[ES] Las labores de documentación de arte rupestre son arduas y delicadas, donde el color desempeña un papel fundamental, proporcionando información vital a nivel descriptivo, técnico y cuantitativo . Tradicionalmente los métodos de documentación en arqueología quedaban restringidos a procedimientos estrictamente subjetivos. Sin embargo, esta metodología conlleva limitaciones prácticas y técnicas, afectando a los resultados obtenidos en la determinación del color. El empleo combinado de técnicas geomáticas, como la fotogrametría o el láser escáner, junto con técnicas de procesamiento de imágenes digitales, ha supuesto un notable avance. El problema es que, aunque las imágenes digitales permiten capturar el color de forma rápida, sencilla, y no invasiva, los datos RGB registrados por la cámara no tienen un sentido colorimétrico riguroso. Se requiere la aplicación de un proceso riguroso de tranformación que permita obtener datos fidedignos del color a través de imágenes digitales. En esta tesis se propone una solución científica novedosa y de vanguardia, en la que se persigue integrar el análisis espectrofotométrico y colorimétrico como complemento a técnicas fotogramétricas que permitan una mejora en la identificación del color y representación de pigmentos con máxima fiabilidad en levantamientos, modelos y reconstrucciones tridimensionales (3D). La metodología propuesta se basa en la caracterización colorimétrica de sensores digitales, que es de novel aplicación en pinturas rupestres. La caracterización pretende obtener las ecuaciones de transformación entre los datos de color registrados por la cámara, dependientes del dispositivo, y espacios de color independientes, de base física, como los establecidos por la Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE). Para el tratamiento de datos colorimétricos y espectrales se requiere disponer de un software de características técnicas muy específicas. Aunque existe software comercial, lo cierto es que realizan por separado el tratamiento digital de imágenes y las operaciones colorimétricas. No existe software que integre ambas, ni que además permita llevar a cabo la caracterización. Como aspecto fundamental, presentamos en esta tesis el software propio desarrollado, denominado pyColourimetry, siguiendo las recomendaciones publicadas por la CIE, de código abierto, y adaptado al flujo metodológico propuesto, de modo que facilite la independencia y el progreso científico sin ataduras comerciales, permitiendo el tratamiento de datos colorimétricos y espectrales, y confiriendo al usuario pleno control del proceso y la gestión de los datos obtenidos. Adicinalmente, en este estudio se expone el análisis de los principales factores que afectan a la caracterización tales como el sensor empleado, los parámetros de la cámara durante la toma, la iluminación, el modelo de regresión, y el conjunto de datos empleados como entrenamiento del modelo. Se ha aplicado un modelo de regresión basado en procesos Gaussianos, y se ha comparado con los resultados obtenidos mediante polinomios. También presentamos un nuevo esquema de trabajo que permite la selección automática de muestras de color, adaptado al rango cromático de la escena, que se ha denominado P-ASK, basado en el algoritmo de clasificación K-means. Los resultados obtenidos en esta tesis demuestran que el proceso metodológico de caracterización propuesto es altamente aplicable en tareas de documentación y preservación del patrimonio cultural en general, y en arte rupestre en particular. Se trata de una metodología de bajo coste, no invasiva, que permite obtener el registro colorimétrico de escenas completas. Una vez caracterizada, una cámara digital convencional puede emplearse para la determinación del color de forma rigurosa, simulando un colorímetro, lo que permitirá trabajar en un espacio de color de base física, independiente del dispositivo y comparable con / [CA] Les tasques de documentació gràfica d'art rupestre són àrdues i delicades, on el color compleix un paper fonamental, proporcionant informació vital a nivell descriptiu, t\`ecnic i quantitatiu.Tradicionalment els mètodes de documentació en arqueologia quedaven restringits a procediments estrictament subjectius, comportant limitacions pràctiques i tècniques, afectant els resultats obtinguts en la determinació de la color. L'ús combinat de tècniques geomàtiques, com la fotogrametria o el làser escàner, juntament amb tècniques de processament i realç d'imatges digitals, ha suposat un notable avanç. Tot i que les imatges digitals permeten capturar el color de forma ràpida, senzilla, i no invasiva, les dades RGB proporcionades per la càmera no tenen un sentit colorimètric rigorós. Es requereix l'aplicació d'un procés rigorós de transformació que permeti obtenir dades fidedignes de la color a través d'imatges digitals. En aquesta tesi es proposa una solució científica innovadora i d'avantguarda, en la qual es persegueix integrar l'anàlisi espectrofotomètric i colorimètric com a complement a tècniques fotogramètriques que permetin una millora en la identificació de la color i representació de pigments amb màxima fiabilitat en aixecaments, models i reconstruccions tridimensionals 3D. La metodologia proposada es basa en la caracterització colorimètrica de sensors digitals, que és de novell aplicació en pintures rupestres. La caracterització pretén obtenir les equacions de transformació entre les dades de color registrats per la càmera, dependents d'el dispositiu, i espais de color independents, de base física, com els establerts per la Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE). Per al tractament de dades colorimètriques i espectrals de forma rigorosa es requereix disposar d'un programari de característiques tècniques molt específiques. Encara que hi ha programari comercial, fan per separat el tractament digital d'imatges i les operacions colorimètriques. No hi ha programari que integri totes dues, ni que permeti dur a terme la caracterització. Com a aspecte addicional i fonamental, vam presentar el programari propi que s'ha desenvolupat, denominat pyColourimetry, segons les recomanacions publicades per la CIE, de codi obert, i adaptat al flux metodológic proposat, de manera que faciliti la independència i el progrés científic sense lligams comercials, permetent el tractament de dades colorimètriques i espectrals, i conferint a l'usuari ple control del procés i la gestió de les dades obtingudes. A més, s'exposa l'anàlisi dels principals factors que afecten la caracterització tals com el sensor emprat, els paràmetres de la càmera durant la presa, il¿luminació, el model de regressió, i el conjunt de dades emprades com a entrenament d'el model. S'ha aplicat un model de regressió basat en processos Gaussians, i s'han