Bertioga possui todos os tipos de Unidades Geológicas-Geomorfológicas Quaternárias (UQs) que podem ser encontradas no restante do litoral paulista, encaixados em uma planície costeira de pequenas dimensões. Tendo em vista a escassez de trabalhos que integrem os atributos hidrológicos da paisagem, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a dinâmica hídrica atmosférica, subterrânea e superficial da Bacia do Rio Guaratuba, tendo como viés a distribuição espacial das UQs, a partir de uma série de monitoramento de 24 meses, entre julho/2009 e agosto/2011. Para tanto foram analisados os seguintes componentes hídricos: (a) atmosféricos - por meio da análise das distribuições de pluviosidade, temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, para a caracterização do balanço hídrico climático (BHC) da bacia; (b) subterrâneos, a partir da variabilidade do nível do lençol freático; (c) superficial por meio da análise morfométrica das UQs. Os resultados foram tratados à luz de análises sinóticas dos sistemas atuantes no período de monitoramento e das séries históricas (décadas de 1960 a 1990) de pluviosidade e temperatura. Foi identificada uma tendência positiva na distribuição das chuvas, da praia para a baixa encosta da Serra do Mar, caracterizando assim o efeito orográfico. Chamou a atenção à ocorrência de invernos bastante úmidos em 2009 e 2010, ao contrário de 2011 e das tendências da série histórica. Neste sentido, não se pode descartar a possibilidade de influência de fenômenos de mesoescala, como o ENOS (El Niño e Oscilação Sul). Entre 2009 e meados de 2010 atuou o El Niño, sucedido pela La Niña, desde junho/2010 até o presente momento (início do decaimento em maio/2011, segundo dados do INPE). Os índices registrados se assemelham aos do ano de 1990, quando também ocorreu elevado volume de chuva durante o inverno e atuava um El Niño de forte intensidade. A temperatura e a umidade relativa do ar variaram de modo mais marcante entre áreas naturais e antropizadas, embora tenham se apresentado relativamente elevadas durante todo o período de monitoramento, quando comparadas às médias para a região. O BHC normal (série histórica) apresentou déficit hídrico apenas em agosto, com todos os outros meses caracterizando excedentes hídricos. Já o BHC sequencial (período de monitoramento) alternou-se entre excedentes hídricos elevados e meses de déficit hídrico, como ocorreu em abril e maio/2010 e maio e junho/2011. Portanto, entre essas duas séries parece ter havido uma migração do período seco, de agosto para abril/junho. Na planície costeira os níveis de lençol freático (NA) mais profundos ocorrem nas UQs mais antigas e de topografia mais elevada (terraços marinhos e fluviais pleistocênicos), localizados salvo quando há interferência local do horizonte B espódico, que regula a profundidade do (NA) e pode torná-lo temporariamente mais elevado ou mesmo suspenso. Os mais rasos (aflorantes e subaflorantes) estão nas paleodepressões estuarinas-lagunares holocênicas a atuais, localizadas na porção central da bacia. A oscilação vertical do NA ao longo do tempo apresentou correlação positiva com a variação mensal do BHC sequencial, mostrando que o sistema está em relativo equilíbrio. / Bertioga has all kinds of Quaternary Geomorphological-Geological units (UQs) that can be found in the rest of the coast paulista, embedded in a small coastal plain. Given the paucity of studies that incorporate the attributes of the hydrological landscape, the aim of this study was to analyze the dynamics of atmospheric water, groundwater and surfacewater of the Guaratuba River Basin, with the bias of the spatial distribution UQs from a series of 24 month-monitoring between July/2009 and August/2011. Therefore, were analyzed the following hydrological components: (a) atmospheric - by analyzing the distribution of rainfall, temperature and relative humidity, to characterize the climatic water balance (BHC) basin, (b) underground, from variability of groundwater level, (c) surface by means of morphometric analysis of UQs. The results were treated in the light of analysis of the synoptic systems operating in the rainfall and temperature monitoring period and the time series (the 1960s to 1990s). It was identified a positive trend in the rainfall distribution, from the beach to the low slope of Serra do Mar, characterizing the orographic effect. Attention has been drawn to the occurrence of very wet winters in 2009 and 2010, unlike 2011 and the historical series trends. In this sense, one cannot rule out the influence of mesoscale phenomena such as ENSO (El Niño and Southern Oscillation). Between 2009 and mid-2010 El Niño has happened, followed by La Niña, from June/2010 to the current date (beginning of the decay in May/2011, according to data from INPE). The rates are similar to those from the year 1990, when high rainfall also occurred during the winter and El Niño happened. The temperature and relative humidity ranged from a more marked way between natural and disturbed areas, although they have been performing relatively high throughout the monitoring period, compared to the averages for the region. The BHC normal (series) had only water deficit in August, with every other month featuring over water. Since the BHC sequential (monitoring period) alternated between high water surpluses and months of drought, as occurred in April and May/2010 and May and June/2011. Therefore a migration of the dry period from August to April/ June seems to have happened between these two series. The deeper coastal plain groundwater levels (NA) occur in oldest and with highest topography (Pleistocene marine terraces and river) UQs, located except when there is local spodic B horizon interference, which regulates the depth of the (NA) and can make it higher or temporarily suspended. The shallowest ones (outcrop and under outcrop) are in the lagoon-estuarine paleodepressions the current Holocene, located in the central portion of the basin. The vertical oscillation of the NA over time was positively correlated with the monthly variation of BHC sequence, showing that the system is in relative balance.

