Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:14:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariliaDFC_DISSERT.pdf: 4078841 bytes, checksum: c83e843adb7bb22ae42c72221a9ff0d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This study investigated the influence of partial colectomy associated with hepatectomy on the biodistribution of the 99mTc-phytate, on metabolic parameters, as well as labeling and morphology of red blood cells. Wistar rats were distributed into three groups (each with 6), nominated as colectomy, colectomy+hepatectomy and sham. In the 30th postoperative day all rats were injected with 99mTc-phytate 0.1mL i.v. (radioactivity 0.66 MBq). After 15 minutes, liver sample was harvested and weighed. Percentage radioactivity per gram of tissue (%ATI/g) was determined using an automatic gamma-counter. Serum AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase and red blood cells labeling were determined. The liver %ATI/g and red blood cells labeling were lower in colectomy and colectomy+hepatectomy rats than in sham rats (p <0.05), and no difference was detected comparing the colectomy and colectomy+hepatectomy groups. Red blood cells morphology did not differ among groups. Serum levels of AST, ALT and alkaline fosfatase were significantly higher in colectomy+hepatectomy than in colectomy rats (p<0.001). Hepatectomy associated with colectomy lowered the uptake of radiopharmaceutical in liver and in red blood cells in rats, coinciding with changes in liver enzymatic activity / Este trabalho trata de investiga??o sobre a influ?ncia da colectomia associada ? hepatectomia parcial, na biodistribui??o do fitato-99mTcO4, na marca??o e morfologia de hem?cias e par?metros metab?licos da fun??o hep?tica. Dezoito ratos Wistar foram distribu?dos em tr?s grupos (seis animais cada), denominados: colectomia, colectomia+hepatectomia e sham. No primeiro grupo os animais foram submetidos a uma colectomia direita, no segundo foram submetidos ao mesmo procedimento por?m associou-se uma hepatectomia esquerda e no terceiro houve apenas realiza??o de uma laparotomia e leve manipula??o de al?as intestinais. No trig?simo dia p?s-operat?rio, foi feita inje??o de 0,1 mililitro intravenoso de fitato- 99mTcO4 (radioatividade 0,66 MBq) em todos os animais. Ap?s quinze minutos, uma amostra de f?gado foi colhida e pesada. O percentual de radioatividade por grama de tecido (%AIT/g) foi determinado no f?gado e hem?cias usando-se um contador gama autom?tico. Dosagem s?rica de alanina aminotransferase (ALT), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), fosfatase alcalina (FA), morfologia e marca??o de hem?cias com pertecnetato foram determinadas. O %AIT/g no f?gado e nas hem?cias foi menor nos animais dos grupos colectomia e colectomia+hepatectomia do que no grupo sham (p<0,05; teste de Tukey). Nenhuma diferen?a foi detectada comparando os grupos colectomia e colectomia + hepatectomia. A morfologia das hem?cias n?o diferiu entre os 3 grupos. Os n?veis s?ricos de AST, ALT e FA foram significativamente maiores no grupo colectomia+hepatectomia do que no grupo colectomia (p<0,001). Em conclus?o, a colectomia associada a hepatectomia contribuiu para reduzir a capta??o de radiof?rmaco no f?gado e hem?cias de ratos, coincidindo com altera??es na atividade enzim?tica do f?gado

Submitted by Élen Farinelli de Campos Silva (elenfarinelli@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-11T01:53:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 1220781 bytes, checksum: 569fcdc5b7a92337431b3ae556c60152 (MD5) / Rejected by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: problema 1: ficha catalográfica Falta ficha catalográfica. A ficha deve ser inserida no arquivo PDF logo após a folha de rosto do seu trabalho. Assim que tiver efetuado a correção ou correções submeta o arquivo em PDF novamente. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2018-04-11T13:27:36Z (GMT) / Submitted by Élen Farinelli de Campos Silva (elenfarinelli@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-15T16:31:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao.pdf: 1220781 bytes, checksum: 569fcdc5b7a92337431b3ae556c60152 (MD5) Ficha Catalográfica.pdf: 127313 bytes, checksum: 14fc12bd4635ce18c6c2a18faa54f3b6 (MD5) / Rejected by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: problema 1: arquivos separados (dissertação e ficha catalográfica) O arquivo deve ser único e a ficha catalográfica deve ser inserida no arquivo PDF logo após a folha de rosto do seu trabalho. Assim que tiver efetuado a correção ou correções submeta o arquivo em PDF novamente. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2018-04-17T12:09:50Z (GMT) / Submitted by Élen Farinelli de Campos Silva (elenfarinelli@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-18T13:24:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Defesa Elen 18 abril 2018 - Ellen.pdf: 1319266 bytes, checksum: 69a7a76892b1bad189a29b29c5bd54eb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Pizzani null (luciana@btu.unesp.br) on 2018-04-19T12:52:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_efc_me_bot.pdf: 1319266 bytes, checksum: 69a7a76892b1bad189a29b29c5bd54eb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-19T12:52:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_efc_me_bot.pdf: 1319266 bytes, checksum: 69a7a76892b1bad189a29b29c5bd54eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / Introdução: as Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais (IBD), representadas pela Doença de Crohn e Retocolite Ulcerativa (RCU), podem evoluir com sintomas incapacitantes que comprometem a qualidade de vida de seus portadores. A identificação precoce de doença grave permite terapêutica inicial mais agressiva com menores taxas de complicações e hospitalizações, cirurgias e morte. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar as variáveis associadas à necessidade de hospitalização, cirurgia de colectomia, evolução para câncer colorretal e óbito em pacientes portadores de RCU. Metodologia: foi realizado estudo observacional e retrospectivo com coleta de dados de pacientes acompanhados no Ambulatório de DII da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, totalizando 284 pacientes elegíveis. Excluímos 30 pacientes com dados faltantes, totalizando 254 pacientes analisados. As características demográficas, tabagismo, aspectos clínicos como extensão e atividade da doença, além da presença de manifestações extraintestinais (MEI), medicamentos em uso e comorbidades foram avaliados. Os defechos considerados foram necessidade de hospitalização por complicações da doença, necessidade de colectomia, evolução para câncer colorretal ou óbito. Análise estatística: análise descritiva e testes de associação. Foram realizadas análises de regressão logística univariada e multivariada para avaliar as variáveis associadas ao desfecho. As variáveis de desfecho foram necessidade de hospitalização, colectomia, câncer colorretal e óbito. A curva de sobrevida foi realizada utilizando o teste Log Rank, no qual o evento inicial foi a data do diagnóstico e o evento final foi a necessidade de hospitalização, colectomia, câncer colorretal ou óbito ou o último contato com o paciente. Nível de significância p <0,05. Resultados: a média de idade foi de 46,64 (± 16,88) anos, 62,99% eram mulheres, 49,61% apresentavam pancolite e 45,68% estavam em remissão clínica. Em relação ao tabagismo, 66,40% dos pacientes eram não-fumantes, 28,06% ex-fumantes e 5,53% fumantes. MEI foi observada em 52,36% dos pacientes e 10,63% dos pacientes estavam em uso de terapia biológica. Noventa e três pacientes (29,06%) necessitaram de hospitalização. As variáveis associadas com hospitalização foram extensão pancolite, presença de colangite esclerosante primária (OR: 4,884; IC95% 1,199-19,890; p=0,02) e presença de complicações (OR: 5,34; IC95% 2,445 -11,770; p<0,0001). Vinte e quatro pacientes (9,45%) foram submetidos à cirurgia de colectomia total. A necessidade de cirurgia foi associada ao tempo de seguimento (OR: 1,074; IC95% 1,074-1,13; p=0,01). Seis pacientes (2,36%) apresentaram câncer colorretal. A presença de câncer colorretal foi associada com a idade ao diagnóstico (OR: 1,060; IC95%: 1,003-1,119; p=0,04) e tabagismo ativo (OR: 6,999; IC95%: 1,017-48,161; p=0,02). Vinte e cinco pacientes (9,84%) morreram. As variáveis associadas ao óbito foram a pontuação