Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-10-30T16:06:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Paul Cezânne Souza Cardoso de Moraes - 2014.pdf: 9635716 bytes, checksum: b7c8ee9eecd6bdbaa0fa6cd3da3fc2de (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-10-31T09:53:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Paul Cezânne Souza Cardoso de Moraes - 2014.pdf: 9635716 bytes, checksum: b7c8ee9eecd6bdbaa0fa6cd3da3fc2de (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-31T09:53:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Paul Cezânne Souza Cardoso de Moraes - 2014.pdf: 9635716 bytes, checksum: b7c8ee9eecd6bdbaa0fa6cd3da3fc2de (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research focus visualities in school context, with emphasis on visual interventions unauthorized, produced by students, considered at of vandalism: clandestine interventions. The analysis were developed under the perspective of visual culture studies. The ethnographic observations were developed on a school located on the limit between the cities of Goiânia and Aparecida de Goiânia. The first part of this study is aimed to my personal experience as a student of basic education, and my concerns where are the roots to the systematization of this research in my old school. There I collected the information I analyse in this paper. There is a reflection on my journey as a student, where I produced some of these unauthorized intervention, and the concerns that motivated me to return to Old School as a research field. Then there is an in-depth study of the field research, and visual images concerning to the school interventions. The school context was transformed by the six years I had conclude my studies there. Besides the critical analysis of clandestine interventions labeled by the school as pichação, this study intended to evoke the voices of their respective producers: the anonymous voices of students. / As problematizações nesta pesquisa partiram das visualidades que integram o contexto escolar, com ênfase nas intervenções visuais não autorizadas produzidas pelos discentes, consideradas como ato depredatório: intervenções clandestinas. Esta reflexão foi desenvolvida sob a perspectiva dos estudos da cultura visual. O campo de pesquisa restringiu-se a uma única escola, localizada nos limites entre as cidades de Goiânia e Aparecida de Goiânia. A primeira parte deste estudo está voltada à minha experiência pessoal enquanto aluno da educação básica, e minhas inquietações que, posteriormente, apontaram para a sistematização de uma pesquisa de volta a minha antiga escola, onde coletei o material de campo discutido neste trabalho. Há uma reflexão sobre meu percurso como aluno que produzia parte dessas intervenções não autorizadas, e as inquietações que me motivaram a retomar à antiga instituição de ensino como campo de pesquisa. Em seguida, há um estudo aprofundado da pesquisa de campo, sua sistematização, desenvolvimento e imagens referentes às intervenções visuais da escola. O contexto escolar foi transformado pelo tempo, transcorridos seis anos do meu afastamento. Além da análise crítica das intervenções clandestinas rotuladas pela escola como pichações, esta pesquisa buscou evocar as vozes de seus respectivos produtores: as vozes anônimas dos discentes.

É imprescindível a produção de alimentos em maior quantidade, segurança e qualidade, sob processos que equilibram o máximo possível interesses econômicos, sociais, culturais, políticos e ambientais, com motivação não apenas no aspecto técnico, mas em uma abordagem mais humanizada. Assim, atenuando os problemas de produção não só com instrução, mas mostrando a importância do produtor de alimentos como agente promotor de Saúde Pública. O Brasil possui uma legislação sanitária rigorosa que orienta, regula e normatiza os procedimentos e cuidados a serem adotados na produção de alimentos. Entretanto há questões culturais que frequentemente entram em conflito com as leis. O abate informal de aves e o contexto sanitário no município de São Paulo é assunto riquíssimo de se discutir, pois há toda uma legislação de esferas diferentes que regula o assunto em questão; ações e crenças populares que influenciam a prática; a questão étnica dos atores desse cenário. Em paralelo, o consumidor (ou mercados externos) torna-se mais exigente a cada dia quanto a segurança e qualidade. Na primeira parte deste trabalho há a apresentação do conceito de Segurança Alimentar; a contextualização e desenvolvimento da Avicultura Brasileira; a situação do abate informal no Brasil e impactos na Saúde Pública; o papel do Médico Veterinário em relação às avícolas. Considerando a escassez de trabalhos direcionados especificamente a este tema objetivou-se fazer uma análise crítica sobre a existência e funcionamento das “Avícolas” na cidade de São Paulo, identificar os fatores facilitadores do funcionamento deste tipo de estabelecimento e discutir ações para mitigar os riscos sanitários envolvidos nesta atividade, com enfoque na hipótese de que são informais, ilegais e clandestino, oferecendo risco à Saúde Pública, que não é viável sua existência nos moldes atuais, porém são possíveis modificações para viabiliza-los. Na segunda parte é apresentado o cenário das avícolas no município em uma estimativa de cerca de 3900 estabelecimentos, porém não existem dados oficiais exatos sobre o assunto. Através de vistorias foi possível constatar que os locais não ofereciam condições para alojamento dos animais pensando na segurança pública e bem estar animal, tampouco de executar a atividade que se propõe. O ambiente de trabalho é promíscuo, não há cuidados com o colaborador, dejetos, tampouco implantação de programas de autocontrole e/ou boas práticas de fabricação. Confrontando a legislação vigente com essa realidade são estabelecimentos informais e ilegais, infringindo diversas leis sanitárias, ambientais, trabalhistas e fiscais. Impacta em potencial as finanças públicas pelo potencial zoonótico desta prática. A comercialização de aves em Avícolas se mantém, predominantemente pela falsa crença de que são animais saudáveis, igual aos frangos criados no sítio, remetendo a uma memória emocional das pessoas, que compram um produto mais caro sem condições mínimas necessárias. Em 2006 houve um projeto de lei municipal na tentativa de legalizar a prática por integrar a cultura de