Zazi (杂技), qui signifie « compétences variées » et dont l’équivalent en français est « l’acrobatie chinoise » est un ensemble d’arts vieux d’au moins trois millle ans. Il n’existe pas à ce jour en français de synthèse accessible et documentée par des sources chinoises de sa chronologie et de l’évolution de ses formes des origines à nos jours.Cette thèse a pour objectif de combler ce manque en documentant le sujet à partir d’un corpus d’ouvrages chinois et français. L’auteure de la thèse, chinoise, enseignante de français et traductrice, a pu accéder aux sources utiles et a conduit une enquête, voyageant entre France et Chine sur les différents terrains de conservation (bibliothèques, musées, documentation en ligne) et d’exploitation (spectacles, festivals, écoles) des arts acrobatiques chinois.La thèse met à disposition de furures recherches une synthèse des résultats obtenus lors de cette enquête, bibliographiques (250 références), iconographiques (128 documents), présentés chronologiquement en déroulant un vaste panorama, qui s’articulent en trois parties.La première propose une chronologie du développement des formes de l’acrobatie chinoise dans le contexte de chaque dynastie jusqu’à la dernière dynastie en 1912, à partir de sources et documents chinois, par des traductions originales et inédites de textes anciens ou contemporains de sinologues et d’historiens des spectacles en chine, notamment, et avec son autorisation, de textes du Pr Quifeng Fu, ainsi qu’une riche iconographie en collaboration avec la bibliothèque de Nanjing. En n’hésitant pas à s’affronter à ces problèmes de traductions, la thèse rend ainsi accessible au lecteur français une partie de l’histoire d’un des arts majeurs parmi les spectacles mondiaux.La deuxième partie étudie l’intégration en quatre étapes de l’acrobatie chinoise en France et de ses influences sur la société et la scène françaises, notamment à travers quelques exemples concernant les modes du « à la chinoise » et de la « Chinoiserie » entre les XVIIe et XIXe siècles. Elle s’intéresse ensuite aux échanges sous la République de Chine jusqu’au rebondissement de l’acrobatie chinoise au XXe siècle après la fondation de la République Populaire de Chine en 1949. Elle observe à cette occasion ses nouveaux codes artistiques et culturels, les messages politiques qu’elle véhicule lors de l’invitation des artistes chinois dans les grands festivals du cirque en France et à Monaco.La troisième partie dresse briévement les contours et les perspectives de collaborations artistiques sino-françaises en acrobatie et cirque au XXIe siècle, observe l’apport des acrobates chinois sur la scène contemporaine et les influences du spectacle vivant occidental sur l’acrobatie chinoise contemporaine, pour se questionner enfin sur le devenir de l’acrobatie chinoise en appliquant les résultats de ce voyage documentaire dans le temps et entre deux cultures, à un projet de création de festival franco-chinois de cirque et d’acrobatie en Chine. / Zaji (杂技), which means « various competences » and is sometime translated in French "Acrobatie chinoise", is a form of art at least three thousand years old. To date, there is no French synthesis available to trace its origin, development and evolutions up to the present day.This thesis aims to fill this gap by documenting the subject from a corpus of Chinese and French publications and documentation. The author of the thesis, Chinese to French translator and teacher, has conducted an investigation through her access to documentary resources, exhibits of artifacts and live shows of Chinese acrobatic arts.The thesis provides a synthesis of the results obtained during this survey, presented chronologically in a broad panorama with bibliographical references (250) refrences and iconographical (128).The thesis is composed of three chapters. The first chapter proposes a chronology of the development of the forms of Chinese acrobatics in the context of each dynasty until the last dynasty in 1912, referring to archives and documents in China, including the published and unpublished, original and translations of ancient or contemporary texts. This chapter is completed with the assistance from historians of Zaji such as Professor Fu Quifeng, as well as the support of Nanjing Library. By confronting problems of translations, the thesis makes it accessible to French readers a major history of the world's oldest performing arts.The second chapter examines the integration and reception of Chinese acrobatics in France from senventeenth century to twentieth century and its influences on French theatre, particularly in the fashion of the "Chinoiserie", then go through reciprocal exchanges during the Republic of China until the rebound of Chinese acrobatics in the twentieth century after the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, specifically its new artistic forms and cultural codes, the political messages it conveys, the invitation of Chinese artists to circus festivals in France and Monaco.The third part briefly outlines the perspectives of Sino-French artistic collaboration in circus in the twenty-first century, observes the contribution of Chinese acrobats on the contemporary scene and the influences of the Western live show on contemporary Chinese acrobatics, to finally questions the future of Chinese acrobatics by applying the results of this documentary trip between two cultures, to open the conclusion of this thesis: a French-Chinese circus and acrobatic festival will be organized by the author to explore the artistic and innovating future of Zazi.

