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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
751

Att främja återbruk inom fastighetsbranschen : En jämförelse av återbrukspraktiken inom fastighetsutveckling i Sverige och Danmark / Encouraging Reuse in the Real Estate Sector

Bonnevier, Gabriel, Rydberg, Emma January 2023 (has links)
I takt med att samhället upptäckt de effekter som de mänskliga utsläppen skapat så har ettstort kall på omställning till mer hållbara affärsmodeller börjat ske. En bransch somidentifierats och har stor potential att signifikant reducera sina utsläpp är bygg- ochfastighetsbranschen, som idag bidrar till cirka 21% av de årliga växthusgasutsläppen iSverige. Omställningen i branschen innebär att de nuvarande linjära arbetsmetoderna måsteövergå till cirkulära, där återbruk av byggnadsmaterial spelar en betydande roll.Uppfattningen från branschen är att grannlandet Danmark ligger steget före när det kommertill omställningen och arbetar mer med återbruk. I denna studie så har det undersökts om såär fallet samt vad det är som begränsar återbruk i Sverige. Syftet med studien har varit att utreda om det förekommer några större skillnader mellanländerna och utifrån resultatet ge förslag på vilka områden som Sverige bör prioritera föratt påskynda omställningen. Studien är uppdelad i tre delar. Den första är en litteraturstudiedär det teoretiska ramverket byggs upp kring respektive land. Den andra är en kvalitativintervjustudie som utgår från en strukturerad intervju där svaren analyserats kring följandetvå områden: (1) Myndighetsaspekter och (2) Branschrelaterade aspekter. Studiens sista delär en integrerad analys där frågeställningen besvaras med hjälp av insamlade data. Studiens resultat visar att Danmark har ett visst försprång när det kommer tillimplementering av regler som främjar ett ökat återbruk inom sektorn. Samtidigt visarstudien att båda länderna har antagit liknande strategier och står inför liknande utmaningar,både externa som interna. Studien visar bland annat behovet av att skapa affärsmodeller förhantering demonterat material från byggnader. Det skulle underlätta för planering kring ochfrämjar återbruk i branschen. Utifrån resultaten har det identifierats tre områden som författarna anser behöver prioriterasför att påskynda omställningen. Dessa är (1) Branschsammarbeten, (2) Effektiv marknadför återvunnet material, (3) Regler och krav från myndigheter. / As society has discovered the effects of human emissions, there has been a great call for atransition to more sustainable business models. One industry that has been identified andhas great potential to significantly reduce its emissions is the construction and real estateindustry, which today contributes to about 21% of the annual greenhouse gas emissions inSweden. The transition in the industry requires that the current linear working methods mustbe transformed into circular ones, where reuse of building materials plays a significant role.The industry’s perception is that neighboring Denmark is one step ahead when it comes tothe transition and works more with reuse. In this study, it has been investigated whether thisis the case and which factors limit reuse in Sweden. The purpose of the study has been to investigate whether there are any major differencesbetween the countries and, based on the results, suggest which areas Sweden shouldprioritize to accelerate the transition. The study is divided into three parts. The first is aliterature study where the theoretical framework is built up around each country. The secondis a qualitative interview study based on a structured interview where the answers areanalyzed around the following two areas: (1) Regulatory aspects and (3) Industry-relatedaspects. The last part of the study is an integrated analysis where the question is answeredwith the help of collected data. The results of the study show that Denmark has a certain advantage when it comes toimplementing rules that promote increased reuse in the sector. However, the study showsthat both countries have adopted similar strategies and face similar challenges, both externaland internal. Among other things, the study shows the need to create business models formanaging dismantled materials from buildings. This would ease planning and promote reusein the industry. Based on the results, three areas have been identified that the authors believe need to beprioritized to accelerate the transition. These are (1) Industry collaboration, (2) Effectivemarkets for recycled materials, (3) Rules and requirements from authorities.
752

