En nationell idrottsutbildning finns för de idrottare som vill kombinera sin idrott på elitnivå med sina gymnasiestudier (Svensk idrott, 2016). Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka elevers tankar, känslor samt upplevelser av att studera på ett elitidrottsgymnasium både generellt och under skadeperioder. Studien ville också undersöka om det fanns behov av extra stöttning i form av en coach främst under deras skadeperioder. För insamling av data har kvalitativa intervjuer gjorts med åtta elever från ett NIU- gymnasium med inriktning fotboll. Observationer har även använts i studien där direkta, deltagande observationer pågått två gånger i veckan, tre timmar per tillfälle under en månads tid. Observationerna fungerade som ett komplement till intervjuerna. Resultatet visade att eleverna hade väldigt fullspäckade dagar där det var svårt att hinna med fritidsintressen och studier då träningen prioriterades i första hand. Resultatet visade även att majoriteten hade velat ha mer stöd under deras rehabiliteringsperiod då det många gånger har varit väldigt tufft för vissa av dem att klara av det själv. Samtliga intervjupersoner menade även att en extra coach skulle vara fördelaktigt då denne skulle skapa en större motivation till rehabiliteringen och även vara någon att prata med vid sidan av. / The national sports school is a program for the athletes who wants to combine elite sports with their education (Svensk idrott, 2016). The purpose of this study was to investigate the students’ thoughts, emotions and experiences of studying at this program, both generally and during periodes of rehabilitation. The study also want to investigate if there is a need of extra support from a coach primarily during times of rehabilitation. Qualitative interviews with students from a NIU focused on football has been made for collecting data. Both direct and participatory observations went on twice a week, three hours at a time during a month and have been used in the study. These observations worked as a complement to the interviews. The result showed that the students had very full days where it was difficult to find time for hobbies and schoolworks. Training was priority over school partly because it was more fun but also there was no energy left for studying when time was available. The result did also show that the majority of students would have liked more support during their rehabilitation period, as many times it was really tough to handle by themselves. All of the interviewees did suggest that an extra coach would be beneficial as this would create more motivation for rehabilitation and also be someone on the side to talk to.

American football sport-related injuries have negatively affected millions of high school students' quality of life. Although there are studies about types, conditions, and psychological effects of injuries, a gap remained in the literature that involved injury prevention from the head coach's perspective. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to fill this gap by exploring how head coaches perceive their role and responsibility in reducing sport-related injury occurrences. Sabatier and Weible's advocacy coalition, Diener and Dweck's achievement goal theory, and Fishbein and Ajzen's theory of reasoned action framed this study. The research questions focused on the lived experiences from high school American football head coaches that will advance effective policy to reduce sport-related injuries. Criterion sampling was used to select 12 head coaches who received the NFL High School Coach of the Year award. Semi structured interviews were analyzed and interpreted according to Moustakas' data analysis methods. Key findings revealed there is an absence of national sport health and safety policy and support for high school American football head coaches as principal contributors and advocates for advancing effective policy to reduce sport-related injury occurrences. Recommendations from the research participants include implementation of standard policies by all state athletic associations to adopt minimum coach qualifications, injury and emergency protocols, and the presence of an athletic trainer/medical personnel at all sport activities. The implications for social change target advancing national policy focused on coach training, development, and monitoring processes for all high schools throughout the United States to support making American football safer.

