Esta dissertação aproxima o livro Fluxo-floema, 1970, de Hilda Hilst (1930-2004), e as obras relacionais de Lygia Clark (1920-1988). Contemporâneas, apesar de não estabelecerem diálogo explícito em vida, as poéticas dessas artistas tangenciam temas comuns à arte da segunda metade do século XX. A despeito de se expressarem em linguagens diferentes, elas tematizam em sua obra literária ou plástica o desejo da comunicação e da alteridade como topos recorrente e privilegiado, a ponto de tal questão deslocar-se para rupturas formais que colocam em xeque a materialidade de seus códigos as palavras e as imagens e os limites de suas gramáticas a narrativa e a pintura. Além disso, Hilda Hilst experimenta o desenho e Lygia Clark se aventura em textos poéticos, memórias e cartas, o que permite uma leitura transversal das artistas. Ao comparar o gesto criativo de ambas, pode-se ver na escritora a plasticidade sugerida pela artista, ou ainda, ler na artista as palavras evocadas pela escritora. / This research brings closer the book Fluxo-floema, 1970, by Brazilian writer Hilda Hilst (1930-2004) to the relational objects by Brazilian artist Lygia Clark (1920-1988). Despite there is no evidence that they have established a dialogue in life, their contemporary poetics affect themes shared with the art from the second half of 20th century. In their literary and plastic works, Hilst and Clark, respectively, express the wish of alterity and communication as privileged topics. Such issues disrupt the form and even challenge the materiality of the adopted codes words and images and the boarders of their system of rules that is, the narrative and the painting. Moreover, Hilst experiments with drawing and Clark experiences adventures with poetic texts, memories and letters, which allows us a transversal reading of their oeuvres. The comparison of their creative gestures allows us to see in the writer the plasticity suggested by the artist and to read in the artist the words evoked by the writer.

Esta dissertação aproxima o livro Fluxo-floema, 1970, de Hilda Hilst (1930-2004), e as obras relacionais de Lygia Clark (1920-1988). Contemporâneas, apesar de não estabelecerem diálogo explícito em vida, as poéticas dessas artistas tangenciam temas comuns à arte da segunda metade do século XX. A despeito de se expressarem em linguagens diferentes, elas tematizam em sua obra literária ou plástica o desejo da comunicação e da alteridade como topos recorrente e privilegiado, a ponto de tal questão deslocar-se para rupturas formais que colocam em xeque a materialidade de seus códigos as palavras e as imagens e os limites de suas gramáticas a narrativa e a pintura. Além disso, Hilda Hilst experimenta o desenho e Lygia Clark se aventura em textos poéticos, memórias e cartas, o que permite uma leitura transversal das artistas. Ao comparar o gesto criativo de ambas, pode-se ver na escritora a plasticidade sugerida pela artista, ou ainda, ler na artista as palavras evocadas pela escritora. / This research brings closer the book Fluxo-floema, 1970, by Brazilian writer Hilda Hilst (1930-2004) to the relational objects by Brazilian artist Lygia Clark (1920-1988). Despite there is no evidence that they have established a dialogue in life, their contemporary poetics affect themes shared with the art from the second half of 20th century. In their literary and plastic works, Hilst and Clark, respectively, express the wish of alterity and communication as privileged topics. Such issues disrupt the form and even challenge the materiality of the adopted codes words and images and the boarders of their system of rules that is, the narrative and the painting. Moreover, Hilst experiments with drawing and Clark experiences adventures with poetic texts, memories and letters, which allows us a transversal reading of their oeuvres. The comparison of their creative gestures allows us to see in the writer the plasticity suggested by the artist and to read in the artist the words evoked by the writer.