Bertioga possui todos os tipos de Unidades Geológicas-Geomorfológicas Quaternárias (UQs) que podem ser encontradas no restante do litoral paulista, encaixados em uma planície costeira de pequenas dimensões. Tendo em vista a escassez de trabalhos que integrem os atributos hidrológicos da paisagem, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a dinâmica hídrica atmosférica, subterrânea e superficial da Bacia do Rio Guaratuba, tendo como viés a distribuição espacial das UQs, a partir de uma série de monitoramento de 24 meses, entre julho/2009 e agosto/2011. Para tanto foram analisados os seguintes componentes hídricos: (a) atmosféricos - por meio da análise das distribuições de pluviosidade, temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, para a caracterização do balanço hídrico climático (BHC) da bacia; (b) subterrâneos, a partir da variabilidade do nível do lençol freático; (c) superficial por meio da análise morfométrica das UQs. Os resultados foram tratados à luz de análises sinóticas dos sistemas atuantes no período de monitoramento e das séries históricas (décadas de 1960 a 1990) de pluviosidade e temperatura. Foi identificada uma tendência positiva na distribuição das chuvas, da praia para a baixa encosta da Serra do Mar, caracterizando assim o efeito orográfico. Chamou a atenção à ocorrência de invernos bastante úmidos em 2009 e 2010, ao contrário de 2011 e das tendências da série histórica. Neste sentido, não se pode descartar a possibilidade de influência de fenômenos de mesoescala, como o ENOS (El Niño e Oscilação Sul). Entre 2009 e meados de 2010 atuou o El Niño, sucedido pela La Niña, desde junho/2010 até o presente momento (início do decaimento em maio/2011, segundo dados do INPE). Os índices registrados se assemelham aos do ano de 1990, quando também ocorreu elevado volume de chuva durante o inverno e atuava um El Niño de forte intensidade. A temperatura e a umidade relativa do ar variaram de modo mais marcante entre áreas naturais e antropizadas, embora tenham se apresentado relativamente elevadas durante todo o período de monitoramento, quando comparadas às médias para a região. O BHC normal (série histórica) apresentou déficit hídrico apenas em agosto, com todos os outros meses caracterizando excedentes hídricos. Já o BHC sequencial (período de monitoramento) alternou-se entre excedentes hídricos elevados e meses de déficit hídrico, como ocorreu em abril e maio/2010 e maio e junho/2011. Portanto, entre essas duas séries parece ter havido uma migração do período seco, de agosto para abril/junho. Na planície costeira os níveis de lençol freático (NA) mais profundos ocorrem nas UQs mais antigas e de topografia mais elevada (terraços marinhos e fluviais pleistocênicos), localizados salvo quando há interferência local do horizonte B espódico, que regula a profundidade do (NA) e pode torná-lo temporariamente mais elevado ou mesmo suspenso. Os mais rasos (aflorantes e subaflorantes) estão nas paleodepressões estuarinas-lagunares holocênicas a atuais, localizadas na porção central da bacia. A oscilação vertical do NA ao longo do tempo apresentou correlação positiva com a variação mensal do BHC sequencial, mostrando que o sistema está em relativo equilíbrio. / Bertioga has all kinds of Quaternary Geomorphological-Geological units (UQs) that can be found in the rest of the coast paulista, embedded in a small coastal plain. Given the paucity of studies that incorporate the attributes of the hydrological landscape, the aim of this study was to analyze the dynamics of atmospheric water, groundwater and surfacewater of the Guaratuba River Basin, with the bias of the spatial distribution UQs from a series of 24 month-monitoring between July/2009 and August/2011. Therefore, were analyzed the following hydrological components: (a) atmospheric - by analyzing the distribution of rainfall, temperature and relative humidity, to characterize the climatic water balance (BHC) basin, (b) underground, from variability of groundwater level, (c) surface by means of morphometric analysis of UQs. The results were treated in the light of analysis of the synoptic systems operating in the rainfall and temperature monitoring period and the time series (the 1960s to 1990s). It was identified a positive trend in the rainfall distribution, from the beach to the low slope of Serra do Mar, characterizing the orographic effect. Attention has been drawn to the occurrence of very wet winters in 2009 and 2010, unlike 2011 and the historical series trends. In this sense, one cannot rule out the influence of mesoscale phenomena such as ENSO (El Niño and Southern Oscillation). Between 2009 and mid-2010 El Niño has happened, followed by La Niña, from June/2010 to the current date (beginning of the decay in May/2011, according to data from INPE). The rates are similar to those from the year 1990, when high rainfall also occurred during the winter and El Niño happened. The temperature and relative humidity ranged from a more marked way between natural and disturbed areas, although they have been performing relatively high throughout the monitoring period, compared to the averages for the region. The BHC normal (series) had only water deficit in August, with every other month featuring over water. Since the BHC sequential (monitoring period) alternated between high water surpluses and months of drought, as occurred in April and May/2010 and May and June/2011. Therefore a migration of the dry period from August to April/ June seems to have happened between these two series. The deeper coastal plain groundwater levels (NA) occur in oldest and with highest topography (Pleistocene marine terraces and river) UQs, located except when there is local spodic B horizon interference, which regulates the depth of the (NA) and can make it higher or temporarily suspended. The shallowest ones (outcrop and under outcrop) are in the lagoon-estuarine paleodepressions the current Holocene, located in the central portion of the basin. The vertical oscillation of the NA over time was positively correlated with the monthly variation of BHC sequence, showing that the system is in relative balance.