O interesse por este estudo surgiu a partir de minha experiência pessoal por haver trabalhado e acompanhado três diferentes circos no México, por quatro anos. Considerando a compreensão do ser humano em sua singularidade no contexto cultural em que está inserido, esta investigação teve como objeto de estudo o cotidiano do circo e suas construções de sentido, propondo-se a olhar para a perspectiva do próprio circense. Mediante a fala dos participantes, investigou-se (a) elementos descritivos de seu cotidiano, (b) os momentos de tensão nas relações eu - outro e (c) as posições dialógicas que emergiram no processo de construção de sentidos. A investigação realizada é de natureza qualitativa, e o referencial teórico-metodológico adotado foi o Construtivismo Semiótico-Cultural em Psicologia que, entre outras proposições, visa à busca da gênese do processo de pesquisa, a não separação entre teoria e método e considera o pesquisador como parte importante do processo de investigação. Foram realizadas entrevistas com questões semiestruturadas e, após cada uma delas, foi solicitado ao participante que tirasse fotografias de qualquer lugar que lhe fosse significativo no Circo. A utilização do recurso fotográfico se deu como uma linguagem complementar às entrevistas, e se justifica quando se pretende compreender os significados atribuídos à imagem pelo olhar do autor da fotografia. Participaram deste estudo seis circenses adultos, sendo duas mulheres e quatro homens. Observei entre os entrevistados um encantamento com relação ao circo e ao estilo de vida itinerante. Nesse campo comum de significados, os integrantes compartilham aspectos relacionados às relações familiares, profissionais, sociais e interpessoais. Nas narrativas emergiram preocupações relacionadas ao futuro do circo em razão das dificuldades enfrentadas atualmente, em especial por causa da retirada dos animais do picadeiro, gerando uma significativa queda na bilheteria, fato que indica que o circo vem atravessando um período de mudanças culturais, já que seus espetáculos sempre estiveram relacionados à apresentação de animais. Alguns entrevistados sentem um estranhamento por parte da sociedade sedentária envolvente com relação ao circo e aos que a ele se dedicam. O circo é aberto ao público, que adentra seus domínios sem impedimentos, ressaltando por essa perspectiva a tênue relação entre o público e o privado nesse universo. Todos os participantes validaram minha posição como circense e foram muito generosos ao compartilharem comigo suas histórias de vida, possivelmente por identificarem em mim alguém que pudesse compreendê-los, em virtude de minha experiência pregressa, que me propicia conhecer as características e peculiaridades do dia a dia no circo. Este estudo aponta desdobramentos para novos projetos em Psicologia sobre circo, por exemplo, relacionados à efetividade da forma de estudos da criança circense e sobre uma possível reflexão de um modelo de atendimento psicológico que dê conta de lidar com os conflitos e o sofrimento psíquico dessa e de outras populações itinerantes. O circo, em contrapartida, abre possibilidades para novas pesquisas na área com relação às questões culturais, visando à construção de conhecimentos e ao entendimento dos universos semiótico-culturais de pessoas e grupos sociais diferenciados / The interest for this study arose from my personal experience once I worked with and accompanied three different circuses in Mexico for four years. Considering the understanding of the human being in its uniqueness regarding the cultural context in which we are inserted, this research object is the study of everyday life in the circus and its constructions of meaning, aiming at addressing the circus artists own perspective. Based on what was reported by the participants, three things were investigated a) descriptive elements of their everyday life, b) the moments of tension in the self-other relations and c) dialogical positions that emerged in the process of meaning construction. The research is qualitative, and the theoretical and methodological framework was the semiotic-cultural constructivism, which, among other propositions, aims at searching the genesis of the research process, the non-separation of theory and method, and regards the researcher as an important part of the research process. Interviews were conducted with semi-structured questions. After each one of them, the participants were asked to take photos of anything in the circus with important meaning to them. The use of photographic resource served as a supplementary language to the interviews, and its use is justified