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Det digitala våldet - en ny arena för våldsutövning? : En integrativ litterastudie om digitalt våld i ungas parrelationerJohansson, Stina, Norén, Maja January 2022 (has links)
I ungas vardagliga liv har digitala medier en central betydelse, vilket utgör en grund för en särskild sårbarhet att utsättas för digitalt våld. Syftet med denna integrativa litteraturstudie är att undersöka hur tidigare forskning beskriver digitalt våld i ungas parrelationer och dess konsekvenser. Studien baseras på 12 artiklar vilka presenteras utifrån en tematisk struktur följt av att resultatet analyseras med coercive control och strukturellt perspektiv som teoretisk ansats. Studiens huvudsakliga resultat visar att digitalt våld kan förstås som en effektivisering och förlängning av redan befintliga våldsformer. Ett utmärkande tema är de kontrollerande beteenden som ämnar att styra över sin partners liv på olika sätt med digitala medier som verktyg. Resultatet påvisar även att konsekvenserna av att utsättas för digitalt våld kan innebära fysiska och psykiska hälsoproblem, tillits- och intimitetsproblematik. / In young people's everyday life, technology plays a significant part, which composes a particular vulnerability to being exposed to digital abuse. The aim of this integrative literature review is to investigate how previous research describes digital abuse in young people´s relationships and its consequences. This study is based on 12 articles of which are presented with a thematic structure, that were analyzed with the theoretical frame of coercive control and structural perspective. Digital abuse can be seen as an extension and streamlining of existing forms of violence. The results suggest that digital abuse is perpetrated with the use of technology. A distinctive theme found was the use of controlling behaviors to dominate one´s partner in various ways. Results suggest that being exposed to digital abuse can result in consequences such as physical and mental illness, trust issues and intimacy issues.
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Tactics of Sexual Control and Negative Health OutcomesKleppe, Anna Elizabeth 11 June 2016 (has links)
Intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) is a concerning, yet relatively understudied form of intimate partner violence (IPV). Furthermore, the majority of research regarding sexual violence fails to differentiate between different forms of control used to facilitate this violence. Although IPV has been linked to a multitude of adverse physical and health outcomes, it is less clear how these outcomes vary by type of control experienced. Using data from the 2010 National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS), the current study examines the physical and non-physical tactics used to facilitate sexual violence, and the associated health outcomes. Potential gender differences in tactics experienced and resulting victim health are also explored.
Results show that while physical force is associated with the greatest number of health outcomes, all three tactics are related to reporting adverse health. Additionally, gender analyses reveal that women are more likely to suffer from frequent headaches, injuries, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and to report a greater number of physical health outcomes and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms, while men who experienced physically forced sexual violence are more likely to report overall worse mental health than their female counterparts. These findings, along with policy implications and directions for future research, are then discussed.
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" They're out to take away your sanity": An ecological investigation of gaslighting in intimate partner violenceHailes, Helen Paula January 2023 (has links)
Thesis advisor: Lisa A. Goodman / The term “gaslighting” has become increasingly ubiquitous in popular media, from self-help literature to political analysis (Carpenter, 2018; Sarkis, 2018; Stern, 2018). It is also beginning to gain traction in the medical and mental health establishment. For instance, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) now includes gaslighting under its definition of psychological aggression (Breiding, Basile, Smith, Black, & Mahendra, 2015). However, empirical research on this topic lags behind popular discourse. There is desperate need for definition clarity and empirical evidence of this uniquely epistemic form of harm, otherwise the term gaslighting runs the risk of becoming vague, diffuse, and almost meaninglessness. Gaslighting in intimate partner violence (IPV) is the original and paradigmatic case of gaslighting (Cukor, 1944; Hamilton, 2015). A small handful of recent studies have investigated gaslighting in this context, and more general psychological abuse literature has hinted at it by other names (e.g. Bhatti et al., 2021; Ferraro, 2006; Sweet, 2019; Tolman, 1992). However, the present study represents the first systematic, empirical, psychological investigation of gaslighting in IPV. Study aims were to illuminate the tactics, effects, and long-term implications of gaslighting in IPV, as well as ecological factors that may influence survivor experiences. Fifteen IPV survivors were interviewed about their gaslighting experiences, and data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods. Three clusters of findings emerged: Survivors described (1) the gaslighting process, (2) their long-term responses to gaslighting, and (3) the influence of ecological factors on self-trust. This study represents a substantial advancement in the literature on gaslighting in IPV, demonstrating the validity of a new two-part model of gaslighting, describing survivors’ subjective experiences of self-doubt, and illuminating how gaslighting fits into broader patterns of power and control in IPV. It also provides the first account of what survivor resistance to gaslighting might look like, and how other factors in survivors’ lives may hinder or promote resistance. Implications for research and practice are discussed in the context of study limitations. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2023. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology.