Realizada a partir de métodos e suportes diversificados, a produção de Gordon Matta-Clark desponta como um exemplo significativo no desenvolvimento da arte, sobretudo a partir da década de 1960/70 (momento caracterizado pela ampliação da atuação e direcionamento das pesquisas estéticas contemporâneas). Distante dos limites definidos pela prática artística institucional, o artista dedicou-se a investigar novas e inusuais formas de atuação, articulando processo e apropriação como estratégias de intervenção. Tensionando composição material e temporal do objeto/espaço, Matta-Clark expõe a relação entre constituição material e comportamento. Usando o edificado como matéria prima, lida com a dimensão discursiva do espaço evidenciando a imprescindível relação existente entre arquitetura, contexto e urbano. Das experimentações materiais e destaque do contexto social em Garbage Wall (1970); alteração da percepção sobre objeto arquitetônico e seu contexto em Splitting (1974); ao questionamento da limitada atuação do público frente à transformação urbana de Conical Intersect (1975); Matta-Clark opera em uma área de transição, mobilizando reflexões sobre estruturas (materiais, discursivas e simbólicas) fundamentais para a definição dos espaços e sociedade de seu tempo. Frente à atualidade e relevância de Gordon Matta-Clark, a presente dissertação propõe um estudo sobre sua a trajetória, partindo da relação entre esta e os campos da Arte e Arquitetura. / Made from diverse methods and supports, Matta-Clarks production emerges as a significant example in the development of contemporary art, especially since the 1960s and 1970s (moment characterized by the amplification of the activity and direction of contemporary aesthetic researches). Far from the limits defined by institutional artistic practice, the artist devoted himself to investigate new and unusual forms of action, articulating process and appropriation as intervention strategies. Tensioning the material and temporal composition of the object/space, Matta-Clark exposes the relation between material constitution and behavior. Using built as raw material, deals with the discursive dimension of space highlighting the essential relationship between architecture, context and the urban. From the material experiments and emphasis of the social context in Garbage Wall (1970); alteration of the perception about architectural object and its context in Splitting (1974); to the questioning of the limited action of the public in face of the urban transformation of Conical Intersect (1975); Matta- Clark operates in a transition area, mobilizing reflections about the structures (material, discursive and symbolic) fundamental for the definition of spaces and society of his time. In the view of the present and relevance of Gordon Matta- Clark, this dissertation proposes a study about his trajectory, starting from the relation between it and the fields of Art and Architecture.

The purpose of this dissertation was to examine the institutional history of Clark Wissler's professional career as an anthropologist and to determine his influence upon American social science in this context. By focusing on specific historical contexts in which Wissler affected social science research in America, the study attempted to show the extent of Wissler's influence and impact on the development of social science. As well, the study considered and offered an explanation of how Wissler became a relatively obscure figure in the history of American anthropology after a period of considerable impact on the discipline. Primary data for this study were several pieces of correspondence and personal papers in the collection of "Wissler Papers" at the Department of Anthropology, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana.This study revealed that Clark Wissler occupied a unique position among American social scientists. That position Was unique in terms of Wissler's activities in a strictly institutional context as "Curator" of the American Museum of Natural History's Department of Anthropology; but more so, the position at the museum (one of the regional centers of American anthropology until the Second World War) led directly and indirectly to Wissler's influence upon social science research through ancillary positions with research foundations and institutes during the formative years of modern social science. What the study indicated, in this context, was that personal relationships often influenced ties between individuals in an institutional framework. Also, in the development of anthropology as an academic discipline in America, the more extensive that one's institutional network was -- in terms of personal and/or institutional ties, the more impact one had on ideological constructs and research trends.Furthermore, the study indicated that the extent and duration (from one generation of students to another) of a figure's impact on a discipline was dependent upon three factors -- politics, polemics, and progeny -- which were postulated as critical determinants of influence. That is, the study suggested and posited that influential figures in American anthropology were determined in a three-fold context: those one patronizes and is patronized by (politics); those trend-setters and organization officials that one agrees with and/or is thought of in association with (polemics); and those one proselytizes and converts to one's frame of reference, and thusly, who become disciples (progeny). All three contexts are in terms of personal relations that develop into institutional structures and functions, and thereby, determine one's influence and stature in an academic discipline.Thus, the study concluded that: 1) more than "ideas" are involved in the history of a social science discipline, namely anthropology; 2) Wissler, with an extensive institutional network but virtually no "progeny," was very influential among social scientists during his professional career, but he became a forgotten figure within twenty years of his death; 3) influence, in terms of historical "facts," must be determined in a. situational context that does not remove personalities and concrete personal relations from a holistic view of a specific cultural milieu.Extensive appendices to the dissertation provide primary data for further study in the history of anthropology, as well as support for contentions in the dissertation. As such, the dissertation, in itself, serves as a basis for further research.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 291-300).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1998. / Typescript (photocopy). "December 1998." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 277-286). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1998. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 277-315). Also available on the Internet.