Att leva strikt hälsosamt och att unna sig frestelser är två faktorer som det ofta talas om i dagens samhälle och fysisk aktivitet på fritiden har blivit viktigare då våra arbeten blir alltmer stillasittande. Frågan är dock vilken inverkan fysisk aktivitet har på hälsan när träningen genomförs som ett kompenserande beteende. Syfte: Huvudsyftet med studien är att baserat på en tolkning av coachers upplevelser av Compensatory health beliefs (CHB) skapa en vidare förståelse för fenomenet och vilken påverkan coacher kan ha på fysiskt aktiva individers CHB. Delsyftet är att lyfta fram lämpliga pedagogiska insatser som coacher utifrån sin förståelse för CHB föreslår kan bidra till en hälsosam syn på kost och träning. Metod: Föreliggande studie har en kvalitativ metodansats där intervjuer användes som datainsamling. Insamlingsmaterialet bestod av sju transkriberade intervjuer med coacher inom fysisk aktivitet. Det empiriska materialet sammanställdes till olika teman och analyserades genom en meningsanalys.  Resultat: CHB var synligt hos de fysiskt aktiva främst genom uttalad synd. En påverkan skedde från coacher till klient där outtalade krav uppfattades som negativa medan genomtänkt feedback från coacherna i huvudsak upplevdes som positivt. Lärande synliggjordes även från klient till coach genom en ökad förståelse för vikten av individanpassad coaching. För att arbeta aktivt med CHB upplevdes utbildning och kunskap hos såväl coacher som klienter som särskilt viktiga faktorer. Slutsats: En uppfattning har skapats att CHB kan ha negativ inverkan på hälsan, och det behövs mer forskning för att förstå vilken påverkan CHB har på beteendeförändringar. Coacher med hög kunskapsnivå upplevs ha positiv påverkan på klienten. / To live strictly healthy and to indulge in temptations are two factors that are often spoken about in today's society and physical activity in leisure time has become more important since our work is becoming increasingly sedentary. The question is, however, what impact physical activity have on health when it is implemented as a compensatory behavior.Aim: The main aim of the study is to, based on an interpretation of coaches experiences of Compensatory health beliefs (CHB), create a further understanding of the phenomenon and what influence coaches may have on the CHB of physical active individuals. The subsidiary aim is to highlight the appropriate educational interventions that coaches, based on their understanding of CHB, proposes can contribute to a healthy approach to diet and exercise. Method: The present study has a qualitative method where interviews were used as data collection. The gathered material consisted of seven transcribed interviews with coaches in physical activity. The empirical material was interpreted and compiled into themes through a meaning categorization. Results: CHB was visible in the physically active primarily by expressed sin. An impact occurred from the coaches to the client where non expressed demands were perceived as negative, while thoughtful feedback from the coaches were generally perceived as positive. Learning was also made visible from the client to the coach through an increased understanding of the importance of individualized coaching. To work actively with CHB, training and knowledge amongst both coaches and clients were percieved as key factors. Conclusion: A perception has been created that CHB may have negative impact on health, and more research is needed to understand the impact that CHB has on behavioral changes. Coaches with a high level of knowledge is perceived to have a positive impact on the client.

Bakgrund: ”Målstyrning tydliggör ställda krav, medger en riktig och effektiv resursanvändning, ger ett bättre verksamhetsresultat, ger alla anställda möjlighet att påverka sitt eget arbete, ger större ansvar åt den enskilde, skapar utrymme för anställdas kreativitet, initiativförmåga och delaktighet, höjer trivseln och förbättrar arbetsmiljön” (Svensson, 1993:21). Att döma av Svenssons ord framstår målstyrning som lösningen på företagsvärldens alla problem. Fairhurst (1996:11) som skriver om nyretorikens framing (inramning), drar i sin forskning slutsatsen att retorisk medvetenhet ökar sannolikheten för att nå mål. Men hur går det till i praktiken? Syfte: Vi vill med denna studie öka förståelsen för ledares styrning mot uppställda mål utifrån ett retoriskt perspektiv. Vår ingång för att skapa den här förståelsen är en flerfallstudie där vi följer två fotbollstränares medvetna och omedvetna framing i deras praktiska arbete, på match såväl träning. Metod: Kvalitativ flerfallstudie, med insamlad empiri utifrån icke-deltagande observationer samt semi-strukturerade intervjuer med spelare, tränare och ordföranden i två klubbar: Östers IF (Superettan) och Moheda IF (division 3). Slutsats: Ur ett nyretoriskt perspektiv försöker våra tränare se på världen utifrån sina spelares ögon och anpassar sin framing därefter. Prigoda undviker till exempel termen ”hänga kvar” (i division 3) och Björknesjö talar om att de ”bygger” (som i en process), eftersom båda är väl medvetna om vilka signaler de sänder ut. Ingen av dem är dock helt konsekventa i sin framing, vilket kan få oönskade effekter på sikt. / Background: Research of management by objectives (MBO) tells us of many different causes in failed goal-settings. MacLeod (2012:70) writes that goals need to be reasonable and Latham (2004:127) emphasizes the importance of goal-commitment. Fairhurst (1996:11) concludes that conscious framing can assist the leader in increasing the likelihood of achieving goals. But how does it work in practice? Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to increase the understanding of how leaders are working toward goals, from a rhetorical perspective. Method: We have conducted observations and interviews with players and officials in two Swedish football clubs: Östers IF (Superettan) and Moheda IF (division 3).  Conclusion: The coaches consciously choose words in goal setting according to how they are interpreted by the players. Prigoda is framing by avoiding terms like ”hang in” (to remain in their league) and Björknesjö primes himself and the players that they are still ”building” (as in a process). Both leaders are however inconsistent in their framing, which in the long term could lead to unwanted effects.