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I Decide when You Die: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Prior Reporting of Physical Violence for Intimate Partner Homicides by Heterosexual Spouses in FloridaKing, Donna 01 January 2019 (has links)
It is generally believed that a victim of an intimate partner homicide, who faced ongoing physical violence prior to the killing, would have contacted authorities for assistance or protection some time prior to their death. However, the results of this study show that this notion that a victim of ongoing abuse will, more than likely, request help is a misconception. Through qualitative and quantitative methods analysis, this study reveals the dearth of prior reporting of physical violence to law enforcement or the court when an intimate partner homicide takes place between heterosexual spouses in Florida between 2006 and 2016. Additionally, "coercive control," a term that is not nearly as recognizable as domestic violence or intimate partner violence but that should be understood and regulated, was conceptualized and operationalized using NVivo Pro 12, a qualitative social sciences software package. By constructing an original data set from secondary data from the Florida Department of Law Enforcement Uniform Crime Report Supplemental Homicide Report, multiple law enforcement agencies from throughout the state of Florida, and many Florida county courthouses, variables of intimate partner homicide were analyzed in unique quantitative models using IBM SPSS, an advanced statistical software analysis program. Also, as part of the content analysis process, Petitions for Injunction for Protection against Domestic Violence were organized, coded, and analyzed to provide insight into the role coercive control takes prior to an intimate partner homicide. This study sheds light on the fact that the emphasis on physical violence in intimate partner abuse, rather than the non-violent tactics of coercive control, for lethality risk assessments for intimate partner violence victims is misplaced and warrants reconsideration.
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Towards characterising the female sexual offender : a systematic review of research articlesCollins-McKinnell, Charmaine Rose 16 April 2014 (has links)
Minimal scientific research has been conducted regarding female sexual offenders within the
South African context, despite its prevalence. This study explores behavioural and contextual
characteristics of female sexual offenders to gain an understanding of the phenomenon. This
qualitative study in the form of a systematic review, focuses on the findings of ten original
international research articles published from 2002 to 2012 regarding the behavioural and
contextual characteristics of female sexual offenders. The epistemological foundation of this
study was postmodernism and social constructionism. Three main themes and various
subthemes emerged from the data by applying the thematic content analysis. The aim of this
study was to explore the similarities and differences between the findings of the research
articles. Lacunas in the existing literature were explored in an attempt to extend scientific
knowledge on female sexual offenders. Finally, recommendations for future scientific studies
on female sexual offenders were discussed. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)
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Towards characterising the female sexual offender : a systematic review of research articlesCollins-McKinnell, Charmaine Rose 16 April 2014 (has links)
Minimal scientific research has been conducted regarding female sexual offenders within the
South African context, despite its prevalence. This study explores behavioural and contextual
characteristics of female sexual offenders to gain an understanding of the phenomenon. This
qualitative study in the form of a systematic review, focuses on the findings of ten original
international research articles published from 2002 to 2012 regarding the behavioural and
contextual characteristics of female sexual offenders. The epistemological foundation of this
study was postmodernism and social constructionism. Three main themes and various
subthemes emerged from the data by applying the thematic content analysis. The aim of this
study was to explore the similarities and differences between the findings of the research
articles. Lacunas in the existing literature were explored in an attempt to extend scientific
knowledge on female sexual offenders. Finally, recommendations for future scientific studies
on female sexual offenders were discussed. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)
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Deconstructing the "Power and Control Motive": Developing and Assessing the Measurability of Internal PowerWagers, Shelly Marie 01 January 2012 (has links)
Despite the increased social recognition, law and policy changes within the criminal justice system, and the widespread use of court mandated batterer intervention programs (BIPs) domestic violence continues to be a persistent problem. The lack of significant decline in incidence rates along with a growing body of empirical evidence that indicates BIPs are, at best, only moderately effective raises serious concern. Effective policies and programs are based upon empirically tested theory. The assertion "the batterer's motive is power and control" has become fundamental to almost all of our currently used and accepted mainstream theoretical explanations regarding domestic violence. However, the domestic violence literature has not yet advanced any specific conceptualizations of power as a construct, it has not produced a theoretical model of power that articulates why or how power specifically acts as a motive for a batterer, and it has never empirically tested this fundamental assertion.
