were identified. Based on this, an overview of the benefits of the bicycle as a means of urban transportation was defined employing four case studies from around the world, each with its own peculiarities: New York, London, Bogota and Copenhagen. From these examples, several key factors that influence a city s potential for the use of the bicycles as a means of urban transportation were extracted. Using these factors as a foundation, a comparative study of Rio de Janeiro was performed employing seven different categories of analysis such as: the rate of motorization; the weather; the safety and quality of bicycle paths; integration with other means of transportation; the distances to be traveled; terrain and the urban form; and incentive policies. The impact of the rate of change on the social environment, coupled with the territorial impact of transportation infrastructure, has been gradually reducing, fragmenting and marginalizing the behavior and available space for the pedestrian. As a general consequence, statistics and studies tend to disregard non-motorized transportation as a part of the overall system. This contributed greatly, as pointed out by GRAHAM and MARVIN (2001), to the social drain in transportation planning which initiated in the 1970s. Thus, it is possible to state that the way we commute in a city directly influences not only our perception of the area, but also the way we interact socially. This assumption reinforces the centrality of mobility as a fundamental aspect of a healthy urban environment. The individual who rides in a car does not perceive the important aspects of the urban environment. The car distances the individual from the surroundings and creates a controlled and isolated environment for the passengers. Aspects that define the ambiance of a city such as temperature, sounds, smells and urban textures, go unnoticed when commuting within isolated environments. The same applies to subways, trains and buses, whereas just the opposite occurs when we commute on foot or bicycle. Consequently, the reduction of public space is directly related to the process of technological acceleration, which occurred mainly during the twentieth century, but that began a few years earlier at around 1870. Accordingly, a paradigm shift in transportation planning has become essential. Access to diverse means of transportation, including the bicycle, needs to be promoted. In this context, the use of the bicycle, as a more efficient and affordable means of transportation, has been gaining more importance in urban centers by being able to serve as a complementary infrastructure to the existing mobility network and increasing the penetration in the territory. In addition, the bicycle is an inclusive means of transportation, when we take into account the low investment and maintenance costs, making it widely affordable and highly efficient. However, when analyzing the need of a transportation policy focused on sustainability, we realize that the use of the bicycle as a means of effective transportation has been lacking over the years in Brazil. This discernment becomes clearer when we analyze some of the European cities where bicycle use was amplified and maintained, both on the local and national level, through deliberate action. Although enormous potential to increase bicycle use in the city of Rio de Janeiro does exists, this can only be achieved through the development of a coherent approach. If we take the other main metropolitan regions into consideration, the Greater Rio area has the sixth largest motorization rate in the country following Curitiba, São Paulo, Distrito Federal (DF), Porto Alegre and Belo Horizonte. This is extremely significant. Not surprisingly, the motorization rates of London, Copenhagen and New York are also below their national average. In other words, a motorization rate below the national average could represent potential for the bicycle as a means of urban transportation. Another important factor, the weather, was considered. However, periodic data from cyclists in Rio de Janeiro does not exist making it difficult to assess any variations. In general, for the most part of the year, the weather for biking in the city of Rio de Janeiro is usually favorable. Nonetheless, the summer months are extremely hot and humid. Still, a policy that encourages companies to build changing rooms for employees could be an important incentive for the use of bicycles in the city, even during the hottest times. As previously mentioned, the quality and efficiency of a biking infrastructure is not measured by its length. For example, the extension of the existing network in Rio de Janeiro is comparable to Bogota and Copenhagen; however, its efficiency falls short of the above-mentioned examples. In addition, a relationship does exists between the number of cyclists and the implementation of measures that control traffic speed and prioritize safe, fast, and comfortable access, while at the same time, respect the rights of the cyclists. In Rio de Janeiro, the current infrastructure for cyclists is confusing and inconsistent, ranging from excellent bicycle paths, which serve mainly for cycling as a leisure activity, to precarious pathways that put the riders safety at risk. This in turn generates distrust in regards to the infrastructure and the general functioning of the cycling grid. The bicycle paths around the Lagoon and along the edge of the South Zone are the best examples of well-marked and maintained bicycle paths, while the cycling infrastructure of Botafogo, for example, is confusing, discontinuous and deprived of maintenance. The possibility of using the bicycle in combination with other means of transportation greatly enhances the rider s reach. In Rio de Janeiro, this is still an aspect that is underdeveloped. The bike-sharing system, located almost exclusively in the south zone of the city, has been making strides but still has its glitches. In addition, the use of the bicycles during the week is only permitted up to 21:00, while the use on weekends and holidays has no restrictions. This reinforces the stance of the City Hall and the concessionaires that the bicycle is used more for leisure rather than transportation. From the cyclist s point of view, the distances in Rio de Janeiro are generally shortened. However, the high temperatures during the summer months can reduce these distances to