<p>Coastal plain ponds are an understudied and threatened wetland ecosystem with many unique environmental attributes. Research in these ponds can investigate species-environment relationships, while simultaneously providing ecosystem-specific information crucial to their continued conservation and management. This dissertation explores patterns in coastal plain pond vegetation composition and species-environment relationships across space, through time, and in the seed bank and standing vegetation.</p><p>In a two-year field study at 18 coastal plain ponds across the island of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, I investigated species-environment relationships within and among ponds. I identified vegetation species presences and abundances within 1 m2 quadrats, which ran continuously along transects established perpendicular to the water's edge. Species data were analyzed against local and landscape-scale environmental data. I also conducted a one-year seed bank study in which sediments from four coastal plain ponds were incubated in growth chambers and composition was compared to the standing vegetation. One hundred and thirty-four plant species were identified during vegetation sampling and 38 species were identified from incubated sediments.</p><p>I found significant compositional change across space in response to environmental gradients, with patterns in species composition occurring at both local and landscape scales. Elevation was the only local factor strongly correlated with species composition. Significant landscape-scale environmental factors included surficial geology and pond water salinity. Species composition was significantly correlated with hydrologic regime in 2005 but not in 2006. Overall patterns in vegetation species composition and abundance were more closely related to landscape-scale environmental variables than to local environmental variables. </p><p>I also found that coastal plain ponds undergo significant compositional change from one year to the next. Interannual variability disproportionately affected certain ponds and quadrats more than others, highlighting patterns in the relationships between compositional change and environmental attributes. Specifically, ephemeral ponds, ponds located on the moraine, ponds with high specific conductance values, and quadrats located closer to the waterline exhibited greater compositional change from 2005 to 2006 than permanent ponds, ponds located on the outwash plain, ponds with low specific conductance values, and quadrats located further from the waterline. </p><p>Finally, I found that coastal plain ponds exhibit a low degree of similarity between composition in sediments and standing vegetation. More species were identified in the standing vegetation than in the seed bank, and in most cases average species richness per quadrat was higher in the standing vegetation than in the seed bank. Seed bank and standing vegetation samples from ponds with different surficial geology were compositionally distinct. Seed bank samples from permanent and ephemeral ponds were compositionally distinct whereas standing vegetation samples were not.</p> / Dissertation

Low-lying coastal plains comprised of unconsolidated infill are internally complex hydrogeological settings, due to the high level of heterogeneity in the infill material. In order to resolve the hydrogeological processes active in these complex settings, an integrated multi-disciplinary, geoscientific approach is required. This research determines quantitatively, the effects of sedimentary aquifer heterogeneity on groundwater flowpaths and groundwater processes within a heavily laterised, coastal plain setting. The study site is the Bells Creek catchment in southeast Queensland, Australia. The methodology developed in this study provides a new approach to enable the determination of groundwater flowpaths and groundwater processes at macroscale resolution within other shallow alluvial and coastal plain aquifers. The multi-disciplinary approach utilises sedimentological, geophysical, chronological and hydrogeological techniques (including hydrochemistry and groundwater flow modelling) to develop a high-resolution aquifer framework, and to determine accurately, both groundwater flowpaths and relative flow rates. Sedimentary framework is confirmed to be the principal factor controlling the distribution of aquifer permeability pathways in any given setting, and is therefore, the dominant control over groundwater flow and processes. For the Bells Creek catchment, interpretation of stratigraphic and sedimentary data allowed the compilation of a detailed sedimentary framework. This interpretation demonstrated that weathering of the low-lying arkose sandstone bedrock has developed thick lateritic profiles. Within the weathering profiles, cemented, iron-rich horizons have resisted erosion and developed raised and elongated ridges in the modern landscape, while other clay-rich weathered layers have submitted to erosion and downgraded around those iron-rich ridges. Consequently, alluvial deposition throughout the Late Quaternary has been restricted to narrow, and relatively deep valleys containing sandrich channels, and thin floodplains at shallow depth. From a hydrogeological perspective, there is significant macroscopic aquifer heterogeneity between fine-grained lateritic mixed clay layers, floodplain clays, ironcemented ferricrete horizons, and permeable sand-rich alluvial aquifers. This variability of aquifer material has created a complex subsurface arrangement of permeability pathways. Application of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) in this setting enabled accurate definition of alluvial channel boundaries and the high degree of connectedness within the channels themselves. Interpretation of a comprehensive GPR dataset (that covered the entire catchment) allowed refinement of the sedimentary framework previously established to develop a detailed threedimensional aquifer framework. Finite-difference groundwater modelling and particle tracking analysis (using MODFLOW and MODPATH) has clearly demonstrated that the macroscopic heterogeneity within the various aquifer materials of the plain has marked impacts on groundwater pathways, and especially groundwater travel times. The variability between a maximum residence time of 18 months for groundwater within the alluvium, compared to hundreds of years for groundwater within