Circular Economy in the Clothing Industry : A qualitative study of organizations managing circular economy and the perceived financial performance

Mainz, Jonathan, Mohamed Hassan, Nuradin January 2023 (has links)
The clothing industry faces significant environmental sustainability challenges, prompting increased pressure on organizations to adopt sustainable practices. There has been an increase of pressure towards organizations to become more sustainable, which has impacted how managers make their decisions. One concept that has received a lot of attention is the idea of a circular economy. This study focuses on understanding how organizations manage the balance between investing in a circular economy and how it relates to perceived financial performance. Using an abductive approach, qualitative data was collected from six participants to understand their experiences and perceptions. The participants were three managers and three circular economy experts. The participants' experiences and perceptions are presented across four key themes: sustainability, financial performance, consumers, and policy. The empirical findings reveal that sustainability initiatives are believed to lead to better financial outcomes. The research showed that the future of the clothing industry is towards a circular economy. Uncertainty remains regarding the financial benefits associated with circular economy practices. External factors, such as regulatory interventions, emerged as viable drivers for promoting circular economy practices. Creating secondhand markets for clothes was highlighted as an effective strategy in the transition to manage CE. This study shows the complexities and challenges organizations faces in managing CE. For CE management to be efficient, new legislation is essential to eliminate greenwashing and establish a level playing field.
753

Sustainable Best Practices in Electronic Sector : Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Industry / Hållbar bästa praxis inom elektroniksektorns kretskortsindustri

Julius, Michelle January 2023 (has links)
Environmental issues related to the Electronic and Electrical Equipment industry lead companies to consider a new sustainability model to decouple economic growth from resource consumption and waste generation. A significant body of literature focuses on materials and process innovation in the field of Printed Circuit Board (PCB), simultaneously limited attention has been given to industry practices and circular economy strategies. This study aims to contribute insights into sustainable circular economy practices in the PCB industry; it examines the current integration of sustainability and circularity principles in PCB companies in Sweden and assesses the associated strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Drawing on the strategies outlined in the Circular Electronic Roadmap, the study identified four main pathways relevant to design and development, procurement, and business model. The study, being exploratory and qualitative in nature, conducted semi-structured interviews with six PCB companies in Sweden. The results show that the concept of sustainability is dynamic, factors such as business nature, company size, market competitiveness, regulations, stakeholder’s expectations and priorities, and emerging frameworks are influencing the degree to which these practices are integrated into the companies. Numerous strengths include utilizing Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), adopting circular business model, sustainable technology innovation, and prioritizing environmental sustainability as an impact. Two main weaknesses are customers restriction and constrain in PCB design and upfront resource investment. Collaboration, local and regional innovation, active role of business association, and prospects for secondary market materials are discovered to serve as opportunities to advance the circular transition for companies Threats to sustainability practices include a lack of customer demand or interest, limited material information and traceability, and technical complexity of PCB. Overall, these findings could provide practical guidance for PCB companies and other stakeholders to support decision-making and actions to improve sustainability practices in the industry. / Miljöutmaningar relaterade till elektronisk- och elektrisk utrustningsindustri får företag att överväga en ny hållbarhetsmodell för att frikoppla ekonomisk tillväxt från resursförbrukning och avfallsgenerering. En betydande mängd litteratur fokuserar på material och processinnovation för tillverkningen av kretskort (eng. PCB), samtidigt som begränsad uppmärksamhet har ägnats åt industripraxis och strategier för cirkulär ekonomi. Den här studien syftar till att bidra med insikter om hållbar cirkulär ekonomi inom PCB-industrin. Den undersöker den nuvarande integrationen av hållbarhets- och cirkularitetsprinciper i PCB-företag i Sverige och bedömer associerade styrkor, svagheter, möjligheter och hot. Utifrån de strategier som beskrivs i färdplanen för cirkulär elektronik (eng. Circular Electronics Roadmap) identifierade studien fyra huvudområden som är relevanta för design och utveckling, upphandling och affärsmodell. I studien, som är explorativ och kvalitativ till sin karaktär, genomfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex PCB-företag i Sverige. Resultaten visar att hållbarhetsbegreppet är dynamiskt, och att faktorer som typ av verksamhet, företagets storlek, marknadskonkurrens, regleringar, intressenternas förväntningar och prioriteringar, samt framväxande ramverk påverkar i vilken utsträckning dessa metoder integreras i företagen. Styrkor inkluderar användning av livscykelanalys (LCA), att anamma cirkulära affärsmodeller, hållbar teknikinnovation och prioritering av miljömässig hållbarhet. Två huvudsakliga svagheter är kundernas restriktioner i PCB-design samt resursinvesteringar i början av processen. Samarbete, lokal och regional innovation, aktiv roll för industriorganisationer och framtidsutsikter för återanvändning av material på den sekundära marknaden har upptäckts som möjligheter att främja den cirkulära övergången för företag. Hot inkluderar bristande efterfrågan eller intresse från kunderna, begränsad information och spårbarhet av material, samt PCB:s tekniska komplexitet. Sammantaget kan dessa resultat ge praktiska riktlinjer för PCB-företag och andra intressenter för att vägleda beslutsfattande och åtgärder för att förbättra hållbarhetsarbetet i industrin.
754