a range of 2 km and 8 km, but the bicycle, as compared to other modes of transportation, can serve as means of transport for shorter trips. In addition to these and other factors, Rio de Janeiro has one crucial factor that stands in the way of implementing an efficient cycling grid: the urban form of the city that is often determined by its terrain. This directly influences the street layout of the city, creating difficult constrictions, as for example, in the case of Botafogo. Aspects involving public policy, regulatory bodies and public awareness also have an impact on urban cycling indices. Municipal Law No. 4,678, which encourages the use of bicycles as a form of urban transportation, establishes overall objectives by compiling a series of good ideas, but lacks solid guidelines regarding the measures to be taken to ensure its execution. Bicycle use incentive policies should be based on studies and technical reports that can quantify the benefits of cycling as a means of urban transportation so that the results of implemented projects can be evaluated and measured. The analysis and monitoring must be executed on a regular basis in order to build a reliable database to assist in decision making. Setting of numerical goals and evaluation of project results was extremely effective in the cases presented. Despite the potential of the city, the reduced quantity of data available to serve as a basis makes the analysis of any future project very difficult. Unlike what takes place in Copenhagen, London, New York and Bogota, this lack of data makes it very difficult to understand the present situation and to prepare a strategic plan based on numerical targets. For example, the government of the city of Rio de Janeiro has few channels for the observation and monitoring of data on non-motorized transportation. This makes it difficult to establish goals and deadlines for improving the infrastructure. We are aware of the problem but do not know the exact cause. We must invest in research and diagnostic tools that allow, over time, for the consolidation of a database that is reliable and easy to access. There is insufficient research and data on traffic accidents involving cyclists and on the economic impacts of the industry that revolves around the bicycle. There is a lack of cyclists associations and an absence of specialized research institutes and transportation department data that effectively considers the bicycle as a means of transportation. Planning, implementation and evaluation of results is crucial in order to progress in the construction of bicycle paths and to encourage cycling as a means of transportation. However, this is a challenge in the city of Rio de Janeiro, mainly due to the lack of collection and systematization of data collected. The potential to transform the city through the use of the bicycle as a means of transportation does exists, but is not taken advantage of.

Neste trabalho são investigadas as razões da maior utilização do sistema cicloviário na cidade de Rio Claro em relação à Araraquara e São Carlos, e descobrir os principais motivos da baixa demanda de usuários nas ciclovias e ciclofaixas das cidades de Araraquara e São Carlos. Esse objetivo visa compreender também o porquê da utilização ou não do espaço destinado ao tráfego de bicicletas. Tal objetivo auxilia na obtenção de informações que possam ajudar no planejamento e no projeto da implantação de ciclovias e ciclofaixas nas cidades brasileiras. Também é realizada uma avaliação individual dos segmentos cicloviários (ciclovias e ciclofaixas) existentes nas três cidades objeto do estudo e uma avaliação geral do sistema cicloviário das mesmas, mediante, sobretudo, a comparação de dados quantitativos. O uso muito maior do modal bicicleta em Rio Claro deve-se aos seguintes principais fatores: preponderância de vias com baixa declividade na maior parte da área urbana, qualidade insatisfatória do transporte coletivo nas últimas décadas, renda média inferior da população e maior influência da cultura europeia (alemã e italiana) na colonização da cidade- países que têm grande tradição no uso da bicicleta. Os principais fatores inibidores do uso do modal bicicleta em São Carlos são: topografia acidentada (em grande parte da área urbana as vias tem rampas acentuadas), maior nível de desenvolvimento socioeconômico e falta de tradição/cultura do uso da bicicleta. Em Araraquara, são: boa qualidade do transporte coletivo nas últimas décadas, maior nível de desenvolvimento socioeconômico e falta de tradição/cultura do uso da bicicleta. São ainda discutidos os seguintes pontos relevantes: tipos de segmentos cicloviários x visão da população, impacto da bicicleta na fluidez do trânsito e segurança no uso da bicicleta. / This research investigates the reasons for the increased use of cycling system in the city of Rio Claro in relation to Araraquara and São Carlos, and discover the main reasons for the low demand of users in bicycle tracks and lanes of the cities of Araraquara and São Carlos. This goal also aims to understand why the use or not of the installation to bicycle traffic. This goal is important to obtain information that may help in the planning and implementation of bicycle paths and lanes project in Brazilian cities. An individual evaluation of existing cycling segments (bike paths and lanes) in the three cities subject of the study and an overall assessment of cycling system of them, highlighting the comparison of quantitative data performed. The far greater use of the bicycle modal in Rio Claro is due to the following main factors: preponderance of routes with low slope in most of the urban area, poor quality of public transport in recent decades, lower average incomes and greater influence of culture European (German and Italian) in the colonization of the city- countries that have great tradition in bicycle use. The main factors inhibiting the use of bicycle modal in São Carlos are: topography (largely urban area routes have steep ramps), higher level of socioeconomic development and lack of tradition/culture of cycling. In Araraquara, are: better quality of public transport in recent decades, higher socioeconomic level of development and lack of tradition/culture of cycling. Are still discussed the following relevant points: types of cycling segments x populations point of view, impact of bicycles in traffic flow and safety on bicycle use.