the mixed clay layers of the laterite, clearly demonstrates the importance of accurately defining the spatial distribution of the various aquifer materials in a groundwater flow investigation. In this setting, the interconnection of the narrow alluvial channels feeding into a deeper alluvial delta has provided an effective conduit for shallow groundwater flow. The role of the alluvial delta in discharging the bulk of fresh groundwater from the central plain into the coastal and estuarine aquifers to the east, is certainly critical in preventing saline intrusion from encroaching further west. Hydrochemical and isotopic indicators have identified the dominant recharge processes and groundwater flowpaths within the plain, and indicated that the processes are strongly related to sub-surface permeability distributions determined in the aquifer framework (and groundwater modelling), as well as seasonal fluctuations in rainfall. In the northwest of the plain, sandstone hills provide a delayed and slightly mineralized component of groundwater recharge into adjacent highly permeable, unconfined alluvial aquifers; these aquifers also recharge directly via precipitation. Aluminosilicate weathering in the bedrock hills and eastern peripheries of the laterised bedrock are a source of excess Na, SiO2, and HCO3 to the alluvial groundwater. As this groundwater flows down-gradient to the east, however, its chemical composition evolves by sulfate reduction, silica equilibrium and ion exchange processes into a more mature Na-Cl type. Within the shallow coastal aquifers proximal to the eastern shoreline, sulfate enrichment is occurring (associated with increases in Ca, HCO3, Fe and Al) resulting in major deterioration in groundwater quality. The deterioration is produced by saline intrusion from the adjacent estuary coupled with oxidation of sulfide materials in shallow marine and estuarine clays. Reverses in salinity in those coastal aquifers have been correlated with surges in fresh recharge waters from unconfined coastal dunes and semi-confined landward alluvium, following significant rainfall events. The multi-disciplinary methodology developed, provides an effective approach for accurately defining the three-dimensional distribution of shallow aquifer material of varying permeability via detailed stratigraphic interpretation and GPR analysis. Utilising this aquifer framework, finite-difference groundwater modelling aided by hydrogeological data and hydrochemical analysis, allows accurate determination of groundwater flowpaths and groundwater processes. This research provides a new hydrogeological analogue for alluvial channel aquifers within a laterised coastal plain setting. Key Words: groundwater flow, aquifer heterogeneity, numerical modelling, hydrochemistry, recharge, ground penetrating radar, coastal plain aquifers, weathering, alluvial channels.

South Africa has a few unique and understudied areas of interest regarding wetlands, of which the Maputaland Coastal Plain (MCP) is one. This is regarded as a large gap in scientific knowledge, especially since firstly, the MCP is regarded as a unique area in terms of biodiversity, geology, social history, and ecosystem variety; and secondly, wetlands are a vulnerable, and yet a greatly important ecosystem type in South Africa. Additionally the wetlands on the aeolian derived sandy soils associated with the MCP are problematic to delineate. Although the wetland delineation guideline of DWAF (2005) gives a list of criteria to aid the delineation process on sandy coastal aquifers, this has never been scientifically reviewed. The aim of this study was to investigate how vegetation and soil properties vary down the topographical slope in various wetland types on the MCP. This was done in order to contribute to the knowledge base and understanding of wetlands in this area, as well as to determine whether differences between zones are significant enough to be used as indicators of wetland boundaries. Soil colour was investigated as a possible new delineation indicator. A section is also devoted to commentary on the current wetland delineation procedure on the MCP. This study shows that wetland types on the MCP are very distinct from each other, and therefore broad statements about the soil and vegetation characteristics of wetlands are discouraged. Three substrate types namely high organic-, duplex-, and sandy substrates dominate wetlands on the MCP. These play a major influential role in the general characteristics and function of the wetland types. Contrary to popular belief, redoximorphic accumulation and -depletions do occur on the MCP, but are often inconsistent in their presence. Chemical soil properties were found not to be good indicators of wetland boundaries on the MCP, although certain patterns can be discerned and applied to determine wetland conditions. The main drivers of wetland vegetation are the wetness- and productivity gradients. A few prominent indicator species can be used for the identification of wetland and non-wetland sites specifically on the MCP. Additionally, a relatively underutilised vegetation assessment procedure called Weighted Averaging was investigated, and can in most cases effectively discern between wetland and non-wetland conditions. This is a useful tool to apply in delineation practices in addition to other indicators. Soil colour can be used to successfully indicate wetland boundaries, and therefore be used as an additional wetland indicator. However, the method requires further testing and refinement for different wetland types. In general the vegetation and soil indicators do not correlate perfectly, and therefore delineation by means of one indicator only is greatly discouraged. An investigation of recommended delineation procedures for the MCP shows that new information on the understanding of wetlands in sandy coastal aquifers urgently needs to be disseminated. Approaches such as that of the USDA-NRCS where regionally specific guidelines are designed to be adapted regularly as new information becomes available, as well as the development of sets of hydric indicators specific to problematic areas, are recommended / College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences / D. Phil. (Environmental Science)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-07-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:28:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sato_ca_me_rcla.pdf: 