The behavior of concrete members reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars has been the focus of many studies in recent years. Nowadays, several codes and design guidelines are available for the design of concrete structures reinforced with FRP bars under flexural and shear loads. Meanwhile, limited research work has been conducted to examine the axial behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) columns with FRP bars. Due to a lack of research investigating the axial behavior of FRP reinforced concrete columns, North American codes and design guidelines do not recommend using FRP bars as longitudinal reinforcement in columns to resist compressive stresses. This dissertation aims at evaluating the axial performance of RC compression members reinforced with glass FRP (GFRP) and carbon FRP (CFRP) bars and stirrups through experimental and analytical investigations. A total of twenty seven full scale circular RC specimens were fabricated and tested experimentally under concentric axial load. The 300 mm diameter columns were designed according to CAN/CSA S806-12 code requirements. The specimens were divided to three series; series I contains three reference columns; one plain concrete and 2 specimens reinforced with steel reinforcement. Series II contains 12 specimens internally reinforced with GFRP longitudinal bars and transverse GFRP stirrups, while series III includes specimens totally reinforced with CFRP reinforcement. The experimental tests were performed at the structural laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sherbrooke. The main objective of testing these specimens is to investigate the behavior of circular concrete columns reinforced with GFRP or CFRP longitudinal bars and transverse hoops or spirals reinforcement. Several parameters have been studied; type of reinforcement, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, the volumetric ratios, diameters, and spacing of spiral reinforcement, confinement configuration (spirals versus hoops), and lap length of hoops. The test results of the tested columns were presented and discussed in terms of axial load capacity, mode of failure, concrete, longitudinal, and transverse strains, ductility, load/stress-strain response, and concrete confinement strength through four journal papers presented in this dissertation. Based on the findings of experimental investigation, the GFRP and CFRP RC columns behaved similar to the columns reinforced with steel. It was found that, FRP bars were effective in resisting compression until after crushing of concrete, and contributed on average 8% and 13% of column capacity for GFRP and CFRP RC specimens, respectively. Also, the use of GFRP and CFRP spirals or hoops according to the provisions of CSA S806-12 yielded sufficient restraint against the buckling of the longitudinal FRP bars and provided good confinement of the concrete core in the post-peak stages. The axial deformability (ductility) and confinement efficiency can be better improved by using small FRP spirals with closer spacing rather than larger diameters with greater spacing. It was found that, ignoring the contribution of FRP longitudinal bars in the CAN/CSA S806-12 design equation underestimated the maximum capacity of the tested specimens. Based on this finding, the design equation is modified to accurately predict the ultimate load capacities of FRP RC columns. New factors ?[indice inférieur g] and ?[indice inférieur c] were introduced in the modified equation to account for the GFRP and CFRP bars compressive strength properties as a function in their ultimate tensile strength. On the other hand, proposed equations and confinement model were presented to predict the axial stress-strain behavior of FRP RC columns confined by FRP spirals or hoops. The model takes into account the effect of many parameters such as; type of reinforcement, longitudinal reinforcement ratio; transverse reinforcement configuration; and the volumetric ratio. The proposed model can be used to evaluate the confining pressure, confined concrete core stress, corresponding concrete strain, and stress-strain relationship. The results of analysis using the proposed confinement model were compared with experimental database of twenty four full-scale circular FRP RC columns. A good agreement has been obtained between the analytical and experimental results. Proposed equations to predict both strength and stress-strain behavior of confined columns by FRP reinforcements demonstrate good correlation with test data obtained from full-scale specimens.

The future of food production contains some challenges. The production needs to increase in order to feed a growing population, but at the same time there is an increased need to transi- tion to more sustainable ways of cultivation. This can be a challenge since increased intensity and sustainability is not always compatible. Agroforestry systems have shown potential as sustainable food production system in previous research. The area where this study was con- ducted, Haraa in Babati District, has a long history of agroforestry. The aim of this study was to answer what resources agroforestry farmers used to manage their farms, to determine if the agroforestry systems could be regarded as sustainable. Circular economy was used as a theo- retical framework and resource flow as an analytical tool. This study investigated how the resource flow looked like on six agroforestry farms in a Haraa, a village in Tanzania. The empirical data was gathered with semi-structured interviews from 8 informants. The analysis showed that the farmers were dependent on few external resources and could produce or pre- form most of the needed resources inside their own system. The farms had a circular flow to a large extent, but some of the farms have room for improvement in the management regarding sustainability.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009. / Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-109). Issued in print and online. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--Carleton University, 1992. / Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D. in Chemistry)--Vanderbilt University, Dec. 2005. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

OLIVEIRA, José Adriano dos Santos. Sobre seções cônicas. 2015. 146 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Matemática em Rede Nacional) – Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2015. / Submitted by Rocilda Sales (rocilda@ufc.br) on 2015-07-15T16:50:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_jasoliveira.pdf: 21838431 bytes, checksum: 7028e9130fde8d567fd3d956aeaabb54 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rocilda Sales(rocilda@ufc.br) on 2015-07-15T16:50:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_jasoliveira.pdf: 21838431 bytes, checksum: 7028e9130fde8d567fd3d956aeaabb54 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-15T16:50:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_jasoliveira.pdf: 21838431 bytes, checksum: 7028e9130fde8d567fd3d956aeaabb54 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / The study in this dissertation, seeks to present the conic sections, emphasizing an approach by means of a synthetic and elementary geometry, where the work is carried out as follows: begins with a historical approach, as well as their relationship with the circular cone; then it’s done a synthetic study on the conical exclusively on the plan; It presents some quadric surfaces; the general equation of the second degree is presented as an algebraic representation of a conic and are shown several situations where the conical arise so, curiously, natural, in addition to numerous practical applications in various fields of knowledge. / O estudo realizado nesta dissertação, busca apresentar as seccões cônicas, dando ênfase a uma abordagem por meio de uma geometria sintética e elementar, onde o trabalho é desenvolvido da seguinte forma: inicia-se com uma abordagem histórica, assim como a sua relação com o cone circular; em seguida, é feito um estudo sintético sobre as cônicas, exclusivamente, no plano; apresenta-se algumas superfícies quádricas; a equação geral do segundo grau é apresentada como uma representação algébrica de uma cônica e são mostradas diversas situações, onde as cônicas surgem de forma, curiosamente, natural, além das inúmeras aplicações práticas em diversas áreas do conhecimento.