etnias específicas, como os orientais. Como perspectivas para regularização das Avícolas e otimização da fiscalização é possível a criação de um banco de dados integrado entre os órgãos estatais diretamente envolvidos possibilitando cruzar, relacionar e complementar informações pertinentes a esta questão, levando a um olhar mais amplo do setor produtivo, do delineamento estratégico de controle e vigilância sanitária, análise de dados e resultados ao longo das ações. Também, fortalecer o sistema de fiscalização, sendo mais efetiva e presente, implantar categoria “Avícolas” no sistema de cadastro da vigilância sanitária municipal e projetos de leis pertinentes à área contarem com participação e discussão de profissionais e acadêmicos da área de interesse. Ainda, a organização em cooperativa de criação e/ou produção, possibilitando a implantação de SUASA e/ou SIM, organizando e regulamentando a prática. O investimento em informação e educação para comerciantes e população é uma arma eficaz de longo prazo para o combate à prática / It is essential food production in greater quantity, safety and quality in processes that balance as much as possible economic, social, cultural, political and environmental interests, with motivation not only in technical aspects, but in a more humane approach. Thus, reducing production problems not only with education, but showing food producer’s importance as public health promoter. Brazil has strict health legislation that directs, regulates and standardizes the procedures and precautions to be adopted in food production. However there are cultural issues that often conflict with the law. The informal slaughter of poultry and sanitary context in São Paulo is rich topic to discuss because there is a whole different spheres of legislation regulating the issue; actions and popular beliefs that influence the practice; ethnicity of the actors in this scenario. In parallel, the consumer (or foreign markets) becomes more rigorous every day for safety and quality. The first part of this study presents the concept of Food Safety; Brazilian Poultry’s context and development; the situation of informal slaughter in Brazil and impacts on Public Health; the role of the veterinarian in relation to poultry. Considering the lack of work specifically on this topic aimed to make a critical analysis of the existence and operation of "Poultry" in São Paulo, identify factors that facilitate the operation of this type of establishment and discuss actions to mitigate health risks involved in this activity, focusing on the hypothesis that are informal, illegal and clandestine, offering a risk to public health, it is not feasible its existence in the current form, but modifications are possible for enables them. The second part presents the scenario of poultry in the city on an estimate of about 3900 establishments, but there are no accurate official data on the subject. Through inspections it was found that the sites did not offer conditions for housing the animals thinking about public safety and animal welfare, either running the activity it proposes. The workplace is promiscuous, there is no employee’s care, waste, either implementation of self-control programs and/or good manufacturing practices. Confronting the current legislation with that reality are informal and illegal settlements, violating various health, environmental, labor and tax laws. Potential impact on public finances by the zoonotic potential of this practice. The sale of chicken in Poultry remains predominantly by the false belief that they are healthy animals, like the chickens raised on the grange, referring to an emotional memory of people who buy a more expensive product without minimum required conditions. In 2006 there was a municipal bill in an attempt to legalize the practice to integrate the culture of specific ethnic groups such as Asians. As prospects for settlement of Poultry and supervision of optimization is possible to create an integrated database between state agencies directly involved in allowing cross, relate and additional information relevant to this issue, leading to a broader vision of the productive sector, the design strategic control and health monitoring, data analysis and results over the shares. Also, strengthen the inspection system, more effective and present, deploy category "Poultry" in the registration system of municipal health surveillance and projects of relevant laws to the area count on participation and discussion of professional and academic area of interest. The organization in cooperative breeding and/or production, enabling the deployment of Suasa and/or SIM, organizing and regulating the practice. Investment in information and education for traders and population is an effective weapon of long-term to combat the practice

This dissertation seeks to identify the elements that inform the model for competing message propagation systems in a restrictive environment. It pays attention to message propagation by sanctioned and clandestine radio stations in pre- and post-independent Zimbabwe. This dissertation uses two models of message propagation in a limiting information environment: Sturges' information model of national liberation struggle and Chatman's small world information model. All the message propagation elements in the Sturges and Chatman's models are present in the broadcast texts analyzed. However, the findings of this dissertation indicate that communication in a restrictive information environment is designed such that its participants make sense of their situation, and come up with ways to solve the challenges of their small world. Also, a restrictive information environment is situational, and message propagators operating in it are subject to tactical changes at different times, accordingly altering their cognitive maps. The two models fail to address these concerns. This dissertation focused on message propagation in Zimbabwe because there is military belligerence involved in the information warfare. It therefore provides an extreme situation, which can help our understanding of more everyday instances of communication and interference of communication. Findings of this dissertation recommend the need to emphasize that information input, output and suppression are components dependent on each other; not discrete and independent categories of information activities.