2755946 bytes, checksum: c82ecfb5deaeade4ccb7f56cf032cd1e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho abrangeu o Litoral do Estado de São Paulo, desde Ubatuba - litoral norte à Cananéia - litoral sul. Teve por objetivo correlacionar diferentes fisionomias da floresta de restinga com os parâmetros físicos, químicos e salinidade do solo e análises químicas de alumínio, macro e micronutrientes de espécies arbóreas. A amostragem do solo foi feita até 0,6m de profundidade, em camadas de 20cm e na profundidade até 0,2m a cada 5cm para as fitofisionomias alta e baixa. Para cada camada foram analisados ph, M.O., P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Al, H+Al, Na, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, m, SB, CTC e V, além da condutividade elétrica (CE), Relações de Adsorção de Sódio (RAS), Porcentagem de Sódio Trocável (PST), pH dos extratos de saturação e análises granulométricas. Foram coletadas oito folhas de cinco indivíduos por espécie para cada área de Pera glabrata, Andira fraxinifolia, Ilex theezans e Psidium cattleyanum, para análises químicas foliares (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn e Al). Os teores de areia, silte e argila não diferiram entre as áreas estudadas, sendo que a argila obteve teores iguais ou inferiores a 4% e a areia superiores a 90%. Independentemente dos processos geológicos, os solos de restinga são semelhantes entre si quanto à sua fertilidade. Os solos apresentaram elevada acidez, com o pH variando de 3,5 a 4,0. Na floresta alta, a matéria orgânica do solo obteve teores maiores, chegando a 4,5% nos primeiros 5cm, sendo que nos 10 cm superficiais concentraram-se 67% da MOS. As camadas superficiais foram mais representativas para ambas as fitofisionomias. A CTC na superfície do solo também foi mais elevada, tendo a camada de 0-5cm um valor de 89,3 mmolc dm-3 para a fitofisionomia alta. A saturação por bases (V%) variou de 10 a 20%, sendo baixa para todas as profundidades e fitofisionomias. Portanto, os solos de restinga são distróficos... / This work was carried out in the São Paulo State coast, since northern coast of Ubatuba until the south coast of Cananéia. The aim of this research was to correlate different physiognomies of the sand coastal plain vegetation - restinga forest - with the soil characteristics (texture, nutritional contents and salinity) and foliage analysis of native tree species. The soil samples were collected from low and high restinga forest physiognomies until 0,6m depth in each 20cm layers and until 0,2m depth in each 5cm layers. For each layer it was analyzed the organic matter, pH, P, Na, K, Ca, Mg, S, H + Al, Al, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, aluminum contents, base saturation, cation exchange capacity, electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, exchangeable sodium percentage and pH of the saturation extracts. For the foliage analyses (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn e Al), the species elected were Pera glabrata, Andira fraxinifolia, Ilex theezans and Psidium cattleyanum. It was collected eight leaves from five trees of the each specie, in each site. The levels of sand, clay and silt did not differ between the sites and the physiognomies. The clay obtained values low or equal 4% and the sand obtained rates above 90%. Independently of the geologic process, the soil fertility of the restinga forest is similar for all sites and physiognomies. The soil showed elevated acidity with the pH varying between 3,5 and 4,0. In the high physiognomy the organic matter presented major values than in the low physiognomy, with 4,5% in the superficial horizon (0-5cm), and in the first 10cm concentrated 67% of MOS. The superficial horizons were more representative than others depths in both physiognomies. The cation exchange capacity in the soil surface was higher than in other depths. The horizon 0-5cm of the high physiognomy obtained 89,3 mmolc dm- 3. In all depths and physiognomies, the base saturation... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Na bacia do Arroio Chuí, localizada na região sul da Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul no município de Santa Vitória do Palmar, geralmente nas margens constituídas de barrancas, são encontrados grande quantidade de fósseis de mamíferos integrantes da megafauna pleistocênica. Os estudos até então realizados tinham escopo basicamente na identificação taxonômica dos fósseis e os aspectos biológicos e ecológicos dessa fauna. No presente trabalho, foi elaborado um banco de dados contendo informações relativas às assembleias fossilíferas do Arroio Chuí, tafonomia e a distribuição espacial no sistema de coordenadas da superfície verdadeira terrestre, em um ambiente de Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG). A base de dados foi elaborada a partir do acervo analisado do museu Coronel Tancredo Fernandes de Mello, gerando tabelas de dados contendo informações sobre o material fossilifero, georreferenciando os sítios contendo fósseis e desenvolvendo análises estatísticas. A localização precisa das ocorrências de fósseis permitiu a observação de sua distribuição espacial, o que constituiu uma ferramenta na avaliação paleogeográfica da região e permitiu gerar subsídios que auxiliaram para colaborar na compreensão da evolução geológica da porção sul da planície costeira. / In the Chuí Creek basin, located in the southern Coastal Plain of Rio Grande do Sul state, in the Santa Vitoria do Palmar county, usually in the banks, great number of fossils of mammals of the Pleistocene megafauna is found. The studies developed so far focused on the taxonomic identification and biological and ecological aspects of this fauna. In the present work a database containing informations regarding the fossil assemblages of Chuí Creek, taphonomy and spatial distribution in the true Earth surface coordinate system, was elaborated in a Geograpgic Information System (SIG) environment. The database was elaborated from the collection of Coronel Tancredo Fernandes de Mello museum, producing data tables with informations regarding the fossil material, georeferencing the fossil sites and generating statistical analyses. The precise location of the fossils showed their spatial distribution, which turned out to be a tool for evaluate the regional paleogeography and aided to understand the geological evolution of the southern portion of the coastal plain.