comparat els resultats obtinguts mitjançant polinomis. També vam presentar un nou esquema de treball que permet la selecció automàtica de mostres de color, adaptat a la franja cromàtica de l'escena, que s'ha anomenat P-ASK, basat en l'algoritme de classificació K-means. Els resultats obtinguts en aquesta tesi demostren que el procés metodològic de caracterització proposat és altament aplicable en tasques de documentació i preservació de el patrimoni cultural en general, i en art rupestre en particular. Es tracta d'una metodologia de baix cost, no invasiva, que permet obtenir el registre colorimètric d'escenes completes. Un cop caracteritzada, una càmera digital convencional pot emprar-se per a la determinació de la color de forma rigorosa, simulant un colorímetre, el que permetrà treballar en un espai de color de base física, independent d'el dispositiu i comparable amb dades obtingudes mitjançant altres càmeres que tambè estiguin caracteritzades. / [EN] Cultural heritage documentation and preservation is an arduous and delicate task in which color plays a fundamental role. The correct determination of color provides vital information on a descriptive, technical and quantitative level. Classical color documentation methods in archaeology were usually restricted to strictly subjective procedures. However, this methodology has practical and technical limitations, affecting the results obtained in the determination of color. Nowadays, it is frequent to support classical methods with geomatics techniques, such as photogrammetry or laser scanning, together with digital image processing. Although digital images allow color to be captured quickly, easily, and in a non-invasive way, the RGB data provided by the camera does not itself have a rigorous colorimetric sense. Therefore, a rigorous transformation process to obtain reliable color data from digital images is required. This thesis proposes a novel technical solution, in which the integration of spectrophotometric and colorimetric analysis is intended as a complement to photogrammetric techniques that allow an improvement in color identification and representation of pigments with maximum reliability in 3D surveys, models and reconstructions. The proposed methodology is based on the colorimetric characterization of digital sensors, which is of novel application in cave paintings. The characterization aims to obtain the transformation equations between the device-dependent color data recorded by the camera and the independent, physically-based color spaces, such as those established by the Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE). The rigorous processing of color and spectral data requires software packages with specific colorimetric functionalities. Although there are different commercial software options, they do not integrate the digital image processing and colorimetric computations together. And more importantly, they do not allow the camera characterization to be carried out. Therefore, as a key aspect in this thesis is our in-house pyColourimetry software that was developed and tested taking into account the recommendations published by the CIE. pyColourimetry is an open-source code, independent without commercial ties; it allows the treatment of colorimetric and spectral data and the digital image processing, and gives full control of the characterization process and the management of the obtained data to the user. On the other hand, this study presents a further analysis of the main factors affecting the characterization, such as the camera built-in sensor, the camera parameters, the illuminant, the regression model, and the data set used for model training. For computing the transformation equations, the literature recommends the use of polynomial equations as a regression model. Thus, polynomial models are considered as a starting point in this thesis. Additionally, a regression model based on Gaussian processes has been applied, and the results obtained by means of polynomials have been compared. Also, a new working scheme was reported which allows the automatic selection of color samples, adapted to the chromatic range of the scene. This scheme is called P-ASK, based on the K-means classification algorithm. The results achieved in this thesis show that the proposed framework for camera characterization is highly applicable in documentation and conservation tasks in general cultural heritage applications, and particularly in rock art painting. It is a low-cost and non-invasive methodology that allows for the colorimetric recording from complete image scenes. Once characterized, a conventional digital camera can be used for rigorous color determination, simulating a colorimeter. Thus, it is possible to work in a physical color space, independent of the device used, and comparable with data obtained from other cameras that are also characterized. / Thanks to the Universitat Politècnica de València for the FPI scholarship / Molada Tebar, A. (2020). Colorimetric and spectral analysis of rock art by means of the characterization of digital sensors [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/160386 / TESIS

An electrochromic (EC) material is able to change colour under the influence of an electric potential. The development of energy efficient smart windows for architectural applications is at present the subject of intense research for both economic and environmental reasons. Thus there is now a considerable research effort to develop smart windows with natural colour switching properties, i.e. shades of grey. In this regard, a promising metal oxide with a brown-black anodic colouring state is NiO or hydrated nickel oxide (also called nickel hydroxide , Ni(OH)2). The present work outlines the preparation and optimisation of EC nickel oxide-based ceramic precursor films onto various conducting substrates towards smart window applications. The literature review chapter outlines the different methods used for generating ceramic materials, a review of electrochromism and history of nickel oxide-based EC materials are also provided. Thins films have been deposited by an electrochemical cathodic deposition and by aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) technique. For hydrated NiO films prepared by electrochemical cathodic deposition, various deposition factors at small-scale area (30 x 7 mm) have been investigated in order to optimise the films properties towards EC applications. With deposition on fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO2:F, FTO) on glass, use of nickel nitrate (0.01 mol dm-3) solution at an applied current of -0.2 mA (-0.1 mA cm-2) for 800 s was optimal for preparing uniform deposits with a porous interconnecting flake-like structure, which is