total do escore de Mayo (OR: 1,338; IC95%: 1,011-1,770; p=0,04), uso de prednisona (OR: 5,218; IC95%; 2,053-13,261; p=0,0005), presença de desnutrição (OR: 3,307, IC95%: 1,300-8.408, p=0,01) e a necessidade de hospitalização (OR: 3,307; IC95%: 1,462-28,195; p=0,01). Conclusões: a presença de pancolite e a presença de colangite esclerosante primária foram associadas à necessidade de hospitalização. A presença de câncer colorretal foi associada ao tabagismo. As variáveis associadas ao óbito foram relacionadas com a atividade da doença, como a pontuação total do escore de Mayo, o uso de prednisona, a presença de desnutrição e a necessidade de hospitalização. / Introduction: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), represented by Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), can evolve with disabling symptoms that compromise the patients quality of life. The early identification of severe disease allows a more aggressive therapeutic approach with a lower risk of complications and lower rates of hospitalizations, surgeries and death. The objective of the present study was to identify the variables associated with the need for hospitalization, need for colectomy, presence of colorectal cancer and death occurrence in UC patients. Methodology: An observational and retrospective study was carried out collecting data from patients from Botucatu Medical School, totalizing 284 eligible patients. We excluded 30 patients with insufficient data, totalizing 254 analyzed. Demographic characteristics, smoking status, clinical aspects of the disease as extension and disease activity, besides presence of extraintestinal manifestations (EIM), medications in use and comorbidities were evaluated. The severity criteria considered were hospitalization due to disease complication, need for colectomy, and evolution to colorectal cancer or death. Statistical analysis: descriptive analysis and association tests. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyzes were performed to study the variables associated with the outcome. The outcome variables were hospitalization, colectomy, colorectal cancer and death. Survival analysis was performed using the Log Rank test, in which the initial event was the date of diagnosis and the final events were the need for hospitalization, colectomy, colorectal cancer or death or the last contact with the patient. Significance level p <0.05. The local Ethic Committee approved the study. Results: Two hundred and fifty-four UC patients were evaluated. The mean age was 46.64 (±16.88)y, 62.99% were women, 49.61% presented pancolitis and 45.68% were in clinical remission. Regarding current smoking, 66.40% of the patients were non-smokers, 28.06% ex-smokers and 5.53% smokers. EIM was observed in 52.36% of the patients and 10.63% of them was receiving biological therapy. Ninety-three patients (29.06%) required hospitalization and it was associated with pancolitis extension, presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis (OR:4.884; IC95% 1.199- 19.890; p=0.02) and presence of complications (OR:5.364; IC95% 2.445-11.770; p<0.0001). Twenty-four patients (9.45%) underwent total colectomy. The need for surgery was associated with follow-up time (OR:1.074; IC95% 1.074-1.138; p=0.01). Six patients (2.36%) presented colorectal cancer. The presence of colorectal cancer was associated with age at diagnosis (OR:1.060; 95%CI 1.003- 1.119; p=0.04) and current smoking (OR:6,999; 95%CI 1.017-48.161; p=0.02). Twenty-five patients (9.84%) died. The variables associated with death were the total Mayo Score (OR:1.338; 95%CI 1.011-1.770; p=0.04), prednisone use (OR:5.218; 95%CI 2.053-13.261; p=0.0005), presence of malnutrition (OR:3.307, 95%CI:1.300-8.408, p=0.01), and the need for hospitalization (OR:3.307; 95%CI:1.462-28.195; p=0.01). Conclusions: The presence of pancolitis and the presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis were associated with the need for hospitalization. The presence of colorectal cancer was associated with current smoking. The variables associated with death were related with disease activity, such as the total Mayo Score, prednisone use, presence of malnutrition and the need for hospitalization.