when we intend to understand the meanings attributed to the images through the eyes of the author of the picture. The study included six circus adult performers, from which two were female and four male. I observed enchantment among the participants in relation to the circus and its itinerant lifestyle. In this common field of meanings, members share aspects related to family as well as carry out professional, social and interpersonal relationships. In the narratives, concerns related to the future of the circus emerged due to the difficulties it currently faces mainly due to the removal of animals from the arena, which caused a significant drop in ticket sales; a fact which indicates that at this time the circus is experiencing a period of cultural changes, since its presentations have always been related to the presentation of animals. Some participants share the view that there is estrangement from the surrounding sedentary society regarding the circus business and those who dedicate their lives to it. The circus is open to the public and people enter its premises without being hindered by this perspective, emphasizing the tenuous relationship between the public and private sectors in this universe. All participants validated my position as a circus artist and were very generous in sharing their life stories with me possibly because they were able to relate to me for regarding me as someone who could understand them, due to my past circus experience, which allows me to know the characteristics and peculiarities of everyday life in circus. This research points out the development of new project in psychology concerning the circus, such as, for example, those related to the effectiveness of the method in which circus children are educated, and regarding a possible reflection psychologically oriented that accounts for the conflict and psychological distress in this and other mobile populations. The circus, in contrast, opens up possibilities for further research in the area relating to cultural issues in order to build knowledge and understand people\'s cultural-semiotic universes and different social groups

Orientador: Mário Fernando Bolognesi / Coorientador: Roberto Tessari / Banca: Elisabete Vitória Dorgam Martins / Banca: Marianna Francisca Martins Monteiro / Banca: Vilma Camposdos Santos Leite / Banca: Luciana de Fátima R. P. de Lyra / Resumo: Esta tese fundamenta-se na identificação e na análise comparativa das "duplas cômicas" presentes na Commedia dell'Arte italiana e na manifestação da cultura popular brasileira do Cavalo Marinho, bem como faz referência às duplas de palhaços do Circo. Existem muitos traços em comum nessas manifestações cênicas, tais como as características e as funções dos arquétipos cômicos populares nelas presentes. Inicialmente, é apresentado um entendimento sobre as origens, constituição e características dessas "duplas cômicas", baseado no contexto histórico e artístico do seu surgimento, nos elementos da sua estrutura, na sua função e na sua permanência ao longo do tempo, evidenciando -se alguns de seus principais representantes. A análise tem como ponto de partida o mito do trickster, cuja definição possibilita o entendimento das dualidades surgidas nas manifestações cênica s. Em seguida, é traçado um percurso histórico da Commedia dell'Arte, para chegar aos dois polos arquetípicos cômicos representados por Primeiro e Segundo Zanni, sendo Brighella e Arlecchino, respectivamente, seus representantes ícones. A parte final é dedicada a um estudo do Cavalo Marinho, objeto do mestrado do autor, focado especialmente na relação da dupla cômica de Mateus e Bastião / Abstract: This thesis is based on the identification and comparative analysis of "comedic double" present in the Commedia dell'Arte italian and the manifestation of brazilian popular culture Cavalo Marinho and refers to the pairs of circus clowns. There are many common traits in these scenic manifestations, such as the characteristics and functions of comic archetypes popular present in them. Initially, it presented an understanding of the origins, formation and characteristics of "comedic double" based on the historical and artistic context of its emergence, the elements of its structure, its function and its perma nence over time, demonstrating some of its main representatives.The analysis takes as its starting point the trickster myth, whose definition enables understanding of the dualities that arise in performing demonstrations. It is then traced a historical course of the Commedia dell'Arte, to get the two comedic archetypal poles represented by First and Second