Submitted by Mario Divo Motter Junior (mario.motter@fgvmail.br) on 2012-08-08T00:49:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 A dimensão do sucesso em Coaching (APROVAÇÃO JUNHO-2012) Web.pdf: 1371113 bytes, checksum: 57298ab4d848485ccad359c23b40f155 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2012-08-21T20:23:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 A dimensão do sucesso em Coaching (APROVAÇÃO JUNHO-2012) Web.pdf: 1371113 bytes, checksum: 57298ab4d848485ccad359c23b40f155 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-08-23T20:11:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 A dimensão do sucesso em Coaching (APROVAÇÃO JUNHO-2012) Web.pdf: 1371113 bytes, checksum: 57298ab4d848485ccad359c23b40f155 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-24T11:42:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 A dimensão do sucesso em Coaching (APROVAÇÃO JUNHO-2012) Web.pdf: 1371113 bytes, checksum: 57298ab4d848485ccad359c23b40f155 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-26 / Nos últimos anos, a comunidade acadêmica e os profissionais interessados em Coaching mostram-se cada vez mais aplicados em avançar na correta interpretação das abordagens, dos paradigmas e dos caminhos que levam aos resultados esperados pelos clientes. Todos buscam entender como evitar situações indesejáveis e, ainda mais, quais os segredos para transformar aquele processo em uma intervenção bem sucedida. Multiplicam-se os estudos e as pesquisas; reformulam-se os modelos teóricos e empíricos que tentam explicar a essência do relacionamento entre quem orienta o processo (coach) e o seu cliente (coachee). Porém, nestes tempos modernos, a expectativa que mais frequentemente está presente é a de como alcançar o sucesso e avaliar os resultados. Existirá um modelo especial que possa responder a esses exigentes requisitos? Pesquisas divulgadas, no Brasil e exterior, reconhecem que diferenças culturais e sociais podem interferir no processo de Coaching. O que nos leva, já de início, a depender de uma conceituação, ou seja, como definir o 'sucesso em Coaching'. São restritos os estudos com ampla amostra para análise e escassos os trabalhos centrados no contexto brasileiro. Poucos estudos têm foco na avaliação de fatores e/ou de indicadores (por vezes, nominados critérios) presentes no 'sucesso em Coaching'. A nossa motivação foi a de encaminhar um estudo que é, ao mesmo tempo, empírico e exploratório, com a pretensão de enfrentar e, se possível, superar as limitações citadas. Idealizamos e conduzimos um trabalho que tem resultado validado sob a perspectiva estatística e adequado ao contexto brasileiro. O planejamento cercou-se de cuidados na obtenção de dados, parte deles utilizada para além das fronteiras desta dissertação, contribuindo com o acadêmico e o praticante interessado em Coaching. Ao final desta dissertação, temos a convicção de que teremos uma adequada resposta para a pergunta de pesquisa: no Brasil, como as pessoas que passaram pelo processo de Coaching explicam essa sua experiência e definem o que é alcançar o sucesso? / In recent years, the academic community and practitioners interested to better understand the Coaching as a human intervention are increasingly devoted to the correct interpretation of approaches, paradigms and paths leading to the expected results by the clients. All of them seek to understand how to avoid undesirable situations, and even more, how to transform the process into a successful intervention. We might see that studies and researches have been developed on Coaching, both theoretical or empirical, trying to explain the essence of the relationship between the person that drives the process (coach) and the client (coachee). However, the