Reuse and recycling of concrete : Economic barriers and possible opportunities for future profitability / Återbruk och återvinning av betong : Ekonomiska hinder och möjligheter för framtida lönsamhet

Knutsson, Julia January 2023 (has links)
Today, the world's natural ecosystems are threatened by increased extraction of raw materials andgreenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. One of the drivers of this problem is the impact fromindustries through their production. A possible strategy to reduce pressure on natural ecosystems is toincrease the use of industrial ecosystems. The circular economy is an approach that supports the reuseof products by reusing, recycling and minimising waste. Like a natural ecosystem, waste can beused as an input material for new production. Today, the construction industry contributes to a largeamount of waste, requires a large amount of extracted materials and generates high levels ofgreenhouse gas emissions. One of the world's most widely used construction materials is concrete. Byreusing and recycling concrete, the need for virgin material and waste sent to landfill can be reduced. The aim of the study is to contribute to a better understanding of the current economic barriers andhow different activities could be improved to create economic profitability and stimulate the reuse andrecycling of concrete. Through a literature study of previous research regarding economic barriers ofreuse and recycling of building materials, different circular strategies for the management of concrete,and EU and Swedish legislation, regulations, and certifications for circular economy in theconstruction industry, relevant interview questions could be developed. The interviews represent theresult and answer questions regarding current economic barriers for reuse and recycling of concreteand opportunities for future profitability, as well as exploring the environmental suitability ofdifferent circular strategies in the concrete industry. A total of 10 interviews were conducted withdifferent stakeholders in the concrete and construction industry. The main economic barriers identified in the study regarding reuse of concrete are due to lack ofmarket interest, difficult logistics involving transport and storage of elements, getting an economicflow in the business model, increased labour and quality certification. The most essential economicbarriers to the recycling of concrete are due to a potential risk for the material to be classified as waste,increased transport of materials, planning of material supply, higher cost of recycled materialcompared to virgin material, and regulations that promote high-value reuse. Identified opportunitiesthat can contribute to improved future profitability for both reuse and recycling of concrete arecircular strategies and business models, the ability to demonstrate reduced climate impact,regulations and standards, and new work methods. The interviews have also indicated that different circular strategies for the management of concreteare suitable in different types of projects. The upcycling of materials should not be favoured at anycost if it can be proven that the method of recycling contributes to the need for less virgin material.Circular strategies in the concrete industry should beneficially be included in a CE at the societal level.In this way, synergies can be created, and the use of resources can benefit both the environment andthe economy. / Idag hotas världens ekosystem genom allt fler uttag av naturens egna råvaror och ökadeväxthusgasutsläpp till atmosfären. Industrier har stor påverkan på detta problem. En möjlig strategiför att minska påfrestningar på naturliga ekosystem är att i högre utsträckning utnyttja industriellaekosystem. Cirkulär ekonomi är en metod som stödjer återanvändning av produkter genom attåterbruka, återvinna och minimera mängden avfall. Likt ett industriellt ekosystem kan avfall användassom ingående material vid nyproduktion. Idag bidrar byggindustrin till en