O presente trabalho trata da anÃlise dos impactos na dinÃmica costeira decorrentes da implantaÃÃo de parques eÃlicos no municÃpio de Trairi-CE. Embora a energia eÃlica seja considerada uma fonte energÃtica que nÃo gere resÃduos, a instalaÃÃo daqueles empreendimentos desencadeia significativas transformaÃÃes paisagÃsticas que podem comprometer a estrutura e funcionamento das paisagens onde tais atividades sÃo desenvolvidas. Esta situaÃÃo ganha maior significado quando os parques eÃlicos sÃo instalados nos ambientes frÃgeis da planÃcie costeira, fato que compromete o discurso de energia limpa em questÃo. A anÃlise geoambiental (TRICART, 1977; SOUZA, 2003; ROSS, 2006; MEIRELES, 2006, 2008, 2011; SOUZA et al, 2009) e a discussÃo jurÃdica de meio ambiente relacionadas aos aspectos do potencial eÃlico brasileiro, da avaliaÃÃo de impactos ambientais e do licenciamento ambiental, constituem a base teÃrica essencial ao desenvolvimento do trabalho. A partir da identificaÃÃo e anÃlise dos impactos ambientais decorrentes da implantaÃÃo dos parques eÃlicos, foi constatado que a grande maioria ocorre sobre o campo de dunas mÃveis. Isto ocorre devido sua significativa morfologia frente aos corredores de captaÃÃo de ventos da zona costeira. No entanto, tanto estes ambientes quanto os demais que compÃem os sistemas litorÃneos sÃo extremamente frÃgeis e desempenham papel de fundamental importÃncia no fluxo sedimentar da planÃcie litorÃnea. Diante das observaÃÃes dos parques eÃlicos instalados ou em processo de construÃÃo na presente Ãrea de estudo, constatou-se que todas as Ãreas ocupadas pelas estruturas internas daqueles empreendimentos sÃo diretamente ou indiretamente degradadas devido à alteraÃÃo da morfologia e fisionomia das unidades geoambientais, tendo como efeitos mais marcantes: desmatamento e soterramento das dunas fixas, fixaÃÃo artificial e/ou compactaÃÃo de dunas, impactos na hidrografia superficial e subterrÃnea e soterramento de lagoas interdunares. Dentro do que foi exposto, sugere-se a implantaÃÃo de uma polÃtica de planejamento participativo que envolva o monitoramento e o controle socioambiental de empreendimentos potencialmente degradantes da planÃcie litorÃnea de Trairi, de modo a minimizar os efeitos adversos de suas instalaÃÃes. / This work deals with impact analysis on coastal dynamics resulting from the implementation of wind farms in the municipality of Trairi-CE. Though wind power is considered an energy source that does not generate waste, the installation from those businesses triggers significant landscape changes that can compromise the structure and functioning of landscapes where such activities are developed. This situation takes on greater significance when wind farms are installed in fragile environments of the coastal plain, a fact that undermines the power clean speech in question. The geoenvironmental analysis (TRICART, 1977; SOUZA, 2003; ROSS, 2006; MEIRELES, 2006, 2008, 2011; SOUZA et al, 2009) and the legal discussion of environment related at the aspects of the Brazilian wind potential, environmental impact assessment and environmental licensing, constitute the essential theoretical basis for the development of this work. Based on the identification and analysis of environmental impacts resulting from the implementation of wind farms, it was found that the majority occur on the field of mobile dunes. This is due to its significant morphology front to wind capturing aisles in the coastal zone. However, both these environments as the others that make up the coastal systems are extremely fragile and play fundamental role in sediment flow of the coastal plain. Given the observations of installed wind farms or under construction ones in this area of study, it was found that all the areas occupied by the internal structures of those undertakings are directly or indirectly degraded due to the change of morphology and physiognomy of geoenvironmental units, with the effects more striking: deforestation and burial of fixed dunes, artificial fixing and/or compression dunes, impacts on surface and groundwater hydrology and burial of inter-dune ponds. Within the foregoing, it is suggested the implementation of a participatory planning policy that involves monitoring and environmental control of potentially degrading enterprises of the coastal plain of Trairi, in order to minimize the adverse effects of its facilities.