expectation that most often shows up is how to achieve success and also how to evaluate the results. Is there a unique model that meets those requirements? Some researches, published in Brazil and abroad, recognize that cultural and social differences might affect the process of Coaching. What brings us to depend on the conceptualization of how to define 'success in Coaching.' There are few studies processing large samples and, from them, quite no one focused on the Brazilian context. Besides, it is not common to find Brazilian researches focused to identify the success factors and/or indicators (criteria) that grant to the client the expected results. Our motivation is focused in developing an empirical and exploratory study intending to deal with and, if possible, to overcome those mentioned limitations. We designed and conducted a survey that generated interesting results, for the Brazilian scenario, under a statistically point-of-view. The research was planned to obtain a database to be used beyond the borders of this dissertation, contributing with the Coaching community, in the near future. At the end of this dissertation, we are convinced that our research question will be answered: in Brazil, how the people who have been coached explain the Coaching experience and define the success conceptualization?

Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med denna uppsats är att ta reda på hur föräldrars beteende upplevs av tränare inom barn och ungdomsfotboll, på vilka sätt tränare upplever att det påverkar dem och hur tränare tycker att idrottsrörelsen ska arbeta med att skapa bättre föräldrabeteenden. Nedan är frågorna som vi vill ha besvarade i denna uppsats. <ul type="disc">Hur påverkar föräldrarna tränarnas arbetssituation? Vilka strategier använder sig tränarna av för att bygga relationer med föräldrarna? Hur vill tränare att föräldrar ska bete sig? Metod Studiens ansats är kvalitativ med semistrukturerade intervjuer som datainsamlingsmetod. Med hjälp av en tematisk analys undersöktes fotbollstränarnas upplevelser av föräldrarnas beteenden. Målsättningen var att få svar på ovanstående frågeställningar och djupare förståelse för hur fotbollstränare upplever föräldrarnas beteenden varför vi anser att semistrukturerade intervjuer var det bäst lämpade tillvägagångssättet. Urvalsgruppen bestod av sju aktiva fotbollstränare i Stockholmsområdet med minst två års tränarerfarenhet i barn- och ungdomsfotboll. Resultat Resultatet visar att tränarna upplever att de flesta föräldrar hade tillit och förståelse för deras arbete och att de engagerade sig och hjälpte till mycket med sådant som underlättar och stödjer tränarnas arbete i form av skjuts, material och cuper. Vidare visar studien att det endast var några enstaka föräldrar som var oengagerade. Tränarna var eniga om att med tydlighet, längre framförhållning och god kommunikation så kunde man bygga bra relationer med föräldrarna. Slutsats Engagemanget varierade bland föräldrarna men i det stora hela var det av positiva uppslag. Resultatet visar att fotbollstränarna och föräldrarna kunde hamna i diskussioner om speltid, laguttagning och spelverksamhet och det upplevde tränarna som mindre önskvärt. Framgångsfaktorn för att upprätthålla bra relation med föräldrarna var genom att ha fler föräldramöten och träffar under säsongens gång. Det som tränarna önskade sig var pålitliga och stöttande föräldrar i både medgång och motgång.