Zanni, Brighella and Arlecchino, respectively, their icons representatives. The final part is devoted to a study of the Cavalo Marinho, author of the master object, focused especially on the relationship of double comedic Mateus and Bastião / Astratto: Questa tesi si basa sull'identificazione e sull'analisi comparativa delle "coppie comiche" presenti nella Commedia dell'Arte italiana e nella manifestazione della cultura popolare brasiliana del Cavalo Marinho, così come fa riferimento alle coppie de pagliacci del Circo. Esistono molte tracce in comune in queste manifestazioni sceniche, come le caratteristiche e le funzione degli archetipi comici popolari in esse presenti. Inizialmente, viene presentata una visione delle origini, costituzioni e caratteristiche di que ste "coppie comiche", basata sul contesto storico ed artistico della loro nascita, sugli elementi della loro struttura, sulla loro funzione e sulla loro permanenza nel corso del tempo, evidenziando alcuni dei suoi principali rappresentanti. L'analisi ha come punto di partenza il mito del trickster, la cui definizione permette la comprensione delle dualità sorte nelle manifestazioni sceniche. In seguito, viene tracciato un percorso storico della Commedia dell'Arte, per giungere ai due poli archetipici comici rappresentati da Primo e Secondo Zanni, essendo Brighella e Arlecchino, rispettivamente, le loro icone più rappresentative. La parte conclusiva è dedicata a uno studio sul Cavalo Marinho, oggetto del master dell'autore, focalizzato soprattutto sulla relaz ione della coppia comica di Mateus e Bastião / Doutor

This study is about the Mongolian circus performers who work in Taiwan. Do their skills influence the outcome of their work conditions in Taiwan? This qualitative research carries out with interviews and participation observations. It explores Mongolian circus performers¡¦ working conditions, and the problems they face in different environments. The author has made several fieldwork trips to three places, and interviewed 17 performers. It contends that Mongolian circus performers are not in a disadvantaged industrial relations position due to, first, they are skilled labor; second, there is no clear rule regarding circus performers by Taiwan government; and third, the contract is clearly written about working contents, which makes the conflict less likely between migrant workers and employer.

In this thesis, I explore the June 1946 issue of Dance Index: Joseph Cornell’s “Clowns, Elephants and Ballerinas.” Through the archive of materials collected and presented by Cornell, I attempt to understand the histories of performance offered to the magazine’s readers. Despite the rich field of scholarship dedicated to Cornell and his art, very little work has been dedicated to his contributions to Dance Index. I interpret “Clowns, Elephants and Ballerinas” as both a collage and a series of histories, and I present the magazine as a serious work in Cornell’s oeuvre. I also endeavor to provide an understanding of Cornell’s working method, his sense of history, and the ways his juxtapositions of word and image provide meaning to readers. Weaving together the visual and textual, contemporary and historical, Cornell explores performance legacies, American and European exchange, and pantomime, dance, and circus performance tradition through this magazine issue. Cornell uses each of his diverse materials to explore larger social and political issues as well as artistic traditions. “Clowns, Elephants and Ballerinas” represents a crystallization of a moment in one of his many “explorations.” / text

This paper seeks to continue the research started by scholars such as W. Liebeschuetz and P. Bell in order to challenge the traditional argument put forth by Al. Cameron, namely that the circus factions did not have a political role in society. The objective of this study is to examine the political importance of the circus factions from the reign of Anastasius (491-518) to Heraclius (610-641). Furthermore, it explores the political motivations behind the factions’ violent behaviour, the evidence for their involvement in the military, and their role in accession ceremonies. The methodology includes establishing a typology for sixth century riots, an examination of the hippodrome and its role as a medium between people and emperor, tracing the shift in the focus of imperial ideology, and a re-evaluation of the primary sources, with a focus on the literary and epigraphic evidence, to determine if there was a political aspect to the factions. The study concludes that Cameron did undervalue the factions’ political importance and outlines the conditions that were influential in their rise in importance.