stor mängd avfall, kräveren stor mängd utvunnet material och genererar höga växthusgasutsläpp. Ett av världens mestanvända byggmaterial är betong. Genom att återbruka och återvinna betong kan behovet avjungfruligt material och avfall som behöver deponeras minskas. Syftet med studien är att bidra till en bättre förståelse av nuvarande ekonomiska hinder och hur olikaaktiviteter kan förbättras för att skapa ekonomisk lönsamhet och stimulera återbruk och återvinningav betong. Genom en litteraturstudie bestående av tidigare forskning av ekonomiska hinder medåterbruk och återvinning av byggmaterial, olika cirkulära strategier för hantering av betong, samt EUoch svenska lagar, regleringar och certifieringar för cirkulär ekonomi i byggbranschen kunde lämpligaintervjufrågor tas fram. Intervjuerna ligger till grund för resultatet och besvarar frågor vad gällerdagens ekonomiska hinder för återbruk och återvinning av betong och möjligheter för framtidalönsamhet, samt utforskandet av lämplighet för olika cirkulära strategier i betongindustrin. Totaltgenomfördes 10 intervjuer med olika aktörer inom betong- och byggindustrin. De främsta ekonomiska hinder som identifierats i studien vad gäller återbruk av betong beror påavsaknad efterfrågan, försvårad logistik som innebär transportering och förvaring av element, att fåett ekonomiskt flöde i affärsmodellen, ökade arbetsmoment och kvalitetssäkring. De mest väsentligaekonomiska hinder vad gäller återvinning av betong beror på risken att materialet kan klassas somavfall, ökad mängd transporter av material, planering av materialåtgång, den högre kostnaden föråtervunnet material jämfört med jungfruligt material och regleringar som förespråkar återanvändningav högt värde. Identifierade möjligheter som kan bidra till förbättrad framtida lönsamhet för bådeåterbruk och återvinning av betong är cirkulära strategier och affärsmodeller, möjligheten att påvisaminskad klimatpåverkning, regler och standarder samt nya arbetsmetoder. Utifrån intervjuerna har det även framkommit att olika cirkulära strategier för hantering av betong ärlämpliga vid olika projekt. Att upcycla materialet bör inte till varje pris eftersträvas om det kan bevisasatt metoden för återvinningen kan bidra till ett behov av en lägre mängd jungfruligt material.Cirkulära strategier inom betongindustrin bör fördelaktigt inkluderas i en CE på samhällsnivå. Då kansynergier skapas och användning av resurser kan främja både miljö och ekonomi.
755

Developing a Components List for a Shoe Repair Kit for Leather Sneakers, Designed for Consumer Use

Gustafsson, Izabell, Nordholm, Ellen January 2023 (has links)
This thesis is being conducted by two final year Bachelor degree students, collaborating with a Swedish fashion brand producing leather sneakers with the aim to investigate the most common wear and tear of shoes in metropolitan and suburban environments. Shoes are readily known for having a relatively short product lifecycle and with few alternatives to prolong the materials usefulness at the end. Furthermore consumers find that the main problems that make them not want to repair, are mainly financial reasons and a lack of knowledge in repair methods. This study has conducted a survey to gain information of the most common wear and tears regarding shoes in order to meet what the consumers want for products in a repair kit. The study involved a qualitative interview about material expertise about the shoes used in this study with selected and qualified respondents from the fashion brand company. The data collected was sufficient to create a product list for a repair-kit and shows a PU-solution to repair damaged leather, heel patches to repair ripped lining, a cyanoacrylate glue to mend detached/broken outsoles and an informational manual should be the main components for the repair kit. This study is designed to work as a future recommendation specification of requirements to the company this study is collaborating with to prolong the time of usage for the shoes.
756