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka coacher och fysioterapeuters strategier för att hjälpa en skadad idrottare tillbaka till fullt idrottande. Ett underliggande syfte var att belysa samarbetet mellan coacher och fysioterapeuter under en idrottsskaderehabilitering. Tidigare forskning antyder att det sociala stödet och utbildning inom psykologiska strategier har positiv inverkan på en idrottares psykologiska välmående följt en skada. I studien genomfördes totalt sex semi-strukturerade intervjuer med tre coacher och tre fysioterapeuter med minst fem års erfarenhet av att coacha idrottsskadade utövare. Utifrån dessa intervjuer kunde fyra primära strategier urskiljas: (1) målsättning, (2) socialt stöd, (3) individanpassad rehabilitering och (4) individanpassat stöd. För det underliggande syftet kunde tre huvudkomponenter urskiljas: (1) kommunikation och etiska dilemman, (2) kunskap och (3) resurser. Konklusionen av denna studie är att de fyra primära strategierna kan användas i syfte av att göra rehabiliteringsprocessen i större grad självbestämmande för idrottare där coping fungerar som ett hjälpmedel att hantera motgångar i form av skador idrottare möter. Samarbetet mellan coacher och fysioterapeuter kunde ses ha en indirekt inverkan på en skadad idrottares rehabiliteringsprocess. Resurser påverkar hur kommunikationen och kunskapen ser ut runt idrottaren. Större resurser skapar en fördelaktig miljö i form av ett nära samarbete mellan coacher och fysioterapeuter med god kunskap kring coaching och rehabilitering vilket ger goda möjligheter för idrottaren att komma tillbaka till idrotten. / The purpose of this study was to identify strategies coaches and physiotherapists use to help an injured athlete back to full fitness. The purpose was also to highlight the cooperation between coaches and physiotherapists. Earlier research suggests social support and psychological strategies have a positive impact on an athlete’s psychological wellbeing after an injury and during the rehabilitation. It was conducted six semi structured interviews with three coaches and three physiotherapists. Findings suggest there are four primary strategies used: (1) goal setting, (2) social support, (3) individualised rehabilitation and (4) individualised support. Findings concerning the cooperation between coaches and physiotherapists had three key components: (1) communication and ethical dilemmas, (2) knowledge and (3) resources. This study suggest that the four primary strategies could be used in purpose of making sport injury rehabilitation more self-determined for the athlete, where copingstrategier works as a useful tool to help an injured athlete manage adversities. The cooperation between coaches and physiotherapists could by indirect means have an impact on an injured athletes rehabilitation process. Resources affect how the communication and knowledge appear surrounding the athlete. Greater resources lead to favourable conditions in the shape of close cooperation between coaches and physiotherapists with knowledge about coaching and rehabilitation which creates more opportunities for an athlete to get back to full fitness following a sports injury.

The main research objective of this thesis is to determine if, or how, the verbal communication of a youth football coach differs from the coaches at the club level of the regional competitions and republic competitions. The theoretical section of the thesis deals with coaching and communication. The first chapter describes the work of a football coach as an educator. The second chapter, focused on communication, further describes concepts such as verbal, pedagogical and effective communication. The empirical section presents the results of a quantitative survey. It has been shown that coaches' communica- tion with players varies significantly, for example, in the content of commands, remorse, vulgarism, or in frequency of shouting towards a player after his mistake. The frequency of occurrence of the above-mentioned communication features is higher for coaches at regional club level.