generally regarded as favourable for the intercalation/deintercalation of hydroxide ions during redox cycling. The as-deposited hydrated NiO films showed excellent transmittance modulation (Δ%T = 83.2 at 432 nm), with average colouration efficiency (CE) of 29.6 cm2 C-1 and low response times. However, after 50 voltammetric cycles, the cycle life was found to fade by 17.2% from charge measurements, and 28.8 % from in-situ transmittance spectra measurements. In an attempt to prepare films with improved durability, AACVD has been used for the first time in the preparation of thin-film EC nickel(II) oxide (NiO). The as-deposited films were confirmed to be cubic NiO from analysis of powder X-ray diffraction data, with an optical band gap that decreased from 3.61 to 3.48 eV with an increase in film thickness (in the range 330 820 nm). The EC properties of the films were investigated as a function of film thickness, following 50, 100 and 500 conditioning oxidative voltammetric cycles in aqueous KOH (0.1 mol dm-3). Light modulation of the films increased with the number of conditioning cycles. EC response times were < 10 s and generally longer for the colouration than the bleaching process. The films showed excellent stability when tested for up to 10000 colour/bleach cycles. Using a calculation method based on the integration of experimental spectral power distributions derived from in-situ visible region spectra over the CIE 1931 colour-matching functions, the colour stimuli of the NiO-based films, and the changes that take place on reversibly switching between the bleached and coloured forms have been calculated. Films prepared by both deposition techniques gave positive a* and b* values to produce orange. However, in combination with low L* values, the films were perceived as brown-grey. Hydrated NiO prepared via electrochemical cathodic deposition suffers from two well-known limitations; firstly, it shows catalytic properties towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which is a process very close to the Ni(II)/Ni(III) redox process. Secondly, hydrated NiO shows poor cycling durability in alkaline solution. The co-deposition of single or bimetallic additives is an effective way to overcome these problems. Electrochemical studies revealed that the combination of cobalt (10%) with lanthanum (5%) was found to be the optimal composition for preparing hydrated NiO films with improved film durability. Finally, the emphasis of this work was on scale-up of deposition. Therefore, optimised deposition conditions from small scale (3.0 x 0.7 cm) have been used to successfully deposit films on two different sized large-area (10 x 7.5 and 30 x 30 cm) conducting substrates.

The GMT-Consortium Large Earth Finder (G-CLEF) is an echelle spectrograph with precision radial velocity (PRV) capability that will be a first light instrument for the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT). G-CLEF has a PRV precision goal of 40 cm/sec (10 cm/s for multiple measurements) to enable detection of Earth-like exoplanets in the habitable zones of sun-like stars'. This precision is a primary driver of G-CLEF's structural design. Extreme stability is necessary to minimize image motions at the CCD detectors. Minute changes in temperature, pressure, and acceleration environments cause structural deformations, inducing image motions which degrade PRV precision. The instrument's structural design will ensure that the PRV goal is achieved under the environments G-CLEF will be subjected to as installed on the GMT azimuth platform, including: Millikelvin (0.001 K) thermal soaks and gradients 10 millibar changes in ambient pressure Changes in acceleration due to instrument tip/tilt and telescope slewing Carbon fiber/cyanate composite was selected for the optical bench structure in order to meet performance goals. Low coefficient of thermal expansion (C 1E) and high stiffness-to-weight are key features of the composite optical bench design. Manufacturability and serviceability of the instrument are also drivers of the design. In this paper, we discuss analyses leading to technical choices made to minimize G-CLEF's sensitivity to changing environments. Finite element analysis (FEA) and image motion sensitivity studies were conducted to determine PRV performance under operational environments. We discuss the design of the optical bench structure to optimize stiffness to -weight and minimize deformations due to inertial and pressure effects. We also discuss quasi-kinematic mounting of optical elements and assemblies, and optimization of these to ensure minimal image motion under thermal, pressure, and inertial loads expected during PRV observations.

Se aborda en esta investigación el régimen jurídico de los lugares de culto, con especial referencia a la Comunitat Valenciana, desde la perspectiva de su consideración como elemento imprescindible para el desarrollo de la libertad de culto. Se estudian las posibilidades de colaboración de las Administraciones Públicas con las confesiones religiosas en lo referente a dichos inmuebles, siempre manteniendo a salvo la aconfesionalidad estatal, pero sin que ello implique obviar el deber constitucional de cooperar con dichas entidades. Se analiza la cuestión desde todas las ramas del Derecho que pueden tener incidencia, abordando materias propias del Derecho Eclesiástico, Constitucional, Urbanístico, Civil, Tributario y Penal. Por último, se realiza una propuesta para la regulación de los lugares de culto en el ámbito territorial de la Comunitat Valenciana (si bien, en principio, podría resultar aplicable a cualquier otra región española), con el doble objetivo de remover obstáculos para la implantación de lugares de culto y favorecer, con ello, la efectiva práctica de la libertad de culto por parte de los ciudadanos.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T13:30:34Z No. of bitstreams: 5 34.pdf: 292726 bytes, checksum: e8788860f0469cfddaa19499b5cc1775 (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20904 bytes, checksum: e09bf99e64678e4285abf3ef3e05412d (MD5) license_rdf: 23422 bytes, checksum: b145eda3d84bdc4f56b389c0ab98d368 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T18:32:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 34.pdf: 292726 bytes, checksum: e8788860f0469cfddaa19499b5cc1775 (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20904 bytes, checksum: e09bf99e64678e4285abf3ef3e05412d (MD5) license_rdf: 23422 bytes, checksum: b145eda3d84bdc4f56b389c0ab98d368 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-27T18:32:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 34.pdf: 292726 bytes, checksum: e8788860f0469cfddaa19499b5cc1775 (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20904 bytes, checksum: e09bf99e64678e4285abf3ef3e05412d (MD5) license_rdf: 23422 bytes, checksum: b145eda3d84bdc4f56b389c0ab98d368 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / A copa?ba (Copaifera langsdorffii) ? uma esp?cie arb?rea, da fam?lia Leguminosae (Caesalpinioideae) encontrada no cerrado, mata atl?ntica e matas de galeria. Assim como outras diversas esp?cies florestais, come?aram a receber em meados da d?cada de 70 maior import?ncia na produ??o de suas mudas em viveiros florestais para uso em diversos projetos. O volume e tipo de substrato s?o os primeiros aspectos que devem ser investigados para se garantir a produ??o de mudas de boa qualidade em viveiros florestais. A luminosidade ? outro fator de enorme import?ncia na produ??o de mudas, sendo que varia??es na qualidade e quantidade, presen?a ou aus?ncia de luz ir? influenciar o desenvolvimento da planta. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influ?ncia de dois volumes de diferentes tipos de substratos e n?veis de sombreamento crescentes no crescimento e teores de nutrientes em mudas de copa?ba. O experimento foi conduzido por 130 dias em DBC casualizados no esquema fatorial 2 x 5, sendo avaliado dois volumes dos substratos Bioplant?, 70% vermiculita + 30% casca de arroz carbonizada, 40% vermiculita + 30% casca de arroz carbonizada + 30% fibra de c?co, 50% vermiculita + 30% casca de arroz carbonizada + 20% areia, 70% vermiculita + 15% casca de arroz carbonizada + 15% vermicomposto. Estas dez combina??es foram distribu?das aleatoriamente em quatro blocos com diferentes intensidades luminosas: 0, 30, 50 e 70% de sombreamento. As mudas de copa?ba podem ser produzidas satisfatoriamente nos dois volumes (180 e 280 cm?) dos diferentes substratos estudados e em n?veis de sombreamentos mais elevados, demonstrando grande plasticidade. O uso de 180 cm? de substrato foi suficiente para produzir mudas com bom desenvolvimento, ?ndice de qualidade e teores nutricionais. Os substratos 70% vermiculita + 30% casca de arroz carbonizada, 40% vermiculita + 30% casca de arroz carbonizada + 30% fibra de c?co, 50% vermiculita + 30% casca de arroz carbonizada + 20% areia, 70% vermiculita + 15% casca de arroz carbonizada + 15% vermicomposto apresentaram ligeira superioridade em rela??o ao Bioplant para as caracter?sticas morfol?gicas das mudas, entretanto as plantas crescidas nesse substrato apresentaram maiores teores de P, K, Ca, S e Zn. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2010. / ABSTRACT The copa?ba (Copaifera langsdorffii) is a tree, the family Leguminosae (Caesalpinioideae) found in savannah, forest and gallery forests. Like many other forest species, began to receive in the mid-70s most important in the production of seedlings in its nursery for use in various projects. The volume and type of substrate are the first things that should be investigated to ensure the production of good quality seedlings in forest nurseries. Brightness is another factor of great importance in plant propagation, and variations in quality and quantity, presence or absence of light will influence plant development. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of two volumes of different types of substrates and increasing levels of shading on growth and nutrient content in seedlings of copaiba. The experiment was conducted for 130 days in a randomized block design in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme being evaluated two volumes of the five following substrates: Bioplant ?, 70% vermiculite + 30% carbonized rice hulls, 40% vermiculite + 30% carbonized rice hulls + 30% coir, 50% vermiculite + 30% carbonized rice hulls + 20% sand and 70% vermiculite + 15% carbonized rice hulls + 15% vermicompost residue textiles. These ten combinations were randomly distributed in four blocks according to the following distinct brightness: 0, 30, 50 e 70 percentages of shading. Seedlings Copaiba can be satisfactorily produced in two volumes (180 and 280 cc) of different substrates and studied at the highest levels of shading, showing great plasticity. The use of 180 cc of substrate was sufficient to produce seedlings with normal development, content quality and nutritional content. The substrates 70% vermiculite + 30% rice hulls, 40% vermiculite + 30% rice hulls + 30% coconut fiber, 50% vermiculite + 30% rice hulls + 20% sand, 70% vermiculite + 15 % rice hulls + 15% vermicompost showed slight superiority over Bioplant for the morphological characteristics of seedlings, however the plants grown on the substrate showed higher levels of P, K, Ca, S and Zn.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-07-09T19:37:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) clara_almeida_guerra.pdf: 1004414 bytes, checksum: 6688d13a6216ca1b6380300e85cdd209 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-07-18T13:16:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) clara_almeida_guerra.pdf: 1004414 bytes, checksum: 6688d13a6216ca1b6380300e85cdd209 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T13:16:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) clara_almeida_guerra.pdf: 1004414 bytes, checksum: 6688d13a6216ca1b6380300e85cdd209 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma metodologia de propaga??o in vitro de Lychnophora pohlii Sch. Bip., envolvendo as etapas de alongamento, enraizamento e pr?-aclimata??o de pl?ntulas cultivadas in vitro. Na etapa de alongamento, no primeiro experimento avaliou-se o efeito dos reguladores de crescimento ANA + BAP, ANA + TDZ e GA3 combinados com os meios MS e MS/2 na altura m?dia e percentual de calos. Ainda nessa etapa, no experimento dois e tr?s, utilizou-se o meio MS e concentra??es de GA3 (0; 0,5; 1; 2 e 4 mg L-1) e ANA (0,1; 0,3; 0,6; e 0,9 mg L-1), e avaliou-se a altura m?dia, percentual de enraizamento, n?mero m?dio de ra?zes e percentual de calos. Na etapa de enraizamento, nos experimento quatro e cinco foram testadas concentra??es de ANA e AIB (1,0 e 2 mg L-1) e quatro tempos de perman?ncia dos explantes no meio (7, 14, 21e 28 dias) e as avalia??es foram realizadas semanalmente quanto ao percentual de enraizamento, n?mero m?dio de raiz, altura m?dia e percentual de calos. Tamb?m nessa etapa, para os experimentos seis e sete, os tratamentos foram constitu?dos de dois tipos de meio (MS/2 e WPM/2) e concentra??es de ANA e AIB (0,1 e 0,5 mg L-1) e avaliados o percentual de enraizamento, n?mero m?dio de ra?zes, altura m?dia e percentual de calos. Na etapa de pr?