O comportamento de liderança do treinador pode maximizar a performance do atleta ou até prejudicá-la, considerando os pontos de vista técnico e interpessoal. Uma das escalas mais utilizadas para avaliar comportamento de liderança é a LSS, proposta por Chelladurai e Saleh (1980). Porém, os estudos realizados com esta escala não exploraram as subdimensões intrínsecas destes comportamentos, além disso, verifica-se uma carência de escalas elaboradas no contexto brasileiro que considerem as idiossincrasias culturais e que avaliem, precisamente, e de forma independente, suas dimensões. Os objetivos da tese foram: propor e testar a validade de um novo instrumento de medida de liderança do treinador no contexto esportivo brasileiro, baseado no Modelo Multidimensional de Liderança no Esporte, identificando em cada uma das escalas de medida, da bateria que avalia o comportamento de liderança no esporte, a sua estrutura subjacente e qualidades psicométricas. Participaram do estudo 572 atletas, masculino = 410; feminino = 162, com idades variando de 13 a 35 anos ( = 15,79±3,17 anos), praticantes de modalidades individuais e coletivas. Dois instrumentos foram utilizados: um questionário Bio-Sócio-Demográfico e o segundo instrumento referente ao Comportamento de Liderança do Treinador, no qual cada dimensão foi composta por 10 itens formulados positivamente e com uma escala de concordância do tipo Likert, compreendida em 5 pontos, iniciando em “discordo fortemente” (1) até “concordo fortemente” (5). Cinco estudos foram conduzidos, testando separadamente cada dimensão: (1) treino e instrução, (2) comportamento democrático, (3) comportamento autocrático, (4) suporte social e (5) feedback positivo, no sentido de identificar quantos e quais são os fatores intrínsecos ou latentes em cada dimensão, verificando, também a adequação do modelo desenvolvido, inerente à escala de medida da dimensão aos dados disponíveis. Por fim, avaliou-se a confiabilidade dos resultados pelas medidas de precisão de cada uma das dimensões, em cada escala de medida. Os procedimentos estatísticos foram baseados em análises fatoriais exploratórias, confirmatória e modelagens de equação estrutural exploratória, assim como, cálculos de consistência interna, sendo todas as análises realizadas com base em matrizes policóricas. De modo geral, os resultados da bateria de testes para avaliar o comportamento de liderança do treinador evidenciaram variâncias explicativas das dimensões entre 35% e 57,12%, com índices de ajustamento absoluto, parcimonioso, comparativo e de correção considerados satisfatórios, demonstrando que os dados disponíveis se ajustam adequadamente aos modelos hipotéticos dos construtos avaliados. Os valores das medidas de precisão avaliadas foram satisfatórios, revelando que os itens em cada dimensão são consistentes entre si, representando uma medida precisa e de coerência interna do construto e de sua dimensão. Conclui-se o modelo de equação estrutural testado confirma, satisfatoriamente, a existência de cinco dimensões, com dois fatores de segunda ordem, consistentes e precisos na medida explicativa do Comportamento de Liderança do Treinador. / Coach's leadership behaviour can maximize the athlete's performance or even harm her, considering the technical and interpersonal viewpoints. One of the most widely used scales to evaluate leadership behaviour is LSS, proposed by Chelladurai and Saleh (1980). However, studies conducted with this scale have not explored the intrinsic subdimensions of these behaviors, in addition, there is a shortage of scales drawn up in the Brazilian context that consider our cultural idiosyncrasies and that they evaluate precisely and independently of their dimensions. The goals of the thesis were: propose and test the validity of a new trainer measurement instrument in the Brazilian sporting context, based on the multidimensional model of leadership in the sport, identifying in each of the measurement scales, the battery that evaluates leadership behavior in the sport, its underlying structure and psychometric qualities. Participated in the study 572 athletes, male = 410; Female = 162, with ages ranging from 13 to 35 years ( = 15,79±3,17), practitioners of individual and collective modalities. Two instruments were used: a bio-socio-demographic questionnaire and the second instrument for coach's leadership behaviour, in which each dimension was composed of 10 positively formulated items and with an agreement scale of type Likert, comprised of 5 points, starting "strongly disagree" (1) up to "strongly agree" (5). Five studies were conducted, testing separately each dimension: (1) training and instruction, (2) democratic behaviour, (3) autocratic behaviour, (4) social support and (5) positive feedback, in order to identify how many and what are intrinsic or latent factors in each dimension, checking, also the adequacy of the developed model, inherent to the scale of measurement of the dimension to the available data. Finally, the reliability of the results was evaluated by the precision measurements of each of the dimensions, on each measurement scale. The statistical procedures were based on exploratory factorials analyses, confirmatory and modelling structural equations, as well as internal consistency calculations, all analyses conducted based on policóricas matrices. Overall, the results of the test battery to evaluate the leadership behaviour of the trainer demonstrated the variances of the dimensions between 35% and 57.12%, with absolute, thrifty, compared and correction indices considered fairly satisfactory, demonstrating that the available data fits appropriately to the hypothetical models of the evaluated constructs. The values of the measured precision measurements were satisfactory, revealing that the items in each dimension are consistent with each other, representing an accurate measurement and internal coherence of the construct and its dimension. It is concluded that the model of structural equation tested satisfactorily confirms the existence of five dimensions, with two second-order factors, consistent and precise in the explanatory measure of the trainer's leadership behaviour.