Certes l’étude du monde de la prostitution clandestine et la rencontre des prostituées clandestines sont, pour nous, une expérience fort enrichissante. Mais, côtoyer ces femmes et faire partager leurs expériences et leur vécu n’est pas du tout une tâche aisée. En étudiant cette communauté bien particulière, nous nous sommes heurtée à des difficultés : fréquentation de lieux infâmes, refus de collaboration de certaines prostituées, arnaque et dépense de grandes sommes d’argent. Notre objectif est de comprendre le phénomène de la prostitution clandestine dans la ville de Sfax, les profils des femmes qui y évoluent, y compris celles issues de la migration, et ce qui les incite à cette condition. Notre motivation principale est de découvrir un phénomène minoré dans les études sociologiques en Tunisie. Nous avons opté pour une perspective de la sociologie compréhensive. Des prostituées clandestines ont été rencontrées par l’intermédiaire de plusieurs acteurs ; proxénètes, courtiers immobiliers, prostituées clandestines, éducatrices paires. Des récits de vie, issus d’observations réalisées dans les salons de thé et dans les grands boulevards de la ville de Sfax, ont été réalisés auprès de 25 femmes tunisiennes et ont permis d'explorer en profondeur leurs expériences prostitutionnelles. À cela s’ajoute l’expérience que nous avons vécue à l’Association Tunisienne de Lutte contre les Maladies Sexuellement Transmissibles et le Sida basée à Sfax, en tant qu’assistante sociale dans le cadre du projet du Fonds mondial de lutte contre le Sida, la Tuberculose et le Paludisme. / Certainly the study of the world of illegal prostitution and meeting clandestine prostitutes are, for us, a very rewarding experience. However, contacting these women, and therefore sharing their experiences is by no means an easy task. While studying this particular community, we faced several difficulties: getting access to infamous places, resisting to collaborate on the part of certain prostitutes, swindle and spending big amounts of money. Our goal is to understand the phenomenon of clandestine prostitution in Sfax City, the profiles of women who live there, including those from migration, as well as the push factors to this condition. Our main motivation is to explore un understudied topic in the sociological literature in Tunisia. We opted for a perspective of comprehensive sociology. Meeting clandestine prostitutes have been arranged through several actors; pimps, real estate agents, clandestine prostitutes, peer educators. Life stories of 25 Tunisian women were drafted based on observations made in the tea rooms and on the boulevards of the city of Sfax, which allowed to explore in depth their prostitution experiences. In addition, our experience with the Tunisian Association to fight Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS, based in Sfax, as a social worker in the framework of the Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria.