-aclimata??o, as pl?ntulas foram transplantadas para copos pl?sticos (200 cm3) contendo vermiculita? autoclavada e os tratamentos foram constitu?dos por pl?ntulas cobertas com saco de polietileno intacto, pl?ntulas cobertas com saco de polietileno perfurado e aus?ncia de cobertura, onde se avaliou o percentual de sobreviv?ncia, altura m?dia, comprimento m?dio da raiz principal, mat?ria fresca da parte a?rea, mat?ria fresca da raiz, mat?ria seca da parte a?rea e mat?ria seca da raiz. Na fase de alongamento, a maior m?dia de altura foi verificada em explantes cultivados em meio MS, suplementado com ANA + BAP. A combina??o de ANA + TDZ aumentou o percentual de calo. As concentra??es de 0,9 e 0,1 mg L-1 proporcionaram a maior e menor n?mero m?dio de raiz por tratamento. O menor percentual de calo foi observado na concentra??o de 0,1 mg L-1 de ANA. Na fase de enraizamento a concentra??o de 1,0 mg L-1 de ANA proporcionou maior m?dia de altura e menor percentual de calo e na concentra??o de 2,0 mg L-1 se observou a menor m?dia de altura e o maior percentual de calo. O tempo de perman?ncia de 21 dias possibilitou a maior m?dia de altura dos explantes tratados com ANA e AIB. A concentra??o de 2,0 mg L-1 de AIB contribuiu com o maior n?mero m?dio de ra?zes. O meio WPM/2 suplementado com 0,5 mg L-1 de ANA obteve o maior n?mero m?dio de ra?zes. A maior m?dia para a altura foi encontrada nos explantes cultivados em meio WPM/2. A concentra??o de 0,1 mg L-1 de ANA proporcionou o menor percentual de calo. A concentra??o de 0,5 mg L-1 de AIB proporcionou os maiores valores para o percentual de enraizamento, n?mero m?dio de ra?zes e percentual de calo. Na fase de pr?-aclimata??o, o maior percentual de sobreviv?ncia foi observado no tratamento em que as pl?ntulas foram cobertas com sacos de polietileno intacto. As pl?ntulas cobertas com sacos de polietileno perfurado expressaram maior altura m?dia, comprimento m?dio da raiz, mat?ria fresca e seca da parte a?rea. Nessas condi??es os explantes mostraram-se responsivos quanto aos tratamentos testados, denotando boas perspectivas quanto ao cultivo in vitro dessa esp?cie. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / The objective of this work was to develop an in vitro propagation methodology of Lychnophora pohlii Sch. Bip. including the stretching, rooting and pre-acclimatization of seedlings grown in vitro stages. In the stretching stage, the effect of the growth regulators ANA + BAP, ANA + TDZ and GA3 combined with the MS and MS/2 media were evaluated at the mean height and callus percentage. At this stage, the effect of concentrations of GA3 (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg L-1) and ANA (0.1, 0.3, 0, 6, and 0.9 mg L-1) were evaluated at the mean height, rooting percentage, mean number of roots and percentage of callus. In the rooting stage, ANA and IBA concentrations (1.0 and 2 mg L-1) and four dwell times of the explants in the medium (7, 14, 21 and 28 days) were tested and rooting percentage, root mean number, mean height and callus percentage were evaluated weekly. Also in this step, the treatments were composed of two types of medium (MS/2 and WPM/2) and ANA and IBA concentrations (0.1 and 0.5 mg L-1). In the pre-acclimation stage, the seedlings were transplanted to plastic cups (200 cm3) containing autoclaved vermiculite?. The treatments were composed by seedlings covered with intact polyethylene bag, seedlings covered with perforated polyethylene bag and seedling uncovered It was evaluated the percentage of survival, mean height, mean length of the main root, fresh shoot matter, fresh root matter, shoot dry matter and root dry matter. In the elongation phase, the highest mean height was verified in explants grown in MS medium, supplemented with ANA + BAP. The combination of ANA + TDZ increased the callus percentage. Concentrations of 0.9 and 0.1 mg L-1 provided the highest and lowest root mean number per treatment, respectively. The lowest percentage of callus was observed for the concentration of 0.1 mg L-1 of ANA. In the rooting stage, the concentration of 1.0 mg L-1 of ANA provided a higher average height and a lower percentage of callus. At the concentration of 2.0 mg L-1, the lowest mean height and the highest percentage of callus were observed. The dwell time of 21 days allowed the highest average height of the explants treated with ANA and AIB. The concentration of 2.0 mg L-1 of AIB contributed with the highest average number of roots. The WPM/2 medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 of ANA obtained the highest mean number of roots. The highest mean height was found in the explants grown on WPM/2 medium. The concentration of 0.1 mg L-1 of ANA provided the lowest percentage of callus. The concentration of 0.5 mg L-1 of IBA provided the highest values for rooting percentage, mean number of roots and percentage of callus. In the pre-acclimatization stage, the highest percentage of survival was observed in the treatment in which the seedlings were covered with bags of intact polyethylene. Seedlings covered with perforated polythene bags expressed higher mean height, root mean length, fresh and dry shoot matter. In these conditions, the explants were responsive to the treatments tested, indicating good perspectives regarding the in vitro cultivation of this species.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-17T22:37:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GabrielaLiberalinoLima_TESE.pdf: 6308180 bytes, checksum: b658a30fc2afc3a608b4b5b454c6d36a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-02-19T22:18:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GabrielaLiberalinoLima_TESE.pdf: 6308180 bytes, checksum: b658a30fc2afc3a608b4b5b454c6d36a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-19T22:18:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GabrielaLiberalinoLima_TESE.pdf: 6308180 bytes, checksum: b658a30fc2afc3a608b4b5b454c6d36a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / O objetivo da presente tese foi utilizar a manipula??o de o?citos inclusos em fol?culos ovarianos pr? antrais (MOIFOPA) como ferramenta para o resgate e otimiza??o do uso de gametas femininos oriundos de esp?cies silvestres do bioma Caatinga. A tese foi dividida em quatro experimentos. No primeiro, foi realizada a estimativa e descri??o das caracter?sticas histol?gicas e ultraestruturas dos fol?culos pr? antrais (FOPA) de cutias (Dasyprocta leporina), nos quais foram estimados 4419.8 ? 532.26 e 5397.52 ? 574.91 fol?culos para os ov?rios direito e esquerdo, respectivamente, sendo a maioria (86,63%) pertencente a categoria de fol?culos primordiais (P<0,05). A maior parte da popula??o consiste de fol?culos morfologicamente normais (70,78%), apresentando n?cleo oocit?rio grande e central, com citoplasma uniforme. Na avalia??o ultraestrutural verificou-se a presen?a de um grande n?mero de mitoc?ndrias arredondadas e gotas de lip?dios. No segundo experimento, foi realizada a estimativa e a descri??o das caracter?sticas dos FOPA de pre?s (Galea spixii), bem como avalia??o do efeito da vitrifica??o em superf?cie s?lida (VSS) sobre a morfologia de FOPA in situ. O total de 416,0 ? 