The Thermodynamics of Ligand Association and Molecular Recognition of Cationic and Metallated Porphyrins and Ruthenium Complexes with Model DNA Constructs

DuPont, Jesse I 12 August 2016 (has links)
Molecular recognition, particularly as it applies to strong binding interactions between complementary ligand/receptor molecules in solution, is important in such varied areas as molecular biology, pharmacology, synthetic chemistry, and chemical detection. Strong binding is the additive result of a number of specific, weak, non-covalent interactions occurring between complementary molecules. This dissertation reports on the energetics of forming complexes between small molecules and model DNA constructs. Ligands included cationic and metallated cationic porphyrins and polyheterocyclic ruthenium compounds. DNA receptors included double stranded B-DNAs (hairpin and short linear sequences) as well G-quadruplex DNAs. Thermodynamic data were collected using isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism spectropolarimetry, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The measured thermodynamic parameters included the changes in free energy, enthalpy and entropy for ligand/receptor complex formation as well as the stoichiometry of the stable complexes. The first section of this dissertation reports that the binding of cationic porphyrins to model G-quadruplex DNA may proceed through two pathways, end stacking and intercalation. Modulating the number of pyridinium groups on a pyridinium substituted porphyrin yielded differing binding thermodynamics leading to the understanding that a balance of surface area, charge, and geometry affect the ability of a porphyrin to bind to G-quadruplex DNA. Further investigations into the binding of metallated porphyrins developed the understanding that the geometry of the central metal ion affected not only the thermodynamics but could also inhibit the intercalative mode. It was previously shown that the high affinity binding for binuclear polyheterocyclic ruthenium compounds proceeds through an intercalative mode. To further understand the binding process and the structureunction relationship of the ligand components, the binding of smaller mononuclear complexes that were representative of portions of the binuclear complex was examined in this dissertation. While limiting the intercalative ability lowered the binding affinity, the mononuclear complex with the full intercalating bridge was able bind to DNA with a higher affinity than the binuclear complex. These studies have been successful in part in determining the contributions of numerous weak interactions including: charge (Coulombic interactions), H-bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and solvent structure (solvation changes), to the overall energetics of this molecular recognition process. The first section of this dissertation reports that the binding of cationic porphyrins to model G-quadruplex DNA may proceed through two pathways, end stacking and intercalation. Modulating the number of pyridinium groups on a pyridinium substituted porphyrin yielded differing binding thermodynamics leading to the understanding that a balance of surface area, charge, and geometry affect the ability of a porphyrin to bind to G-quadruplex DNA. Further investigations into the binding of metallated porphyrins developed the understanding that the geometry of the central metal ion affected not only the thermodynamics but could also inhibit the intercalative mode. It was previously shown that the high affinity binding for binuclear polyheterocyclic ruthenium compounds proceeds through intercalation. To further understand the binding process and the structureunction relationship of the ligand components, the binding of smaller mononuclear complexes that were representative of portions of the binuclear complex was examined in this dissertation. While limiting the intercalative ability lowered the binding affinity, the mononuclear complex with the full intercalating bridge was able bind to DNA with a higher affinity than the binuclear complex. These studies have been successful in part in determining the contributions of numerous weak interactions including: charge (Coulombic interactions), H-bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and solvent structure (solvation changes), to the overall energetics of this molecular recognition process.
757

Augmented Reality Smartphone Applications as a Tool to Raise Awareness of Circular Economy