The purpose of this research is to address this gap by focusing on the role of power in domestic violence theory and offer a more complete conceptualization and precise operationalization of power. The main goal of this study was to advance our current understanding of an individual's sense of power and control as a motive for using coercive control tactics, such as psychological and physical abuse tactics against an intimate partner. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to develop and assess the measurability of the construct "internal power". Specifically, it defined, conceptualized, and operationalized internal power. Then a Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient was examined and a principal components factor analysis was conducted to investigate the dimensionality and underlying factor structure of internal power. Findings indicated empirical support for the proposed measure of internal power, allowing its relationship to an individual's use of psychological and physical abuse tactics to be empirically assessed. Results of a t-test and examination of a Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient indicated that internal power is inversely related to an individual's use of psychological and physical abuse tactics. Findings indicate that both the measure for internal power and its potential relationship to an individual's use of psychological and physical abuse tactics warrants further exploration and development.
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Décrire et comprendre les expériences de femmes en contexte sectaire à la lumière du contrôle coercitifLagorse, Andréa 09 1900 (has links)
Ce mémoire de maitrise s’intéresse aux expériences spécifiques des femmes en contexte sectaire. Partout dans le monde, les droits des femmes ainsi que leur liberté ne sont, pour certains, toujours pas acquis ou, dans certains cas, remis en question. Il est établi que certains types de crimes, notamment les agressions sexuelles, sont plus susceptibles d’être perpétrés à l’encontre des femmes, tout comme certains contextes, relations intimes ou conjugales en particulier, sont plus propices à voir se développer différentes formes de violence principalement dirigées contre les femmes. Considérant le fait que ce sont des types de violence que l’on retrouve également en contexte sectaire, il apparait alors pertinent d’étudier l’expérience de femmes au sein de ces communautés.
À la lumière de ces éléments, ce mémoire a pour objectif principal de cerner l’expérience des filles et des femmes dans les groupes sectaires en mettant l’accent, le cas échéant, sur les expériences de victimisation, ceci à partir du témoignage d’anciennes membres de tels regroupements.
À l’aide d’une méthodologie qualitative, huit entrevues en profondeur, de type entretiens semi-directifs, ont été menées avec d’anciennes membres de groupes sectaires. Les témoignages des participantes ont été analysés selon une perspective féministe, en se basant sur la théorie du contrôle coercitif de Stark (2007).
Les résultats permettent de constater que les femmes sont soumises au contrôle coercitif par le leader, lequel est renforcé par les autres membres et parfois la famille, impliqués dans le groupe. Elles sont enfermées dans des rôles souvent issus d’une vision patriarcale de la place de la femme dans la société, les obligeant à répondre aux exigences du leader et de leur communauté d’appartenance. Les femmes rencontrent aussi des difficultés à la sortie du groupe, notamment en lien avec la recherche d’aide formelle. À la lumière des données recueillies, il se dégage un réel besoin de sensibilisation et de formation sur la compréhension des expériences sectaires spécifiques aux femmes dans le but de leur venir en aide tout en respectant ce qu’elles ont vécu. De même, de nouvelles pistes de recherche concernant spécifiquement l’expérience des femmes dans les sectes sont ouvertes, ce mémoire ne faisant, somme toute, qu’effleurer le sujet. Il aura néanmoins permis de montrer que le sujet mérite sans l’ombre d’un doute d’être davantage exploré. / This master's thesis focuses on the specific experiences of women in a cultic context. Throughout the world, women's rights and freedoms are, for some, still not acquired or, in some cases, questioned. It has been established that certain types of crime, specifically sexual assault, are more likely to be perpetrated against women, just as certain contexts, in for example in intimate relationships, are more conducive to the development of various forms of violence directed primarily against women. Considering that these types of violence are also found in cultic contexts, it seems relevant to study the experience of women within these communities.
In light of these elements, the main objective of this thesis is to identify the experience of girls and women in cultic groups, with an emphasis on experiences of victimization, if applicable, based on the testimony of former members of such groups.
Using a qualitative methodology, eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with former female cult members. The participants' testimonies were analyzed from a feminist perspective, based on Stark's (2007) theory of coercive control.
The results show that women are subject to the coercive control by the leader, which is reinforced by other members and sometimes by family members involved in the group. Participants are locked into roles that often stem from a patriarchal vision of women's place in society, forcing them to respond to the requirements of the leader and the community to which they belong. Women also encounter difficulties when they leave the group, particularly in relation to seeking formal help. Considering the data collected, there is a real need for awareness and training on understanding the specific cultic experiences of women in order to help them while respecting what they have experienced. Similarly, new avenues of research specifically concerning the experience of women in cults are open, as this thesis only scratches the surface of the subject. Nevertheless, it has had the merit of showing that the subject deserves without a shadow of a doubt to be investigated further.