342,8 FOPA foi estimado por par de ov?rios e a presen?a de uma grande quantidade de fol?culos prim?rios foi evidenciada (P<0,05). A maior parte dos FOPA apresentou-se morfologicamente normal (94,6%), possuindo n?cleo oocit?rio contendo gr?nulos condensados de heterocromatina. Mitoc?ndrias com formato arredondado ou alongado representaram as organelas mais abundantes. Quanto a VSS, o protocolo utilizando o dimetilsulf?xido (DMSO) 3M possibilitou a preserva??o de 69,5% de FOPA morfologicamente normais, sendo evidenciado atrav?s da an?lise por microscopia de luz e eletr?nica de transmiss?o. No terceiro experimento, foi realizada a avalia??o do efeito da VSS sobre a morfologia e viabilidade de FOPA in situ de catetos (Pecari tajacu). N?o foram observadas diferen?as entre os tratamentos, onde o uso dos crioprotetores DMSO, etilenoglicol (EG) e dimetilformamida (DMF), independente da concentra??o utilizada (3 ou 6 M) promoveu a preserva??o da morfologia de mais de 70% dos FOPA. Quanto a viabilidade, os crioprotetores DMSO e EG, demonstraram melhor manuten??o da mesma. O quarto experimento teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito do ? MEM+ ou TCM199 associados ou n?o a 50 ng de FSHr sobre a morfologia, ativa??o e crescimento de FOPA de catetos, cultivados in vitro (CIV) durante 1 ou 7 dias e o efeito sobre a matriz extracelular (MEC). Ap?s 7 dias de CIV apenas o TCM199/FSH manteve a propor??o de FOPA intactos similar ao dia 1 (63,2%), contudo nenhuma diferen?a foi observada entre os tratamentos (P>0,05). Adicionalmente, um aumento na propor??o de FOPA em desenvolvimento foi verificada (P>0.05). Atrav?s da an?lise com Ag-NOR, observou-se que apenas o tratamento com TCM199/FSH manteve a propor??o de prolifera??o celular similar ao dia 1 (P>0.05). A colora??o com picrosirius red revelou que a MEC permaneceu intacta em todos os tratamentos (P>0.05). Assim, como conclus?o geral, o uso da MOIFOPA nas referidas esp?cies permitiu o conhecimento de aspectos relacionados a sua morfofisiologia reprodutiva, possibilitando tanto a conserva??o do material gen?tico destas esp?cies, com a possibilidade de forma??o de bancos de germoplasma, como a elucida??o de mecanismos relacionados a sobreviv?ncia e desenvolvimento dos FOPA in vitro. / The objective of the present thesis was to use the manipulation of oocytes enclosed in preantral follicles (MOEPF) as a tool for the female gametes rescue and optimization, from wild species of Caatinga biome. The thesis was divided into 4 experiments. At first experiment, it was performed the estimative and description of the agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) preantral follicles (PF) histologic and ultrastructural features, in which it was estimated 4419.8 ? 532.26 and 5397.52 ? 574.91 follicles for the right and left ovary, respectively, and the majority (86,63%) belonged to the primordial follicles category (P<0.05). Most of the population consists of morphologically normal follicles (70.78%), presenting a large and central nuclei and uniform cytoplasm. At ultrastructural evaluation it was verified the presence of a great number of round mitochondrias associated to lipid droplets. In the second experiment, it was performed the estimative and description of yellow-toothed cavies (Galea spixii) PF characteristics, also, the evaluation of the effect of solid surface vitrification (SSV) on the in situ PF morphology. The total of 416.0 ? 342.8 PF was estimated for the ovary pair and the presence of a large quantity of primary follicles (P<0.05) was evidenced. Most of the PF was morphologically normal (94.6%), in which the oocyte nuclei presented condensed granules of heterochromatin. Round or elongated shaped mitochondria constituted the most abundant organelles. In regard of the SSV, the protocol using the dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) 3M possibility the preservation of 69.5% of morphologically normal PF, which was evidenced by the light and transmission electronic microscopy. At third experiment, the evaluation of the SSV procedure on the morphology and viability in situ PF form collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu) was performed. No differences were observed among treatments, in which the use of DMSO, ethylene glycol (EG) and dimethylformamide (DMF) as cryoprotectants, regardless its concentration, promoted the morphology preservation of much than 70% of PF. Concerning the PF viability, the DMSO and EG promoted the best preservation. The fourth experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of ? MEM+ or TCM199 associated or not to 50 ng of FSHr on the morphology, activation and growth of collared peccaries PF, in vitro cultured (IVC) during 1 or 7 days and the effect on the extracellular matrix (ECM). After 7 days of IVC only the use of TCM199/FSH maintained the proportion of intact PF, similar to day 1(63.2%), however, no differences were observed among treatments (P>0.05). Also, an improvement of the proportion of intact growing PF was verified (P>0.05). By the Ag-NOR analysis it was observed that only the treatment using TCM199/FSH promoted the maintenance of cell proliferation similar to day 1 (P>0.05). The picrosirius red stain revealed that ECM remained intact in all treatments (P>0.05). Thus, as the general conclusion, the use of MOEPF in the refereed species allowed the knowledge of aspects related to its reproductive morphology and physiology, enabling the germplasm conservation, with the possibility of germplasm bank formation, as the elucidation of mechanisms related to the PF survive and in vitro development.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-03-09T23:21:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ElielPoggiDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 2107477 bytes, checksum: b83f3b889d4017245f0c0550f4569d4e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-11T21:38:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ElielPoggiDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 2107477 bytes, checksum: b83f3b889d4017245f0c0550f4569d4e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-11T21:38:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ElielPoggiDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 2107477 bytes, checksum: b83f3b889d4017245f0c0550f4569d4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Com o r?pido crescimento dos sistemas de comunica??es sem fio, estudos envolvendo absorvedores de ondas eletromagn?ticas tem despertado grande aten??o pelos pesquisadores. Suas aplica??es v?o desde sistemas indoor at? aplica??es militares. Em paralelo a esse crescimento, os