Orientador: Ligia Yukie Sassaki / Resumo: Introdução: as Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais (IBD), representadas pela Doença de Crohn e Retocolite Ulcerativa (RCU), podem evoluir com sintomas incapacitantes que comprometem a qualidade de vida de seus portadores. A identificação precoce de doença grave permite terapêutica inicial mais agressiva com menores taxas de complicações e hospitalizações, cirurgias e morte. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar as variáveis associadas à necessidade de hospitalização, cirurgia de colectomia, evolução para câncer colorretal e óbito em pacientes portadores de RCU. Metodologia: foi realizado estudo observacional e retrospectivo com coleta de dados de pacientes acompanhados no Ambulatório de DII da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, totalizando 284 pacientes elegíveis. Excluímos 30 pacientes com dados faltantes, totalizando 254 pacientes analisados. As características demográficas, tabagismo, aspectos clínicos como extensão e atividade da doença, além da presença de manifestações extraintestinais (MEI), medicamentos em uso e comorbidades foram avaliados. Os defechos considerados foram necessidade de hospitalização por complicações da doença, necessidade de colectomia, evolução para câncer colorretal ou óbito. Análise estatística: análise descritiva e testes de associação. Foram realizadas análises de regressão logística univariada e multivariada para avaliar as variáveis associadas ao desfecho. As variáveis de desfecho foram necessidade de hospitalização, colectomia, câncer ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), represented by Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), can evolve with disabling symptoms that compromise the patients quality of life. The early identification of severe disease allows a more aggressive therapeutic approach with a lower risk of complications and lower rates of hospitalizations, surgeries and death. The objective of the present study was to identify the variables associated with the need for hospitalization, need for colectomy, presence of colorectal cancer and death occurrence in UC patients. Methodology: An observational and retrospective study was carried out collecting data from patients from Botucatu Medical School, totalizing 284 eligible patients. We excluded 30 patients with insufficient data, totalizing 254 analyzed. Demographic characteristics, smoking status, clinical aspects of the disease as extension and disease activity, besides presence of extraintestinal manifestations (EIM), medications in use and comorbidities were evaluated. The severity criteria considered were hospitalization due to disease complication, need for colectomy, and evolution to colorectal cancer or death. Statistical analysis: descriptive analysis and association tests. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyzes were performed to study the variables associated with the outcome. The outcome variables were hospitalization, colectomy, colorectal cancer and death. Survival analysis was performed using the L... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

O rearranjo da anatomia gastrointestinal é atualmente o foco de estudos para a remissão e cura do diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Há evidências a favor da melhora desta comorbidade após a gastrectomia em pacientes não obesos, entretanto sem análise de longo prazo. O intestino grosso, como integrante do aparelho digestório e potencialmente produtor de incretinas, ainda não foi estudado em relação à influência de sua retirada (colectomia) no desfecho do diabetes. Nestas circunstâncias, faz-se necessário um estudo em longo prazo destas duas cirurgias na homeostase glicídica. Objetivos: Analisar a resposta em longo prazo do diabetes e pré-diabetes pré-existentes após gastrectomia, bem como, colectomia por câncer. Métodos: Foram analisados pacientes adultos submetidos à gastrectomia subtotal e total (Y de Roux) por câncer gástrico e colectomia (direita ou retossigmoidectomia) por câncer de colo e reto há mais de 3 anos e sem sinais de doença em atividade. Incluíram-se controles nas duas situações de pós-operatório tardio com homeostase glicídica normal, a fim de averiguar também sua evolução em longo prazo. Agregou-se ainda um grupo controle pré-operatório atual constituído de doentes diabéticos com câncer gástrico, candidatos à gastrectomia curativa, pois alguns exames analisados no pós-operatório não haviam sido coletados no período pré-operatório. Os pacientes foram divididos de acordo com a presença e curso clínico do diabetes. O grupo diabético foi subdividido em Refratários (permaneceram diabéticos) e Responsivos (remissão parcial ou completa). O grupo controle foi dividido em Estáveis (permaneceram sem diabetes) e Neodiabetes (ficaram diabéticos ou pré-diabéticos). Também foram avaliados de acordo com o tipo de cirurgia. Foram coletados exames de albumina, transferrina, ferritina, ferro sérico, hemoglobina, leucócitos, colesterol total, LDL, VLDL e HDL, triglicérides, insulina, hemoglobina A1C, Peptídeo C, IGF-1, Leptina, proteína C reativa, fibrinogênio, tempo de protrombina, dímero D, complemento C3 e C4, ácido fólico e vitamina B12. Peso, altura e perímetro abdominal e do quadril também foram analisados. Resultados: Os seguimentos atingiram 86,8 ± 25,1 meses nos gastrectomizados e 79,2 ±27,4 nos colectomizados. Os pacientes gastrectomizados beneficiaram-se com remissão do diabetes em 41,2% dos casos e os colectomizados em 32,4%. No grupo controle de gastrectomizados surgiram em longo prazo 63,2% de neodiabéticos e no de colectomizados 