É imprescindível a produção de alimentos em maior quantidade, segurança e qualidade, sob processos que equilibram o máximo possível interesses econômicos, sociais, culturais, políticos e ambientais, com motivação não apenas no aspecto técnico, mas em uma abordagem mais humanizada. Assim, atenuando os problemas de produção não só com instrução, mas mostrando a importância do produtor de alimentos como agente promotor de Saúde Pública. O Brasil possui uma legislação sanitária rigorosa que orienta, regula e normatiza os procedimentos e cuidados a serem adotados na produção de alimentos. Entretanto há questões culturais que frequentemente entram em conflito com as leis. O abate informal de aves e o contexto sanitário no município de São Paulo é assunto riquíssimo de se discutir, pois há toda uma legislação de esferas diferentes que regula o assunto em questão; ações e crenças populares que influenciam a prática; a questão étnica dos atores desse cenário. Em paralelo, o consumidor (ou mercados externos) torna-se mais exigente a cada dia quanto a segurança e qualidade. Na primeira parte deste trabalho há a apresentação do conceito de Segurança Alimentar; a contextualização e desenvolvimento da Avicultura Brasileira; a situação do abate informal no Brasil e impactos na Saúde Pública; o papel do Médico Veterinário em relação às avícolas. Considerando a escassez de trabalhos direcionados especificamente a este tema objetivou-se fazer uma análise crítica sobre a existência e funcionamento das “Avícolas” na cidade de São Paulo, identificar os fatores facilitadores do funcionamento deste tipo de estabelecimento e discutir ações para mitigar os riscos sanitários envolvidos nesta atividade, com enfoque na hipótese de que são informais, ilegais e clandestino, oferecendo risco à Saúde Pública, que não é viável sua existência nos moldes atuais, porém são possíveis modificações para viabiliza-los. Na segunda parte é apresentado o cenário das avícolas no município em uma estimativa de cerca de 3900 estabelecimentos, porém não existem dados oficiais exatos sobre o assunto. Através de vistorias foi possível constatar que os locais não ofereciam condições para alojamento dos animais pensando na segurança pública e bem estar animal, tampouco de executar a atividade que se propõe. O ambiente de trabalho é promíscuo, não há cuidados com o colaborador, dejetos, tampouco implantação de programas de autocontrole e/ou boas práticas de fabricação. Confrontando a legislação vigente com essa realidade são estabelecimentos informais e ilegais, infringindo diversas leis sanitárias, ambientais, trabalhistas e fiscais. Impacta em potencial as finanças públicas pelo potencial zoonótico desta prática. A comercialização de aves em Avícolas se mantém, predominantemente pela falsa crença de que são animais saudáveis, igual aos frangos criados no sítio, remetendo a uma memória emocional das pessoas, que compram um produto mais caro sem condições mínimas necessárias. Em 2006 houve um projeto de lei municipal na tentativa de legalizar a prática por integrar a cultura de etnias específicas, como os orientais. Como perspectivas para regularização das Avícolas e otimização da fiscalização é possível a criação de um banco de dados integrado entre os órgãos estatais diretamente envolvidos possibilitando cruzar, relacionar e complementar informações pertinentes a esta questão, levando a um olhar mais amplo do setor produtivo, do delineamento estratégico de controle e vigilância sanitária, análise de dados e resultados ao longo das ações. Também, fortalecer o sistema de fiscalização, sendo mais efetiva e presente, implantar categoria “Avícolas” no sistema de cadastro da vigilância sanitária municipal e projetos de leis pertinentes à área contarem com participação e discussão de profissionais e acadêmicos da área de interesse. Ainda, a organização em cooperativa de criação e/ou produção, possibilitando a implantação de SUASA e/ou SIM, organizando e regulamentando a prática. O investimento em informação e educação para comerciantes e população é uma arma eficaz de longo prazo para o combate à prática / It is essential food production in greater quantity, safety and quality in processes that balance as much as possible economic, social, cultural, political and environmental interests, with motivation not only in technical aspects, but in a more humane approach. Thus, reducing production problems not only with education, but showing food producer’s importance as public health promoter. Brazil has strict health legislation that directs, regulates and standardizes the procedures and precautions to be adopted in food production. However there are cultural issues that often conflict with the law. The informal slaughter of poultry and sanitary context in São Paulo is rich topic to discuss because there is a whole different spheres of legislation regulating the issue; actions and popular beliefs that influence the practice; ethnicity of the actors in this scenario. In parallel, the consumer (or foreign markets) becomes more rigorous every day for safety and quality. The first part of this study presents the concept of Food Safety; Brazilian Poultry’s context and development; the situation of informal slaughter in Brazil and impacts on Public Health; the role of the veterinarian in relation to poultry. Considering the lack of work specifically on this topic aimed to make a critical analysis of the existence and operation of "Poultry" in São Paulo, identify factors that facilitate the operation