O presente estudo foi desenvolvido nas planícies costeiras do Itaguaré e do Guaratuba localizadas no município de Bertioga (litoral central do Estado de São Paulo) e teve como objetivo descrever e comparar aspectos florísticos e estruturais das tipologias florestais que ocorrem em diferentes associações com depósitos sedimentares e solos. Foram inventariados 12 florestas: a) Floresta baixa de Restinga sobre cordões litorâneos holocênicos amostrada na planícies costeiras do Guaratuba (FbR/G); b) Floresta baixa de Restinga sobre cordões litorâneos holocênicos presente na planícies costeiras do Itaguaré (FbR/I), c) Floresta alta de Restinga sobre cordões litorâneos holocênicos (FaR1/G), d) Floresta alta de Restinga sobre terraços marinhos holocênicos presente na planícies costeiras do Guaratuba (FaR2/G); e) Floresta alta de Restinga sobre terraços marinhos holocênicos presente na planícies costeiras do Itaguaré (FaR2/I); f) Floresta alta de Restinga sobre terraços marinhos baixos pleistocênicos presente na planícies costeiras do Guaratuba; g) Floresta alta de restinga sobre terraços marinhos baixos pleistocênicos presente na planícies costeiras do Itaguaré (FaR3/I); h) Floresta alta de Restinga úmida sobre depressões estuarinas paleolagunares rasas holocênicas (FaRu) i) Floresta Paludosa sobre sobre depressões paleolagunares profundas holocênicas (FPa); j) Floresta Aluvial sobre terraços fluviais pleistocênicos (FAL), K) Floresta de transição Restinga- Encosta sobre depósitos mistos holocênicos a atuais (FTr1) e L) Floresta de transição Restinga- Encosta sobre depósitos de encostas pleistocênicos a atuais (FTr2). A amostragem foi realizada pelo método de parcelas, sendo incluídos todos os indivíduos com diâmetro a 1,3 m (DAP) 10cm. Na área inventariada, que totalizou 1,2 ha, foram encontradas 130 espécies e 42 famílias botânicas. Foram verificadas diferenças na riqueza e diversidade entre Florestas presentes sobre um mesmo substrato geológico situadas em planícies diferentes. FAL apresentou a maior riqueza e diversidade entre todas as florestas comparadas, A análise da similaridade florística entre as 12 áreas estudadas formou quatro grupos, levando em conta o tipo de substrato geológico e a distância geográfica. A espécie Ilex Theezans Mart. ex Reissek se destacou quanto ao valor de importância (VI) e a densidade relativa (DR) nas duas Florestas baixas de Restinga resultado esse que se repete em outros estudos no litoral de São Paulo, sendo uma espécie potencial para restauração dessa tipologia florestal no estado de São Paulo. Nas Florestas altas de Restinga, Eriotheca pentaphylla (Vell.) A. Robyns de destacou quanto ao VI e DR em quatro florestas (FaR1/G, FaR2/G, FaR3/G e FaR3/I) sendo uma espécie potencial para restauração dessa tipologia na região de estudo. Na FAL, Ocotea dispersa (Nees) Mez foi a espécie que apresentou maior VI, maior DR e maior Dominância relativa (DoR), sendo essa espécie típica da Floresta Ombrófila Densa das Encostas da Serra do Mar. Em SB-FTr1 e SB-FTr2 a espécie Eriotheca pentaphylla se destacou com maior VI, mas apresentou maiores DR e DoR apenas no SB-FTr2. No SB-FTr1 essa espécie apresentou apenas a maior DoR, uma vez que a maior DR foi obtida para Syagrus pseudococos (Raddi) Glassman. Tabebuia cassinoides (Lam.) DC aparece com maior VI e maior DR nas duas florestas sobre depressões estuarinas paleolagunares (FaRu e FPa). Florestas presentes sobre VII substratos continentais (FAL, FTr1 e FTr2) apresentaram maiores desenvolvimento em altura, fato esse provavelmente associado a condições pedológicas e ao nível do lençol freático. As florestas que ocorrem em substratos marinhos mais antigos (pleistoceno) apresentaram árvores mais desenvolvidas em tamanho do que as Florestas altas presentes nos substratos mais novos (holoceno). Os menores valores de correlação entre altura e DAP ocorreram nas Floresta baixa de Restinga, indicando um padrão mais horizontal de dispersão das alturas, onde o incremento em altura não acompanha o incremento em DAP. A análise de componentes principais (PCA) indicou quatro grupos de sub-biomas levando em consideração a variação nos parâmetros químicos dos solos. Todos as florestas apresentaram solos com elevada acidez. Maiores teores de matéria orgânica foram encontrados nas florestas sobre sedimentos continentais que preenchem as depressões estuarinas - paleolagunares, e os menores ocorreram nas florestas baixas de Restinga. Todas as áreas apresentam limitação quanto à fertilidade dos solos. / This work was done in the Guaratuba and Itaguare coast plains in Bertioga (central coast of São Paulo) and aimed to describe and compare the floristic diversity and phytosociological structure of forest types that occur in different associations with quaternary sediments and soil. A total of 12 forests were sampled: a) Restinga low Forest on Holocene beach ridges in the Guaratuba coast plains (FbR/G), b) Restinga low Forest on Holocene beach ridges in the Itaguaré coast plains (FbR/I), c) Restinga hight Forest on holocene beach ridges (FaR1/G), d) Restinga hight Forest on holocene marine terraces in the Guaratuba coast plains (FaR2/G), e) Restinga hight Forest on holocene marine terraces in the Itaguaré coast plains (FaR2/I), f) Restinga hight Forest on pleistocene marine terraces in the Guaratuba coast plains (FaR3/G); g) Restinga hight Forest on pleistocene marine terraces in the Itaguaré coast plains (FaR3/I), h) wet Restinga