Diploma thesis title: Basic Game Skills and Drills Issues for Youth Football at Age 6-8 Diploma thesis object: The object of the diploma thesis is to analyse game skills drills and the coach influence on natural progress of youth players at the age of 6-8. Diploma thesis methods: To achieve the results of my thesis I am going to use three methods. Firstly I am going to collect the data from examined professional literature. Secondly I am directly going to follow the particular training units, which will be recorded and evaluated in final result part of the thesis. Finally after following the training units I am going to interview every single coach. Diploma thesis results: All the results of the thesis are based on training units of three coaches and the interviews with them. The best results were achieved by the coach Peter who has been using the methods recorded in the professional literature. Key words: Football, youth, coach, game skills

This diploma thesis deals with the issue of education with emphasis on the coaching of employees in the consulting company. Its purpose is to map this system. To accomplish the goal, SWOT analysis is used to evaluate its strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats. thesis is divided into 3 parts, namely the theoretical, methodical and practical. The theoretical part defines basic concepts related to corporate education and coaching. The methodical part details the aims of this work and the methods used in the research. The practical part is focused on the analysis of the current state of education in the company XY with an emphasis on coaching.

Accidents involving passenger trains happen regularly in India. The reasons for such accidents could be many; such as weather and flooding, faulty tracks, bridge collapse, collisions caused by signaling errors, mechanical failures, driver error, sabotage etc. The annual accident-related deaths as a percentage of the total number of passengers carried by Indian Railway may seem to be negligible, but the aim should be to achieve zero fatality as every single person killed is an irreplaceable loss to his/her family. It needs to be mentioned that in addition to fatalities for which exact numbers are not available, serious injuries and permanent disabilities caused by train accidents in India at present stand completely unaccounted for. In the absence of a large scale renovation and crash avoidance measures coupled with the propensity to increase the number of trains every year, enhancing passive safety is crucial i.e. crashworthiness and occupant safety of passenger coaches of Indian trains. In the current work, crashworthiness and occupant safety of the existing typical three-tier cabin passenger coach of Indian Railway in an event of collision accident are assessed with the aid of a finite element analysis. In the light of the published work on research in railroad equipment crashworthiness, the current work is intended to envisage the methodology to assess the Indian Railway passenger coach from the point of view of the crashworthiness and occupant safety using CAE (Computer aided engineering) based approach. It is involved with an extensive study of the structural crush behavior of an individual passenger coach car and its effect on the interaction between occupants and the coach interior. Here the structural crush behavior of a typical three-tier cabin passenger coach is evaluated for the head-on impact against a fixed and rigid barrier. The occupant response for the same scenario is also studied which can be viewed as a component of the actual occupant response due to the structural crush behavior of the passenger coach. This can give useful estimates of injury severity and fatalities that may occur in actual accidents. An FE model of the passenger coach structure was built and validated using International Railway Union (UIC) specified code OR 567-design requirements in terms of static loads constituting structural proof cases. These proof cases specify the static load values the coach body structure should withstand without any permanent deformation or failure when applied at the specified locations on the structural ends across the longitudinal axis. In addition, a favorable correlation between the simulation and actual experiment for drop impact behavior of the open section specimens, namely C-section and I-section, was obtained to validate the simulation methodology. LS-DYNA a nonlinear dynamic explicit FE solver was used to carry out all the dynamic impact