of this type of establishment and discuss actions to mitigate health risks involved in this activity, focusing on the hypothesis that are informal, illegal and clandestine, offering a risk to public health, it is not feasible its existence in the current form, but modifications are possible for enables them. The second part presents the scenario of poultry in the city on an estimate of about 3900 establishments, but there are no accurate official data on the subject. Through inspections it was found that the sites did not offer conditions for housing the animals thinking about public safety and animal welfare, either running the activity it proposes. The workplace is promiscuous, there is no employee’s care, waste, either implementation of self-control programs and/or good manufacturing practices. Confronting the current legislation with that reality are informal and illegal settlements, violating various health, environmental, labor and tax laws. Potential impact on public finances by the zoonotic potential of this practice. The sale of chicken in Poultry remains predominantly by the false belief that they are healthy animals, like the chickens raised on the grange, referring to an emotional memory of people who buy a more expensive product without minimum required conditions. In 2006 there was a municipal bill in an attempt to legalize the practice to integrate the culture of specific ethnic groups such as Asians. As prospects for settlement of Poultry and supervision of optimization is possible to create an integrated database between state agencies directly involved in allowing cross, relate and additional information relevant to this issue, leading to a broader vision of the productive sector, the design strategic control and health monitoring, data analysis and results over the shares. Also, strengthen the inspection system, more effective and present, deploy category "Poultry" in the registration system of municipal health surveillance and projects of relevant laws to the area count on participation and discussion of professional and academic area of interest. The organization in cooperative breeding and/or production, enabling the deployment of Suasa and/or SIM, organizing and regulating the practice. Investment in information and education for traders and population is an effective weapon of long-term to combat the practice

Broad personality or global traits are unlikely to assist in solving capital crimes, so forensic psychologists have begun to focus on characteristics of the crime to create differentiating profiles. The purpose of this study was to determine if offender and victim characteristics and method of murder could provide cluster profiles differentiating familial relationship between offender and victim. Guided by classical conditioning theory and social learning theory, an archival database of 147 capital offenders responsible for 506 victims was analyzed. Cluster analysis yielded 3 distinct profiles. Compared to other clusters, Cluster 1 offenders tended to be Black and unfamiliar with their victims, who tended to be male between 20 and 50 years old that were typically shot. Cluster 2 offenders tended to be White and familiar with their typically female victims under the age of 20 who they typically murdered by use of blunt force or strangulation. Cluster 3 offenders were distinguished from the other 2 clusters only by having accounted for 90.6% of all victims who were stabbed, but no other associations with variables in the data set were discovered to explain this finding. Though limited in sample size, range of variables, and supplemental insights that could have been gained from case files or interviews, the results contribute to positive social change with offender-victim characteristics and method of murder profiles that begin to differentiate the familial offender-victim relationship and that future research can prospectively build on to create retrospective profiling models, which could potentially lead to resolving unsolved serial murder cases.

No description available.

This thesis critically examines the role of suffering in violence, by applying a postmodern perspective to empirical examples gathered during fieldwork in Malmö in 2011.by Combing Bourdieu’s perspectives on practice with Turner’s concepts of space and liminality, Malmö takes on a new light. Through the criminalization of rejected asylum seekers, Malmö — otherwise a location of everyday peace — becomes an inside-out space defined by suffering where the clandestine asylum seekers are physically located within Swedish society, yet legally, culturally and socially located outside. Within this space bought into existence through the creation of clandestine asylum seekers new social relationships are formed — new ways of ‘being in the world’. In this thesis the clandestine asylum seekers are facilitating the altruistic and philanthropic practices of volunteers, whilst simultaneously becoming a utility for personal gain through exploitation. By examining these newly created social relations this thesis explores the experiences of suffering from an emic perspective, which provides an alternative and holistic approach to understanding the relationalities of experiences of suffering, personhood and the social field. These relationalites of suffering are exhibited through postulates of identity, performances, ways of doing and being, subjectivities and difference, as tools for viewing the social encounters taking place in a specific field.