estudos crescentes em superf?cies seletivas em frequ?ncia (FSS) permitem que suas propriedades de filtragem sejam aplic?veis em diversos sistemas, como em antenas refletoras, em radomes passa-faixa e em absorvedores, que ser? o foco deste trabalho. Este trabalho tem como objetivo projetar absorvedores de micro-ondas usando FSS. A metodologia consiste basicamente em duas etapas: na primeira fase, uma an?lise te?rica e num?rica das estruturas isoladas envolvidas no processo de absor??o e, na segunda fase, a an?lise das estruturas em cascata. Para a an?lise ser? utilizado o M?todo dos Circuitos Equivalentes que prev? caracter?sticas de transmiss?o da estrutura para uma onda plana com incid?ncia normal e requer recursos computacionais muito limitados quando comparado aos m?todos de an?lise de onda completa e, portanto, ? ?til para predizer com rapidez o desempenho das estruturas. Tamb?m ser? usada a Matriz de Espalhamento para modelar numericamente o cascateamento das FSS condutiva e resistiva obtendo propriedades de absor??o na faixa projetada. Os resultados experimentais usados para a an?lise s?o encontrados na literatura devido ? dificuldade de construir em pouco tempo, tendo em vista que n?o ? uma t?cnica de constru??o simples. Ser? apresentado o desenvolvimento matem?tico, pelo M?todo dos Circuitos Equivalentes, da modelagem de uma FSS com geometria do tipo dipolo cruzado e uma FSS resistiva como tamb?m o cascateamento entre as duas estruturas. A mesma configura??o ser? utilizada com uma geometria espira quadrada. Melhoramentos ser?o discutidos na conclus?o. / Considering the fact that, the use of wireless communication systems has grown too fast, investigations concerning absorbers of electromagnetic waves has called closer attention of researchers. It is applicable from indoor systems to military applications. Paralleling with this growth, some extremely relevant investigations through Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) allows its filter property to be applicable in several systems, for example: reflector antennas, band-pass radomes, and absorbers, which are the main objective of this work. Therefore, the main goal of this work concerns to design micro-waves absorbers through FSS. Thus, the methodology consists basically in two steps: the first step concerns a theoretical and numerical analysis of the structures involved in the process of absorption, the second step, the analysis of the cascaded structures. In order to carry out the analysis, the Equivalent Circuit Method will be used. This method provides characteristics of transmission from the structure, for a plane wave incidence and it requires an extremely limited computing resource in relation if compared to full wave analyses method. Hence, it is useful to allow fast predictions of the development of the structures. Furthermore, a spreading matrix will be used in order to cascade the conductive FSS and the resistive FSS achieving absorption characteristics in the designed band. The experimental results used for the analysis are found in the literature due to the difficulty of building soon, given that it is not a simple construction technique. To conclude, a mathematical development through the Equivalent Circuit Method of a FSS modeling with cross-dipole geometry and a resistive FSS will be presented, as well as the cascading involving the two structures. The same setting is used with a square loop geometry. Besides it, the next steps will be discussed in the conclusion.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-06-21T19:18:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ElaineCristinaMartinsDeMoura_TESE.pdf: 5422333 bytes, checksum: ecd586793555868159174eba1128026f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-21T21:40:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ElaineCristinaMartinsDeMoura_TESE.pdf: 5422333 bytes, checksum: ecd586793555868159174eba1128026f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-21T21:40:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ElaineCristinaMartinsDeMoura_TESE.pdf: 5422333 bytes, checksum: ecd586793555868159174eba1128026f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-28 / O cromo hexavalente ? um dos metais pesados presente em diversos efluentes industriais, e dependendo de sua concentra??o pode causar danos irrepar?veis ao meio ambiente e aos seres humanos. Diante deste contexto, este trabalho objetivou-se na aplica??o de m?todos eletroqu?micos para monitorar e remover o Cr6+ em efluente simulado. Para o monitoramento foi aplicada a Voltametria de Pulso Diferencial (VPD), utilizando os eletrodos de ultra tra?o de grafite (trabalho), Ag/AgCl (refer?ncia) e platina (contra-eletrodo), as amostras coletadas foram complexadas com a 1,5-difenilcarbazida e em seguida submetidas ? an?lise. Na remo??o de Cr6+ foi aplicado o processo de eletrocoagula??o (EC), utilizando eletrodos de Fe e Al. As vari?veis que constitu?ram o planejamento fatorial 24, aplicado para otimiza??o do processo de EC, foram: densidade de corrente (5 e 10 mA.cm-2), temperatura (25 e 60?C), concentra??o (50 e 100 ppm) e velocidade de agita??o (400 e 600 RPM). Atrav?s dos testes preliminares foi poss?vel a adequa??o da aplica??o da VPD para o monitoramento de Cr6+, removido durante a o processo de EC. Os eletrodos de Fe e Al, como ?nodos de sacrif?cio, mostraram resultados satisfat?rios no processo de EC, entretanto o Fe favoreceu uma remo??o completa em 30 min, enquanto que, com Al ocorreu em 240 min. Na aplica??o do planejamento fatorial 24 e an?lise da Metodologia de Superf?cie de Resposta foi poss?vel a otimiza??o do processo de EC para remo??o de Cr6+ em H2SO4 0,5 mol.L-1, na qual a temperatura, com efeito positivo, foi a vari?vel que apresentou maior signific?ncia estat?stica em rela??o ?s demais vari?veis e intera??es, enquanto que na otimiza??o do processo de EC para remo??o de Cr6+ em NaCl 0,1 mol.L-1 a densidade de corrente, com efeito positivo, e a concentra??o, com efeito negativo, foram as vari?veis que apresentaram maior signific?ncia estat?stica em rela??o ? temperatura, velocidade de agita??o e as demais intera??es. A utiliza??o dos eletr?litos suportes NaCl e Na2SO4 n?o apresentaram diferen?as significativas, entretanto o NaCl apresentou uma r?pida melhora na cin?tica de remo??o de Cr6+, e o aumento da concentra??o de NaCl proporcionou um aumento na condutividade da solu??o, o que resultou em menor consumo energ?tico. Os desgastes dos eletrodos avaliados em todos os processo de EC mostraram que o Al em H2SO4 0,5 mol.L-1, sofre anodiza??o durante o processo de EC, logo a perda de massa experimental ? menor que a perda de massa te?rica, entretanto Fe, no mesmo meio, mostrou uma perda de massa experimental maior que a estimada