A arte expande territórios. Reorganiza as unidades; dissolve fronteiras; remaneja as barreiras; excede limites; reorienta percepções; traz à luz novas possibilidades. Ao longo de todo o século XX, a arte ocidental nos mostrou a necessidade de mudança. Mudança de um fazer; de um pensar; de um sentir; de um conceber. Decerto, relevando a imensa diversidade de produção tão fundamental para os adventos da modernidade e contemporaneidade artísticas, tivemos um consenso não de propostas, mas de desejos, que entreviam e apontavam para uma arte capaz de se aproximar mais da vida. Assim, notamos trabalhos que ofertavam mais do que uma experiência contemplativa. Traziam à tona estratégias de ação e produção muito interessadas em despojar a vida das amarras de um domínio ao nível da subjetividade. Assim, procuraremos uma maior reflexão sobre a arte que ao se liberar dos sentidos prévios de um fazer institucionalizado, ambiciona atingir a vida, deliberando experiências e vivências capazes de convocar os antigos espectadores para uma atuação de maior protagonismo nas experiências, abrindo-se para a intromissão de um desejo capaz de reorientar os decursos da vida. Desta forma, resgataremos Lygia Clark e Artur Barrio como dois importantes artistas responsáveis por uma produção ambiciosa em construir novas possibilidades, reverberando-se para além do universo da arte. Em Lygia, nos atentaremos para suas linhas e corpos. Em Barrio, para os seus quatro principais devires / The art extends territories. Reorganizes units; dissolves boundaries; reestablish barriers; exceeds limits; reorients perceptions; brings to light new possibilities. Throughout the twentieth century, Western art revealed the need for change. Change of a making; a thinking; a feeling; a conceiving. Certainly, by highlighting the diversity of production so important to the advents of modern and contemporary art, there was a consensus not of proposals, but from desires, which presented and pointed to an art closer to life. Thus, we perceive works that showed more than a contemplative experience. They brought to the fore action strategies and production very interested in divesting life from bonds from a domain at the level of subjectivity. Thus, we will seek further reflection on the art that by releasing the senses to a previous institutionalized, aims to reach life, by providing experiences able to convoke the "old" viewers to a performance of bigger role in the experiences, opening up to the intrusion of a desire to reconduct the lifes processes. Therefore, we will redeem Lygia Clark and Artur Barrio as two important artists responsible for an ambitious production in building "new possibilities", by reverberating beyond the world of art. In Clark, we will analyze their lines and bodies. In Barrio, we will analyze their four main becomings.

A arte expande territórios. Reorganiza as unidades; dissolve fronteiras; remaneja as barreiras; excede limites; reorienta percepções; traz à luz novas possibilidades. Ao longo de todo o século XX, a arte ocidental nos mostrou a necessidade de mudança. Mudança de um fazer; de um pensar; de um sentir; de um conceber. Decerto, relevando a imensa diversidade de produção tão fundamental para os adventos da modernidade e contemporaneidade artísticas, tivemos um consenso não de propostas, mas de desejos, que entreviam e apontavam para uma arte capaz de se aproximar mais da vida. Assim, notamos trabalhos que ofertavam mais do que uma experiência contemplativa. Traziam à tona estratégias de ação e produção muito interessadas em despojar a vida das amarras de um domínio ao nível da subjetividade. Assim, procuraremos uma maior reflexão sobre a arte que ao se liberar dos sentidos prévios de um fazer institucionalizado, ambiciona atingir a vida, deliberando experiências e vivências capazes de convocar os antigos espectadores para uma atuação de maior protagonismo nas experiências, abrindo-se para a intromissão de um desejo capaz de reorientar os decursos da vida. Desta forma, resgataremos Lygia Clark e Artur Barrio como dois importantes artistas responsáveis por uma produção ambiciosa em construir novas possibilidades, reverberando-se para além do universo da arte. Em Lygia, nos atentaremos para suas linhas e corpos. Em Barrio, para os seus quatro principais devires / The art extends territories. Reorganizes units; dissolves boundaries; reestablish barriers; exceeds limits; reorients perceptions; brings to light new possibilities. Throughout the twentieth century, Western art revealed the need for change. Change of a making; a thinking; a feeling; a conceiving. Certainly, by highlighting the diversity of production so important to the advents of modern and contemporary art, there was a consensus not of proposals, but from desires, which presented and pointed to an art closer to life. Thus, we perceive works that showed more than a contemplative experience. They brought to the fore action strategies and production very interested in divesting life from bonds from a domain at the level of subjectivity. Thus, we will seek further reflection on the art that by releasing the senses to a previous institutionalized, aims to reach life, by providing experiences able to convoke the "old" viewers to a performance of bigger role in the experiences, opening up to the intrusion of a desire to reconduct the lifes processes. Therefore, we will redeem Lygia Clark and Artur Barrio as two important artists responsible for an ambitious production in building "new possibilities", by reverberating beyond the world of art. In Clark, we will analyze their lines and bodies. In Barrio, we will analyze their four main becomings.

Typescript (photocopy).