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:14:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 yatsu_rk_me_assis.pdf: 641166 bytes, checksum: 5d7b2ce790cd209f94655f0110c76b1b (MD5) / O presente trabalho apresenta uma análise do romance Noites no circo (1984), da autora inglesa Angela Carter, abordando principalmente a personagem central, Fevvers. No primeiro capítulo tratamos brevemente da vida e obra da autora, e também da fortuna crítica produzida sobre o romance. Ainda neste primeiro capítulo, procuramos analisar algumas das nomenclaturas ligadas à produção carteriana, como realismo mágico, pósmodernismo e feminismo, tendo como referência alguns estudos já realizados. No segundo capítulo, utilizamos teorias acerca da simbologia. O interesse é analisar alguns dos símbolos que aparecem no romance e são relevantes na leitura, pois deixam subentendidos alguns dos sentidos que a autora deseja transmitir. No terceiro capítulo, o interesse é demonstrar que nesta extensa narrativa de Angela Carter, as representações estão presentes e produzem o clima de espetáculo, fazendo do romance um verdadeiro circo / The present work presents an analysis of the novel Nights at the circus (1984), by the English writer Angela Carter, above all approaching the main character, Fevvers. In the first chapter we briefly deal with the writer´s life and work, and also with the critical works produced about the novel. Still in this chapter, we try to analyze some of the terminology related to Carter´s production, such as magic realism, post-modernism and feminism, taking as reference studies already done. In the second chapter, we use theories about symbology. The interest is to analyze some of the symbols which appear in the novel and are important during the reading because they let implicit some of the meanings that the author wants to transmit. In the third chapter the interest is to demonstrate that in this long Carterian narrative the representations are present and produce the spectacle mood, turning the novel into a real circus

Female solo aerialists of the 1920s and early 1930s were internationally popular performers in the largest live mass entertainment of the period in the UK and USA. Yet these aerialists and this period in circus history have been largely forgotten by scholars. I address this omission by arguing these stars should be remembered for how they contributed to strength being incorporated into some stereotypes of femininity. Analysing in detail Lillian Leitzel, Luisita Leers and, to a lesser extent the Flying Codonas, I employ a cross-disciplinary methodology unique to aerial scholarship that uses embodied understanding to reinvigorate archival resources. This approach allows me to build on the wider scholarly histories of Peta Tait, drawing important conclusions about the form including how weightlessness is constructed and risk is performed. In the introduction I re-evaluate the nostalgic histories of circus to establish circus’ and aerialists’ popularity in this period, before exploring how engagements shaped careers. Chapter 1 considers the difference in experiencing aerialists in the USA and UK by bringing together previously unrelated data on circus, variety and vaudeville venues. Aerialists made good celebrities because their acts, located above audience members’ heads, challenged the conventional relationship between ticket prices and sightlines. Chapter 2 explores how the kinaesthetic fantasy evoked by experiencing aerial action created glamour and how glamour had the power to reframe femininity in the 1920s. Glamour and celebrity have often been confused and Chapter 3 distinguishes the two before considering what characterises aerial celebrity. Reconfiguring Joseph Roach’s public intimacy as skilful vulnerability allows me to analyse how risk was gendered and performed in relationship to skill. The gendering of risk leads me to consider what in society contributed to aerial stardom by drawing upon Richard Dyer’s argument that celebrities embody a cultural ambiguity. Female aerialists reframed their femininity in a similar way to women who aspired to the modern girl stereotype in wider society. In the final chapter I expand on the activity of the modern girl, comparing strategies used by young exercising women to female aerialists. This enables me to draw conclusions about how witnessing these stars tapped into national ideas of citizenship, and to designate aerialists as the first to use the power of glamour to make muscular femininity acceptable.