teoricamente, porque ocorre uma rea??o espont?nea do Fe com H2SO4, e quando o meio reacional foi o NaCl e Na2SO4 a perda de massa experimental aproximou-se da perda de massa te?rica. E ainda foi verificado o consumo energ?tico de todos os processos aplicados neste estudo, os quais apresentaram um baixo custo operacional, viabilizando desta forma a aplica??o do processo de EC para o tratamento de efluentes industriais. Os resultados obtidos foram satisfat?rios, pois foi alcan?ada a remo??o completa do Cr6+ em todos os processos aplicados neste estudo. / Hexavalent chromium is a heavy metal present in various industrial effluents, and depending on its concentration may cause irreparable damage to the environment and to humans. Facing this surrounding context, this study aimed on the application of electrochemical methods to determine and remove the hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) in simulated wastewater. To determine was applied to cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV) using ultra trace graphite electrodes ultra trace (work), Ag/AgCl (reference) and platinum (counter electrode), the samples were complexed with 1,5- diphenylcarbazide and then subjected to analysis. The removal of Cr6+ was applied electrocoagulation process (EC) using Fe and Al electrodes. The variables that constituted the factorial design 24, applied to optimizing the EC process, were: current density (5 and 10 mA.cm-2), temperature (25 and 60 ?C), concentration (50 and 100 ppm) and agitation rate (400 and 600 RPM). Through the preliminary test it was possible the adequacy of applying the CSV for determining of Cr6+, removed during the EC process. The Fe and Al electrodes as anodes sacrifice showed satisfactory results in the EC process, however Fe favored complete removal in 30 min, whereas with Al occurred at 240 min. In the application of factorial design 24 and analysis of Response Surface Methodology was possible to optimize the EC process for removal of Cr6+ in H2SO4 solution (0.5 mol.L-1), in which the temperature, with positive effect, was the variable that presented higher statistical significance compared with other variables and interactions, while in optimizing the EC process for removal of Cr6+ in NaCl solution (0.1 mol.L-1) the current density, with positive effect, and concentration, with a negative effect were the variables that had greater statistical significance with greater statistical significance compared with other variables and interactions. The utilization of electrolytes supports NaCl and Na2SO4 showed no significant differences, however NaCl resulted in rapid improvement in Cr6+ removal kinetics and increasing the NaCl concentration provided an increase in conductivity of the solution, resulting in lower energy consumption. The wear of the electrodes evaluated in all the process of EC showed that the Al in H2SO4 solution (0.5 mol.L-1), undergoes during the process of anodization CE, then the experimental mass loss is less than the theoretical mass loss, however, the Fe in the same medium showed a loss of mass greater experimental estimated theoretically. This fact is due to a spontaneous reaction of Fe with H2SO4, and when the reaction medium was the NaCl and Na2SO4 loss experimental mass approached the theoretical mass loss. Furthermore, it was observed the energy consumption of all processes involved in this study had a low operating cost, thus enabling the application of the EC process for treating industrial effluents. The results were satisfactory, it was achieved complete removal of Cr6+ in all processes used in this study.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-08-09T22:51:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EmanueleDaSilvaRodriguesMontalvao_TESE.pdf: 1580309 bytes, checksum: 39bf0d8e4a7d3087d516e4317b43d692 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-10T23:27:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EmanueleDaSilvaRodriguesMontalvao_TESE.pdf: 1580309 bytes, checksum: 39bf0d8e4a7d3087d516e4317b43d692 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T23:27:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EmanueleDaSilvaRodriguesMontalvao_TESE.pdf: 1580309 bytes, checksum: 39bf0d8e4a7d3087d516e4317b43d692 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Este trabalho tem como objetivo propor um novo modelo de metasuperf?cie com c?lula b?sica simplificada, capaz de converter sinais linearmente polarizados gerados por um arranjo de antenas planar em sinais circularmente polarizados, para a faixa de frequ?ncia ISM (2,45 GHz), apresentando uma boa largura de banda de perda de retorno e de raz?o axial. Para poder estudar o comportamento da estrutura proposta, a metasuperf?cie ? acoplada a tr?s estruturas diferentes. Primeiro s?o feitos testes iniciais com a metasuperf?cie acoplada a uma antena de microfita em sua configura??o simples. Em seguida a metasuperf?cie ? utilizada acoplada a um arranjo com dois elementos do tipo patch. E posteriormente ela ? acoplada a um arranjo otimizado, que utiliza um toco em sua alimenta??o principal, para obter um melhor casamento de imped?ncias. As estruturas s?o analisadas numericamente atrav?s do Ansoft HFSS? e para validar esses resultados, as estruturas s?o caracterizadas experimentalmente. S?o apresentadas as caracter?sticas de transmiss?o simuladas e medidas. Os resultados experimentais mostram uma boa concord?ncia com os resultados simulados. A estrutura aqui proposta apresenta a vantagem de atender as caracter?sticas desejadas, com uma geometria simples de ser constru?da e utilizando um substrato de baixo custo (FR-4). / This work aims to propose a new model of metasurface with simplified basic cell, able to convert linearly polarized signals generated by planar antenna array in circularly polarized signals, for the ISM frequency band (2.45 GHz), with good bandwidth of return loss and axial ratio. To study the behavior of the proposed structure, the metasurface is coupled to three different structures. First, initial tests are made with the metasurface coupled to a microstrip antenna in its simple configuration. Then the metasurface is coupled to an array with two elements of patch type. And later it is coupled to an optimized array, that uses a stub in its main feed, to get a better impedance matching. The structures are analyzed numerically through Ansoft HFSS?, and to validate these results, the structures are characterized experimentally. The characteristics of transmissions simulated and measures are presented. A good agreement between simulated and measured results was obtained. The structure proposed here has the advantage of meeting the desired characteristics, with a simple geometry to be built using a low-cost substrate (FR-4).