Bakgrund: Kvalitetsutveckling inom vården pågår i hela världen. Internationell forskning indikerar att förbättringscoacher kan vara en framgångsfaktor i förbättringsarbetet. Det är i dag oklart hur man kan utveckla interna coacher till att stödja kontinuerliga förbättringar. Studien utvärderar ett lokalt, tvärprofessionellt coachprogam inom vård och omsorg i ett geografiskt område i Sverige med en etablerad samverkanskultur. För att främja ökad kundcentrering ingick en pensionär i programmets planeringsgrupp. Deltagarna introducerades i grundläggande förbättringskunskap och i lösningsfokuserat arbetssätt som ett sätt att bättre kunna hantera komplexiteten i vård och omsorg. Programmet utformades med åtta gemensamma träffar under perioden mars till oktober 2011.   Syfte: Att identifiera faktorer i ett lokalt coachprogram som framstår som mest väsentliga för att medarbetare i vård och omsorg ska kunna gå in i rollen som förbättringscoacher. Metod: Studien är en observerande fallstudie med inslag av aktionsforskning och en induktiv kvalitativ ansats. Deltagare i studien var blivande coacher, pensionärer, planeringsgruppen och erfarna coacher. Sju semistrukturerade intervjuer med totalt 17 personer genomfördes, samt analys av lokala dokument och fyra enkäter. Data analyserades genom en manifest kvalitativ innehållsanalys och triangulering. Resultatet validerades av samtliga deltagare i studien. Resultat: Involvering av pensionärer ansågs vara en viktig faktor eftersom det förstärkte kundfokuseringen. Deltagarna i studien poängterade att kundfokus, ett lösningsfokuserat förhållningssätt, nätverk och systemförståelse var grundläggande för utvecklingen av coachrollen. Dessa faktorer bedömdes som viktigare än de specifika förbättringsverktygen. Diskussion: De mest väsentliga faktorerna kan delas in i det som uppmuntrade till idéer, vilja, görande och uthållighet. Pensionärsinvolveringen förstärkte kundfokuseringen, och det lösningsfokuserade arbetssättet framstod som ett bra komplement till de sedvanliga förbättringsverktygen. Det vore intressant att jämföra detta program med förbättringsprogram i andra kontexter. / Background: Internal improvement coaches can support quality improvement efforts. The study is about a local interprofessional coach training program in a region in Sweden with an established culture of collaboration. The program included participants from different health care disciplines and was organized over eight days between March and October 2011. A senior citizen was involved in faculty and participated during all training sessions. The participants were introduced to basic improvement knowledge and a solution focused approach.Purpose: To explore essential elements of a local coach training program and what appears to be crucial in moving into the role of being an improvement coach.Method: The study is a mix methods case study with elements of action research and an inductive qualitative approach. Participants in the study were prospective coaches, senior citizens, the program team, and experienced coaches. Data were collected through seven semi-structured group interview sessions with a total of 17 individuals, document analysis and 4 questionnaires. Data were analyzed using a manifest content analysis and triangulation. The results were validated by all participants in the study.Results: The data suggest that the involvement of a senior citizen was essential for strengthening customer focus. Participants in the study pointed out that customer focus, developing a value base, networking skills with a solution focused approach and systems thinking were fundamental to the development of the coaching role. These factors were assessed as more important than improvement tools.Discussion: The results can be divided into those which encouraged ideas, will, execution, and endurance. Senior citizen involvement enhanced customer focus and the solution-focused approach seems to be a valuable addition to the usual improvement tools. It would be interesting to compare this program with other improvement programs or in other contexts.

Aim The aim of this study was to examine current factors regarding strength and conditioning coaches at the collegiate level, furthermore to examine factors dependent on the level of sports. 1. What was the educational background of strength and conditioning coaches at the collegiate level? 2. What was the salary of strength and conditioning coaches at the collegiate level? 3. How much relevant work experience did strength and conditioning coaches have at the collegiate level? 4. What were the differences and similarities of strength and conditioning coaches’ factors dependent on collegiate division? Method The method was a cross-sectional study applying a survey to examine the study’s four previously mentioned issues. Coaches encompassing the inclusion criteria (e.g. seniority and professionalism) of the study were contacted for possible participation. The survey was sent to collegiate strength and conditioning coaches (n=225) whom were randomly chosen with equal amounts of potential samples from each division. The results were then analyzed using mode, mean, range and frequency. Results 82 surveys were completed and returned (36 %). Three surveys were ineligible, therefore 79 surveys were used to produce the results. A Master’s degree (67.09 %) and CSCS certification (81.01 %) were recognized as common attributes among collegiate strength and conditioning coaches. Salary and relevant experience answers were fairly spread throughout all divisions. Differences in certifications were found as the SCCC was cited in higher frequency among Division I coaches (52.63 %) than the two lower divisions (≤26.67 %). Conclusions Both a master’s degree within a relevant field and a CSCS certification can be regarded as fundamental attributes of collegiate strength and conditioning coaches. Work experience and CSCCa certifications may be efficient predictors for salary and involvement in elite versus non-elite environments. The study’s results will aid aspiring collegiate strength and conditioning coaches in career development as well as employers in hiring processes.