Esta é uma história que teci a partir do estudo da trajetória do artista e empresário circense português Albano Pereira. Num contexto em que o uso de estruturas provisórias ou móveis era corrente entre as companhias circenses, detive-me aos esforços deste empresário no intuito de erigir e manter estruturas de caráter estável em duas cidades da província do Rio Grande do Sul: Porto Alegre e Rio Grande, entre os anos de 1875 e 1887. A partir da análise dos casos do Circo Universal, do Anfiteatro Albano Pereira, do Teatro de Variedades e do Polytheama Rio-grandense, através de fontes diversas, tais como atas de câmaras municipais, processos judiciais, jornais e textos de memorialistas, investigo o processo de construção e manutenção de tais estruturas, as relações estabelecidas entre empresário e municipalidades, os termos de cedência de áreas públicas ao uso do circo, o estabelecimento de sociedades particulares, bem como aspectos relativos à produção circense ligada à Albano Pereira. Nesse estudo, formulei a hipótese de que o investimento deste empresário na construção de estruturas estáveis representou não apenas, a criação de espaços adequados e capazes de comportar a realização de espetáculos circenses – sob sua direção ou de companhias convidadas – mas também, a criação de espaços disponíveis à realização de variadas atividades culturais locais. Nesse sentido, os circos estáveis de Albano Pereira representaram significativa contribuição à cultura local, dada a criação de espaços voltados ao lazer e à diversão num contexto caracterizado por sua quase escassez ou precariedade. / This is a story that I’ve wove from the study of the career of the portuguese artist and circus entrepreneur Albano Pereira. In a context where the use of temporary or mobile structures was current by the circus companies, I’ve stopped in the efforts of this entrepreneur in his intention to build and maintain stable structures in two cities in the province of Rio Grande do Sul: Porto Alegre and Rio Grande, between the years of 1875 and 1887. Since the analysis on the cases of the Circo Universal, the Anfiteatro Albano Pereira, the Teatro de Variedades and the Polytheama Rio-grandense, from different sources, such as the cities councils proceedings, court cases, newspapers and texts from memorialists, I investigate the construction and maintenance process of these structures, the relations established between the entrepreneur and the municipalities, the terms of transfer of public areas to the use of the circus, the establishment of private societies, as well as aspects related to the circus production linked to Albano Pereira. In this study, I’ve formulated a hypothesis that the investment of this entrepreneur in the construction of stable structures represented not only the creation of suitable spaces, capable of accommodating circus spectacles – under his direction or invited companies – but also the creation of available spaces for different cultural local activities. In this way, the permanent circus of Albano Pereira represented a significant contribution for the local culture, given the creation of spaces for leisure and fun in a context characterized by its almost scarcity and precariousness.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-17T19:34:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-04-06. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-18T12:47:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000836467.pdf: 5191527 bytes, checksum: a8a273fae85278a489ed044f14132eb7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta pesquisa tem como proposta apresentar a trajetória do Circo Chiarini (1856 - 1897) em sua primeira temporada brasileira, de 1869 a 1872, e analisar o quanto a produção da linguagem circense no período estabeleceu os mais variados diálogos, relações, incorporações e trocas com a sociedade, ou seja, o quanto foi contemporânea a esse momento histórico tanto numa perspectiva temporal quanto relacional. Nesse sentido, por meio do cruzamento de variadas fontes, principalmente bibliográficas e jornalísticas, foi possível perceber a dimensão da complexa construção artística, empresarial, publicitária e arquitetônica encabeçada pelos circos na segunda metade do século XIX, e o quanto a arte circense foi protagonista do que estava acontecendo em termos artísticos, tecnológicos, culturais e políticos do Brasil oitocentista / This research has the purpose to present the trajectory of Chiarini Circus (1856 - 1897) in his first Brazilian season, 1869-1872, and analyze how the production of the circus language in the period established the various dialogues, relations, mergers and exchanges with the society, that is, how much was contemporary to this historic moment both a temporal perspective as a relational. Accordingly, by crossing a variety of sources, especially bibliographical and news, it was possible understand the dimension of artistic construction complex, business, advertising and architectural headed by circuses in the second half of the 19 th century, and how much the circus was the protagonist what was happening in terms artistic, technological, cultural and political of nineteenth-century Brazil