simulations involved in the current work. The material modeling takes into account the strain rate effect which is essential for the material impact behavior study. The contact modeling was done using penalty contact method. The degrading effect of the buffer on the structural crush patterns which induced the undesirable global bending and jackknifing of the whole coach structure was demonstrated with the help of dynamic impact simulations of the coach structure. The quantification of occupant injury was done by occupant safety simulations using the Hybrid III 50th percentile male dummy FE model. The dummy having been designed for simulating automobile accident scenarios, its contacts had to be adapted to suit the excessive mobility conditions in the coach interior. The dummy was revalidated successfully for the head drop test, pendulum chest impact test, neck flexion and extension test and knee impact test. Impact simulations for three different speeds were performed by positioning the dummy close to the impact point. Injury criteria such as Head Injury Criterion, Chest Deceleration, Knee force level and Neck extension-flexion moments were used to estimate the injury severity level and fatality rate.

To date, most of the research on group cohesion has focused on team sports, with little known about how this body of knowledge relates to individual sports. The case of the male French whitewater slalom canoe and kayak team was chosen because of the success of the team at World Championships and Olympic Games. The purpose of the present case study was to investigate how the coaches and athletes of this highly successful team worked together in training and competition within a highly competitive environment. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with six athletes and four coaches. Three themes, each containing numerous sub-themes, emerged from the analysis: (a) the nature of collaboration within the team environment, (b) coach leadership, and (c) the fragility of collaboration. The results of the present study have advanced our understanding of what collaboration within an individual sport team may look like. For a period of time, the leadership skills of the coaches, as well as their technical coaching expertise, and the willingness of the talented and driven athletes to work together, contributed significantly to a collaborative environment for this team. Then a change in the Olympic entry rules, the departure of an influential coach, and the inevitable change in the ages and experiences of the athletes themselves all combined to erode the foundation of that productive and collaborative environment.

The purpose of this research is to explore the context of youth recreational soccer, and to examine how coaches volunteering in this context learn to coach soccer. Framed within Jarvis’ (2006, 2007, 2008, 2009) theory of lifelong learning and employing a mixed-methods approach, this dissertation research had two distinct phases. Phase One involved the collection of data via an on-line survey from 433 recreational youth soccer coaches from Eastern Ontario. The survey served to collect demographic information, as well as general information about their team, their role as a recreational coach, and their approach to learning. The data analysis for the on-line surveys was comprised of an analysis of descriptive statistics. Phase Two involved semi-structured interviews. Recruited through their participation in Phase One, 30 coaches were purposefully targeted and interviewed based on their varied biographies, experiences, and social contexts. Additionally, seven soccer administrators were interviewed. Interview data was analyzed according to the principles of thematic analysis (Braun & Clark, 2006). Findings examine the biographies of youth recreational coaches, their coaching context, how recreational coaches learn to coach, issues of shared responsibilities related to learning, as well as practical implications. It is suggested that recreational coaches differ from one-another on many factors, and that the context of recreational youth soccer is similarly diverse and presents unique challenges to coaches. Recreational youth coaches learn to coach through a variety of sources; mostly through informal learning situations. Responsibilities surrounding coach development fall on the shoulders of individual coaches and clubs, as well as regional, provincial, and national associations; and suggestions for increased engagement in this regard are provided.