This project is questioning our modern way of life. With the current capitalistic economy we are draining the world on resources and creating inequality among people. It is often said the the capitalistic system is lifting people out of poverty and there is no better way. However, it is proven to be negative for our ecology and it is important that we find new ways of develop mobility. So our future generations can enjoy the freedom that we today have become so ac-customed to. What can we do to consume less and respect the world we are living by. Is it a matter of consuming green. Or do we need a fundamental change in how we create things. A bright light in these questions is maybe to head into a circular economy. This project therefore explores how a automotive interior would look like when designed with a circular mindset. Could a Universal Basic Income reduce extraction and what is the role of A.I and automation in the development for better mobility. For this project an in depth literature research was carried out to gather information about our economic system and social factors. The research about digitalisation and automatisation have been gathered from highly regard-ed magazines and web news papers. Second part of the research is also web based, and about sustainable materials that could be used in this interior concept. The design phase started with creation of a user in a chinese context, based from the trend analyzer firm Stylus. China was chosen because it’s a rapid growing economy and it’s the main market for the Chinese-owned car brand Lynk & Co. The collaboration partner for this thesis. The design phase followed with sketching to quickly visualize early ideas. These were then brought into a CAID program to fit the chosen package of a small city car. The design was created around a male mannequin to ensure usability. A full-size mockup was built to test functions and validate design around a large male and the smallest female percentile.  The project resulted in a strategic concept of how a new business model would push for a greener development using a circular mindset. From that perspective a interior was created using sustainable materials. The overall struc-ture is covered in a hard cover manufactured in recycled plastic. The seating and dashboard were design with the highly efficient material Abroform in mind. Abroform is based of Lignin which is a byproduct of the paper indus-try. Therefore no additional extraction is needed making it sustainable. Further it had all the positive design charac-teristics from conventional plastics. The soft seat cushions and the front dash was designed with compressed felt, manufactured from organic wool. These parts created a friendly and soft interior and are easy changeable for maintaining purposes. Overall the interior focused on providing smart storage solutions using few materials with an “bolt-on aesthetic”. The design language is using a friendly surface treatment and to include users make the journey pleasant.

Submitted by Etelvina Domingos (etelvina.domingos@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-06T17:52:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 tese_digital_iveslima.pdf: 1006004 bytes, checksum: ac61098b56ddbddb7ebe29a13f4edc2d (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-06T17:52:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 tese_digital_iveslima.pdf: 1006004 bytes, checksum: ac61098b56ddbddb7ebe29a13f4edc2d (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / CAPES / Seja M uma matroide 3-conexa menor-minimal possuindo a matroide N como menor. Em 2003, Lemos e Oxley obtiveram uma estimativa para diferença |E(M) − E(N)| e mostraram que o resultado obtido é o melhor possível, quando o menor N é conexo. Nesta tese, mostramos que esta estimativa pode ser melhorada quando o menor N é uma matroide circular, desde que M não possua um menor isomorfo ao prisma.

The onset of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) will challenge water utilities to further reduce their wastewater phosphorus discharges to < 0.5 mg.L- 1. Whilst conventional treatments, such as chemical dosing, are able to meet these new discharge consents, the strategies are representative of a linear economy model where resources are unrecovered and disposed. An alternative solution which can contribute to the aspiration of a circular economy is microalgae. Microalgae are ubiquitous in wastewater environments and assimilate phosphorus during their growth, to residual concentrations complementary of the WFD. Furthermore, microalgal biomass can be anaerobically digested to produce biomethane offering the potential for an energy neutral approach. However, uptake of microalgal systems are lacking in the UK through limited knowledge of operation; and the belief that such solutions are synonymous to large, shallow open ponds with extensive treatment times. The development of alternative microalgal reactors are increasingly investigated to overcome these implementation challenges. Of these, immobilised microalgae has shown great potential; and whilst within its infancy demonstrates the greatest opportunity for development and optimisation. This thesis determines the critical operational parameters that influence the remediation efficacy of immobilised microalgae for tertiary nutrient removal; including species selection, biomass concentration, treatment period and lighting; with recommendations for optimal performance. These recommendations are then applied to the design and operation of an immobilised bioreactor (IBR) to understand the key design and operating components that influence the overall economic viability. In doing so, the potential for an IBR to be economically viable, within the next decade, in comparison to traditional approaches are discussed.

The present study deals with the use of fiberglass reinforced polymer bars (GFRP) as a replacement for the common steel of a reinforced concrete circular pile, in order to avoid the corrosion of durability of reinforcing bars and thus improve them. The comparative analysis was carried out between a pile reinforced with GFRP and another with steel, where the ductility was evaluated by obtaining moment-curvature diagram. As a result, said idealized moment-curvature diagrams and ductility indices are presented, concluding the ductility of the section reinforced with GFRP in 20% more than that of steel.