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An Integrative Theory Analysis of Real-Life and Cyber Unwanted Pursuit Perpetration Following Relationship Break-UpDardis, Christina M. 31 August 2015 (has links)
No description available.
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Rektorer och styrning : En studie om hur rektorer upplever styrningen av kommunala grundskolor / Principals and control : A study on how principals perceive the control of municipal compulsory schoolsRidemar, Markus, Dahl, Jacob January 2024 (has links)
Bakgrund och problem: Skolverksamhet präglas idag av en komplex mix av utmaningar som påverkar individer, såsom rektorer, lärare, föräldrar och elever. Rektorn har en central roll som inkluderar att organisera och leda skolan så att målen uppfylls. Tidigare forskning beskriver hur rektorns roll har förändrats och visar på ökad styrning och administration. Det beror på flera aspekter, såsom ett ökat externt tryck från myndigheter. Det betonas även hur skolledare har fått en roll där olika styrlogiker möts och att den offentliga sektorn präglas av motstridiga ideal. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva hur rektorer upplever styrningen av kommunala grundskolor, utifrån perspektiven förvaltning, lärare, elever/föräldrar och media. Genom att undersöka hur rektorerna navigerar och tolkar styrning från olika perspektiv, strävar studien efter att ge en mångsidig bild av hur styrningen upplevs och hanteras av rektorerna. Vidare är syftet att studera hur styrningen av rektorerna, influerar deras sätt att styra och leda sina skolor. Därav strävar studien efter att öka förståelsen för komplexiteten i rektorernas yrkesroll och de utmaningar de möter i sitt dagliga arbete med att leda och styra sina skolor. Metod: Studien har genomförts på rektorer i kommunala grundskolor runt om i södra Sverige och är därmed en multipel fallstudie. Vidare har studien antagit en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med en abduktiv forskningsansats med inslag av en iterativ ansats. Studien har även använt semistrukturerade intervjuer för att samla in det empiriska materialet. Det teoretiska materialet samlades in genom tidigare forskning om styrning i skolan i form av artiklar och böcker. Slutsatser: Uppsatsen belyser att den möjliggörande och tvingande styrningen samexisterar i kommunala grundskolor, utifrån rektorernas upplevelser. Ett övergripande mönster är att det förekommer skillnader mellan kommuner, avseende såväl politiska aspekter som upplevelsen av styrmedel. Det identifieras också hur rektors styrning och ledning influeras och bland annat visar uppsatsen att ökad administration begränsar det pedagogiska ledarskapet. Det konstateras även att rektorn behöver använda en pedagogisk ledarstil när tilliten är låg och en fördelad ledarstil när tillititen är hög mellan professionerna. / Background and problem: In today's educational landscape, we encounter a complex mix of challenges affecting individuals, such as principals, teachers, parents and students. The principal plays a central role in the school, which includes organizing and leading the institution, to achieve the general goals. Previous research highlights how the role of the principal has evolved, showing increased control and administration, influenced by various factors such as increased external pressures from authorities. It also emphasizes the clash of different control logics in the principals´ role and that the public sector is characterized by competing ideals. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to describe how principals perceive the control of municipal compulsory schools, from the perspective of administration, teachers, parents/students and media. Exploring how principals navigate and interpret the control from various perspectives, the study aims to provide a diverse picture of how control is perceived and managed by the principals. Furthermore, the aim is to examine how the control of principals influence thier ways of controlling and leading thier schools. Hence, the study also aims to increase the understanding of the complexity of principals´professional role and the challenges they encounter in their daily work of leading and controlling their school. Method: The study was conducted with principals in municipal compulsory schools across southern Sweden, constituting a multiple case study. Additionally, a qualitative research method has been adopted, with an abductive research approach, incorporating elements of the iterative approach. The study used semi-structured interviews to gather empirical data, while theoretical materials were sourced from previous research on control in schools in the form of articles and books. Conclusion: The thesis highlights that enabling and coercive control coexist in municipal compulsory schools, based on the principals´experiences. An overarching pattern is that there are differences between municipalities regarding both political aspects and the perception of control measures. Further, we identify how the principals's control and leadership are influenced and among other things, the thesis shows that increased administration limits pedagogical leadership. It is also noted that the principal needs to use a pedagogical leadership approach when trust is low, and a distributed leadership style when trust is high between the professions.
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