The purpose of this doctoral dissertation was twofold: (a) to explore how communities of practice (CoPs) can be designed, implemented, assessed, and sustained in sport settings, and (b) to examine the value that is created by participating in a community of practice using Wenger, Trayner, and De Laat’s (2011) value creation framework. Two studies were conducted. In Study One, a sport coach CoP was collaboratively designed, implemented, and assessed in a youth soccer organisation. Data generation included two individual interviews with each co-researcher, observations from CoP gatherings, and communications via an online discussion platform. Findings indicated that the co-researchers created value within each of the five cycles of value creation outlined in Wenger and colleagues’ framework. The co-researchers created value that was personally relevant to their coaching needs, which led to an increase in perceived coaching abilities. The co-researchers also gained new perspectives, such as the importance of social learning, and a broader view of athlete development. Study Two examined the value that was created in five CoPs nested in the university sport setting and how they were sustained. One interview was conducted with each participant (10 coaches and two administrators). The findings revealed that the coaches created value in each of the five cycles of the value creation framework. They learned a variety of strategies, some of which they implemented in their coaching practice. As a result, the coaches noticed an improvement in their coaching abilities and their athletes’ outcomes. The coaches also gained new perspectives, and reframed their views concerning their personal development and that of their athletes. For example, the coaches realised the importance of focusing on their own well-being. They also realised the importance of learning through social interactions, and developed a broader view of athlete development. The findings from both Study One and Study Two illustrate that CoPs in sport settings are practical and pragmatic, and that they have a positive impact on coaches’ development and on their coaching practices.

The problem of this study was to determine the professional preparation, playing experience, and involvement in professional organizations of secondary school coaches in Northeast Texas. This information was presented in such a manner that comparisons might be made with recommendations for certification of high school coaches by the American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation. The findings of the study seem to warrant several basic conclusions. Degree requirements, playing experience, and professional activities of the coaches appeared adequate. The coaches' professional preparation in physical education seemed inadequate according to the recommendations for certification.

The efficacy of leadership coaching to improve leader and organizational outcomes cannot be overstated. However, a thorough understanding of some of the inputs and process variables involved in coaching has not been empirically established to date. To address this issue in the leader development and coaching literature, I examined the characteristics of the coaches and the coachees and their relationships with two relational variables potentially involved in coaching relationships (i.e., leader-member exchange and trust). The importance of leadership to work outcomes and leader development is highlighted, followed by a discussion of the specific leader development technique of coaching. The discussion then moves to the relational variables of interest involved in coaching, namely leader-member exchange (LMX) and trust, drawing from research on team and leadership phenomena. Specific inputs (e.g., coach and coachee characteristics) and their impacts on the relationships of interest are discussed. This work focuses on hypotheses in three streams of research: characteristics of coaches and coachees, LMX, and trust. The findings from this research indicate that a coach's experience, specifically operationalized as the activities he or she has experience in, positively predicts LMX, and self-efficacy positively predicts LMX and trust in the coaching relationships. The theoretical and practical implications of this project are noted.

Title: Technical maturity of a kickbox representative Objectives: The main goal of this thesis is to determine the level of technical maturity of each adult kickbox representative, whether it is dedicated to semi-contact or full-contact disciplines. Another objective is to compare three views on the technical maturity of each representative, according to the representative himself and two state coaches. Then to compare representatives of semi-contact disciplines with representatives of full-contact disciplines in selected techniques of strikes and kicks. In conclusion, it will be ascertained how men and women see their technical maturity. Methods: In my thesis I used a method of analysis and the comparison method. I applied the analysis method in analyzing and describing the individual technical preparation of each representative. Information about the technical maturity was obtained on the basis of a questionnaire. I used the comparison method in the comparison of the representative himself and the opinions of the two state coaches. Then I used it in comparison of representatives of semi-contact disciplines and representatives of full-contact disciplines in techniques of strikes and kicks. Finally, by the same method, it will be found how men and women see their technical maturity. Results: - In...