Cette thèse s’intéresse aux effets de l’opposition entre les dynamiques migratoires et les dynamiques de contrôle frontalier. L’étude se centre sur le flux de migrants centraméricains à destination des États-Unis. Ce flux transite par un système de frontières formé d’une zone tampon sur l’ensemble du territoire mexicain et d’une frange érigée en rempart high-tech à la frontière sud des États-Unis. Dans cet immense espace, la frontière a créé des marges par où les migrants tentent la contourner en traversant par une économie souterraine structurée autour de l’abus aux migrants clandestins en transit. L’analyse du système migratoire d’un village des hautes terres du Guatemala montre comment le flux persiste malgré la frontière par l’action en réseau de migrants. La comparaison entre une trentaine d’expériences d’hommes et de femmes en mobilité clandestine sur la route de transit révèle que la frontière s’abat sur les acteurs dans des modalités spécifiques selon leur genre et leurs ressources sociales, économiques et de mobilité. Les migrants éprouvent la frontière comme un espace d’adversité auquel ils doivent s’adapter en permanence en l’assumant intégralement afin de pouvoir continuer leur voyage vers le lieu qu’ils imaginent au nord. Ce travail, fondé sur des enquêtes de terrain réalisées entre 2005 et 2012 dans des lieux d’origine, de transit et de destination disséminés dans l’espace migratoire, cherche à illustrer comment un flux migratoire et ses acteurs réagissent à un système frontalier contemporain. / This thesis addresses the effects of the conflict between migration dynamics and the dynamics of border enforcement. The study focuses on the flow of Central American migrants heading to the United States. This flow follows a system of borders formed by a buffer zone throughout Mexican territory and a strip of land erected as a high-tech rampart on the southern border of the United States. Across this immense space, the border has created margins that migrants try to circumvent by entering an underground economy structured around the abuse on clandestine migrants in transit. The analysis of the migratory system of a village in Guatemalan highlands shows how the migration flow persists, despite the border, through the action in network of migrants. The comparison of about thirty experiences of men and women in clandestine movements reveals that the border affects the various actors in specific ways, depending on their gender as well as their social, economic and mobility resources. Migrants experience the border as a space of adversity to which they must constantly adapt to, by assuming it integrally, in order to be able to continue their journey to the place they imagine northward. This work, based on field investigations conducted between 2005 and 20012 during different stages of the migratory process (e.g. in places of origin, transit and destination) seeks to illustrate how a migration flow and its actors react to a contemporary system of borders.

Cette thèse porte sur la presse clandestine au Liban, celle qui – non autorisée par l’État–fut publiée et véhiculée par les partis politiques belligérants durant la guerre au Libanentre 1975 et 1982.Elle étudie dans son ensemble la nature d’une sélection significative, non exhaustive,des publications les plus représentatives de cette époque, ses messages, pour aboutirà la compréhension du public et des moyens de distribution de ces écrits.Travail de première main, cette étude se base sur une recherche d’archives, qui seraplus tard approfondie par l’analyse de contenu, du langage, et de la sémiologiequand la publication le permet. Ainsi, nous repasserons en vue les périodiquesFalastine Assawra, Al Qaeda, Al Marouni, Loubnan et Sawt El Hakika pour mieuxsonder les points de vue sur les sujets traités ainsi que la façon de faire selon lavision de chacun.Ainsi, nous avons affaire à des instruments qui témoignent d’une étape cruciale etfondamentale dans l’évolution de la presse libanaise, notamment celle qui s’occupeessentiellement des zones de crise et des manifestations les plus humaines de laliberté de penser.On en conclura que la guerre est aussi bien médiatique qu’armée quand il s’agit d’unaffrontement d’idéologies, et que dans un pays multi confessionnel comme le Liban,l’histoire est non seulement un point de vue, mais une lutte de construction d'imagequi va plus loin que les faits. Michel Foucault le dit bien : "on a beau dire ce que l'onvoit, ce que l'on voit ne tient pas dans ce que l'on dit". / This thesis focuses on the underground press, or what is known as the clandestine press inLebanon, that was published and promoted by the belligerant political parties during thewar in Lebanon between 1975 and 1982. Noteworthy, these publications were notauthorized by the Lebanese authorities at that time.It analyses the nature of a significant selection of 5 of the most representative publicationsof that period, along with their messages, their readers and their different means ofdistribution.As a first study of its kind, this research is based on archival documents, which contect waslater handled with depth, thus analysing the language and the semiotics when thepublication permitted so. Accordingly, we chose to reflect the views of Falastine Assawra,Al Qaeda, Al Marouni, Loubnan and Sawt Al Hakika, examining the direction of thecommunication in each.Noteworthy, this reseatch deals with instruments that reflect a fundamental and crucialstep in the evolution of the Lebanese press. It is essentialy a means of communication usedduring times of crisis, serving political propaganda, sometimes agendas. Nevertheless,these publication a manifestation of the freedom of speech.We conclude that war is made with both arms and media, especially when it involves aclash of ideologies. It also teaches us tha in a multi- confessional country like Lebanon,history is not only a point of view, but also a clash for image-building that goes beyondfacts. Michel Foucault said it quite well: "we may say what you see, what we see does notalways stand out in what we say."