Lönn, Caroline January 2019 (has links)
Environmental problems are increasingly jeopardizing the earth's life-support systems. By shifting from a take-make-dispose industrial model to a circular one, resources will last longer, and the environmental impact will be significantly lower. People’s choices, behaviours and lifestyles will play a vital role in achieving sustainable development. A way to influence this is to use an educational tool that is accessible, interesting and fun. By superimposing computer generated objects to the real world, Augmented Reality (AR) adds a layer of interactivity and engagement. As there are 3 billion active smartphone users worldwide, an AR smartphone application is also very accessible. This thesis investigates how marker-based AR can be used as a means to educate a user in circular economy. This was done by using research through design and applied research to create a design for a prototype which worked as a proof of concept. The prototype was evaluated through a heuristic evaluation. Data was gathered through a form and semi-structured interviews. The data was analysed using the framework method and box plots. The prototype used marker-based AR and was built using the game engine Unity with the Vuforia SDK. The results indicated that an AR application could be a good tool to use in combination with other sources of information such as seminars. / Miljöproblem äventyrar i allt större utsträckning jordens livsstödssystem. Genom att byta från en ta-skapa-kasta industriell modell till en cirkulär, kommer resurserna att räcka längre och miljöpåverkan blir betydligt lägre. Människors val, beteenden och livsstil kommer att spela en viktig roll för att uppnå en hållbar utveckling. Ett sätt att påverka detta är att använda ett pedagogiskt verktyg som är lättillgängligt, intressant och roligt. Genom att lägga till ett lager av virtuella objekt i den verkliga världen, tillför Augmented Reality (AR), interaktivitet och engagemang. Eftersom det finns 3 miljarder aktiva smarttelefonanvändare över hela världen, är en AR-smarttelefonapplikation också lättillgänglig. Denna avhandling undersöker hur markörbaserad AR kan användas för att utbilda en användare i cirkulär ekonomi. Detta gjordes genom att använda forskning genom design och tillämpad forskning för att designa en prototyp för konceptvalidering. Prototypen utvärderades genom en heuristisk utvärdering. Data samlades in genom ett formulär och halvstrukturerade intervjuer samt analyserades med hjälp av ramverks metoden och lådagram. Prototypen använde markörbaserad AR och byggdes med hjälp av spelmotorn Unity med Vuforia SDK. Resultaten visade att en AR-applikation skulle kunna vara ett bra verktyg att använda i kombination med andra informationskällor, som till exempel seminarier.
758

Challenges and success factors for scaling up an upcycling value chain : A case study and material flow analysis on public school craft classes in Stockholm

Weng, Hsu-Kai January 2023 (has links)
Upcycling is the process of repurposing discarded materials into new products of higher value, and holds significant potential for sustainable waste management. This thesis explores the challenges and opportunities involved in expanding upcycling practices in the city of Stockholm, with a specific focus on craft classes in public schools. The goal of the study is to identify key success factors and propose strategies for scaling up upcycling initiatives. A mixed method approach, including literature review, semi-structured stakeholder interviews, attitude surveys, and material flow analysis, was employed to gather insights and data. The findings reveal various challenges within the upcycling value chain, such as the need for efficient collecting processes, limited storage space, and financial feasibility. Despite the sechallenges, the research identifies several success factors, including cost-effectiveness, regulatory support, and the availability of discarded materials. Overall, this research contributes to the understanding of upcycling practices in public schools’ craft class and provides valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and practitioners seeking to implement and expand sustainable waste management strategies. By addressing the identified challenges and leveraging the opportunities, upcycling practices can be effectively integrated into public school curricula, fostering environmental consciousness and promoting a circular economy mindset among students. / Upcycling är förädlingsprocessen att återanvända avfall för att skapa mer värdefulla produkter. Det har en betydande potential för hållbar avfallshantering. Detta examensarbete undersöker svårigheterna och möjligheterna med att bredda metoderna för upcycling i Stockholms stad, med särskild uppmärksamhet på hantverkskurser som erbjuds av offentliga skolor. Målet med studien är att identifiera avgörande faktorer för framgång och ge förslag på metoder för att öka storleken på ett upcycling-projekt. För att inhämta information och data användes en blandning av tekniker, som inkluderade litteraturgenomgångar, semistrukturerade intervjuer av intressenter, attitydundersökningar och materialflödesanalyser. Resultatet visar på flera utmaningar inom värdekedjan för upcycling, inklusive krävande insamlingsprocedurer, begränsat lagringsutrymme samt villkoren för ekonomisk genomförbarhet. Trots dessa brister och utmaningar avslöjar denna studie även flera framgångsfaktorer. Dessa inkluderar kostnadseffektivitet, kommunalt stöd samt tillgången till avfall. Sammantaget bidrar denna studie till förståelsen av återanvändningsmetoder i offentliga skolorshantverkskurser och ger värdefulla insikter för beslutsfattare, utbildare samt andra praktiserande som vill implementera och utöka strategier för hållbar avfallshantering. Genom att ta itu med de påvisade utmaningarna och utnyttja möjligheterna kan praxis för upcycling effektivt integreras i den offentliga skolans läroplaner, öka miljömedvetenheten och slutligen främja ett tankesätt för cirkulärekonomi bland skoleleverna.
759