hight Forest on holocene estuarine - paleolagoonal shallow depression (FaRu), i) Paludal Forest on holocene paleolagoonal deep depression (FPa), j) Alluvial Forest on pleistocene fluvial terraces (FAL), k) Restinga Slope transition Forest on Holocene to recent Fluvial Deposits (FTr1) and l) Restinga Slope transition Forest on Pleistocene to recent slope deposits). For the sampling the plotting method was used, totaling 1,2 ha of sampled area, being included in the sampling all individuals with diameter at 1,3 m (D.B.H.) 5cm. In total were found 130 species and 42 families. Richness and diversity differences were observed in Forests present on the same geological substrate located in different plains. FAL had the greatest richness and diversity of all forest compared. The analysis of the floristic similarity among the 12 studied areas formed four groups, taking into account the type of geological substratum and geographical distance. The Ilex theezans Mart. ex Reissek stood out in importance value (IV) as well as the relative density (RD) in both Restinga low Forest, this result is repeated in other studies on the coast of São Paulo, being a species potential to restore this forest type in the state of São Paulo. In the Restinga hight Forests, Eriotheca pentaphylla (Vell.) A.Robyns had the highest IV and the greatest RD in four (FaR1/G, FaR2/G, FaR3/G e FaR3/I) of the five sampled areas, being a species potential to restore this forest type in the study region. In FAL Ocotea dispersa (Nees) Mez showed the highest values of IV, RD and relative dominance, indicating the influence of Ombrophylus Dense Forest present in the slopes of the Serra do Mar on the FAL. In the FTr1 and FTr2 Eriotheca pentaphylla stood out with the greatest IV, but it appears with the greatest RD and relative dominance only in the SB-FTr2. In SB-FTr1 this species has only the highest relative dominant being the highest DR for Syagrus pseudococos (Raddi) Glassman. Tabebuia cassinoides (Lam.) DC appears with the highest VI and DR in the two forest on the estuarine - paleolagoonal depression (FaRu and FPA). The biggest height development occurred in the forest on the continental sediments (FAL, FTr1 e FTr2), this fact was probably associated with soil conditions and groundwater level. The Restinga hight Forests that occur on older marine substrates had more developed trees in hight than the Restinga hight IX Forests that occur in the younger substrates. The lowest correlation value between height and DBH occurred in sub-biomes formed by the Restinga low Forest, indicating a more horizontal dispersion of the heights, where the increase in height does not follow the increase in DBH. The principal component analysis (PCA) indicated four groups of sub-biomes, taking into account the variation in chemical soil parameters. All forests showed soils with high acidity. Higher organic matter amounts were found in forests formed by estuarine - paleolagoon sediments (FaRu and FPa) and the lowest occurred in two Restinga low Forest. All areas have soils with low fertility.

Na bacia do Arroio Chuí, localizada na região sul da Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul no município de Santa Vitória do Palmar, geralmente nas margens constituídas de barrancas, são encontrados grande quantidade de fósseis de mamíferos integrantes da megafauna pleistocênica. Os estudos até então realizados tinham escopo basicamente na identificação taxonômica dos fósseis e os aspectos biológicos e ecológicos dessa fauna. No presente trabalho, foi elaborado um banco de dados contendo informações relativas às assembleias fossilíferas do Arroio Chuí, tafonomia e a distribuição espacial no sistema de coordenadas da superfície verdadeira terrestre, em um ambiente de Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG). A base de dados foi elaborada a partir do acervo analisado do museu Coronel Tancredo Fernandes de Mello, gerando tabelas de dados contendo informações sobre o material fossilifero, georreferenciando os sítios contendo fósseis e desenvolvendo análises estatísticas. A localização precisa das ocorrências de fósseis permitiu a observação de sua distribuição espacial, o que constituiu uma ferramenta na avaliação paleogeográfica da região e permitiu gerar subsídios que auxiliaram para colaborar na compreensão da evolução geológica da porção sul da planície costeira. / In the Chuí Creek basin, located in the southern Coastal Plain of Rio Grande do Sul state, in the Santa Vitoria do Palmar county, usually in the banks, great number of fossils of mammals of the Pleistocene megafauna is found. The studies developed so far focused on the taxonomic identification and biological and ecological aspects of this fauna. In the present work a database containing informations regarding the fossil assemblages of Chuí Creek, taphonomy and spatial distribution in the true Earth surface coordinate system, was elaborated in a Geograpgic Information System (SIG) environment. The database was elaborated from the collection of Coronel Tancredo Fernandes de Mello museum, producing data tables with informations regarding the fossil material, georeferencing the fossil sites and generating statistical analyses. The precise location of the fossils showed their spatial distribution, which turned out to be a tool for evaluate the regional paleogeography and aided to understand the geological evolution of the southern portion of the coastal plain.