Utveckla en affärsmodell inom open-loop supply chain för sällanköpsvaror : En kvalitativ flerfallsstudie gjord genom undersökning av mellanhandens roll i försörjningskedjan / Develop a business model within an open-loop supply chain for durable goods

Strandberg, Axel, Olsen, Oskar, Eckervad, Tobias January 2023 (has links)
Background: In the recents decades, one of humanity's biggest challenges has been the climatecrisis where emissions of greenhouse gases are the main problem. This has forced companies toact more environmentally friendly due to laws and regulations but also due to customer demand.Circular economy has become a hot topic with various definitions. One of the definitions isopen-loop supply chain and this essay will focus on explaining the concept of open-loop supplychain. Research question: 1. What can a business model look like for an intermediary for reusable durable goods in anopen-loop supply chain? 2. What challenges exist within reuse of durable goods between suppliers and intermediaries inan open-loop supply chain? Purpose: The purpose of this essay is to, through a multiple case study, develop a businessmodel on how intermediaries for reusable durable goods can work with an open-loop supplychain and how it can be applied in future industries. Method: Primary data through semi-structured interviews and secondary data through scientificarticles. Conclusion: The essay developed a business model for intermediaries for reusable durablegoods in an open-loop supply chain which is applicable to other industries. The essay alsodefined some of the challenges for intermediaries operating in an open-loop supply chain whichare transaction costs, building relationships, loss of control and long transportations. Furthermorethe level of relevance of these challenges depends on the amount of responsibility theintermediary has taken upon itself.
760

Utilization of reclaimed bricks to facilitate circular economy (CE) in the construction industry : A study of Pakistan’s construction industry

Atiq, Adil January 2023 (has links)
This thesis investigates the possible utilization of reclaimed bricks within the framework of circular economy (CE) and sustainable construction approaches, with a particular emphasis on Pakistan's construction industry. The research is based on the theoretical foundations of the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) and Resource Efficiency concepts. Qualitative methods were used to collect data, and a thematic framework was employed to analyse the results. The findings indicate that Pakistan's reclaimed brick sector aligns with the principles of the TBL theory, supporting sustainability in its social, economic, and environmental aspects. Through waste reduction, material reuse, and resource conservation, the industry demonstrates its commitment to environmental preservation. Furthermore, it plays a significant role in the economy by providing affordable infrastructure solutions and contributing to the growth of the construction industry. Additionally, the industry promotes social well-being by providing employment opportunities and financial stability. The study illustrates how Pakistan's reclaimed brick operations effectively integrate social, economic, and environmental factors to create a more environmentally friendly built environment. In summary, reclaimed bricks present a sustainable and resource-efficient alternative for the construction industry, in line with the principles of resource efficiency, preserving resources, minimizing waste, and promoting circular economy practices. The adoption of reclaimed bricks can help Pakistan and other countries achieve their sustainability objectives, reduce environmental impact, and construct structures that are longer-lasting and resource-efficient.

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