30,8%. Nos pacientes diabéticos responsivos com câncer gástrico houve paralelismo entre queda da glicemia e do IMC, algo que não se sucedeu nos acometidos de câncer colorretal. Em nenhuma das duas populações refratárias pode-se atribuir um papel para a variação do IMC no desfecho do diabetes. Nos pacientes neodiabéticos nenhuma contribuição do IMC foi despistada em quaisquer dos grupos estudados. Os pacientes diabéticos gastrectomizados e colectomizados não revelaram diferenças significativas nos valores de glicemia e prevalência de diabetes quando separados por tipo de cirurgia. Conclusão: Nos pacientes gastrectomizados, comprovou-se remissão do diabetes a longo prazo ainda que em proporções menores que as documentadas usualmente, com obesos tratados por cirurgia bariátrica. A perda de peso demonstrou influência positiva na resposta do diabetes. A exclusão duodenal pode ser outro fator envolvido na melhora do diabetes ao lado deste moderado emagrecimento. Já a remoção do fundo gástrico não demonstrou influência na evolução destes pacientes. Não há indícios de que a gastrectomia protegeu contra o aparecimento de novos casos de diabetes e pré-diabetes, pois estes se manifestaram em elevadas proporções. Os pacientes colectomizados diabéticos apresentaram taxa ligeiramente menor de responsivos quando comparados com o grupo bariátrico, sem diferenças significativas. A variação do peso e o local de ressecção não se relacionaram com o desfecho do diabetes. As conversões de pacientes normoglicêmicos para diabetes, ao final do tempo de seguimento, foram mais baixas que nos gastrectomizados. São necessários mais estudos para elucidar os mecanismos envolvidos na história natural da homeostase glicídica, tanto após gastrectomia quanto cirurgia colorretal / The rearrangement of gastrointestinal anatomy is currently the focus of research for the cure and remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is evidence suggesting that this comorbidity improves after cancer gastrectomy in non-obese patients, however no long-term analysis is available. The large intestine, as part of the digestive system and potentially producing incretins, has not been studied with regard to the influence of surgical removal (colectomy) on the outcome of diabetes. In these circumstances, a study focusing the long-term outcome of glucose homeostasis after these two surgeries was deemed appropriate. Objectives: Analysis of the long-term response of preexisting diabetes and pre-diabetes after gastrectomy and colectomy for cancer. Population: Adult patients who underwent subtotal and total (Roux-en Y) gastrectomy for gastric cancer, as well as colorectal operation (right hemicolectomy or anterior resection) for colon and rectum cancer, with at least 3 years of follow up and no signs of active disease. Controls with normal glucose homeostasis were included in both contexts, in order to investigate long term evolution also in euglycemic subjects. A current preoperative control group was added consisting of diabetic patients with gastric cancer, aiming to provide information not available in the retrospective analysis of the preoperative period. Patients were divided according to the presence and clinical course of diabetes. The diabetes group was divided into Refractory (remained diabetic) and Responsive cases (partial or complete remission). The control group was similarly divided into Stable (remained without diabetes) and New onset diabetes/NOD (became diabetic or pre-diabetic). Surgical modality was also considered in the stratification (subtotal versus total gastrectomy and right colectomy versus anterior resection). Biochemical tests included albumin, transferrin, ferritin, serum iron, hemoglobin, white blood cell count, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, and HDL, triglycerides, insulin, hemoglobin A1C, C-peptide, IGF-1, leptin, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, prothrombin time, D-dimer, complement C3 and C4, folic acid and vitamin B12. Weight, height and waist/hip ratio were also documented. Results: The follow-up reached 86.8 ± 25.1 months in patients submitted to gastrectomy and 79.2 ± 27.4 in colorectal surgery. Gastrectomized patients benefited from diabetes remission in 41.2% of cases and 32.4% after large bowel operation. NOD was detected in 63.2% and 30.8% of nondiabetic subjects, respectively. Among responsive diabetic patients with gastric cancer direct relation between fall in blood glucose and BMI was demonstrated, but not with colorectal cancer. In both refractory populations BMI failed to correlated with outcome of diabetes. In NOD patients no contribution of BMI was shown in any group either. Prevalence of diabetes was not different when stratified according to type of surgery. Conclusion: In gastrectomized patients, long term remission of diabetes was confirmed, even though is smaller proportions than those reported after bariatric surgery. Weight loss showed a positive influence in the responsive diabetes population submitted to gastrectomy. There are reasons to believe that duodenal exclusion was involved as well in diabetes amelioration, besides moderate weight loss. The removal of the gastric fundus was not relevant for the evolution of these patients. No evidence in favor of gastrectomy protection against the onset of new diabetes and pre-diabetes was detected. On the contrary, these were registered in high proportions. Colorectal diabetic patients had slightly lower rate of response when compared to the gastrectomy group, without significance. Weight shift and location of the resection were unrelated to the outcome of diabetes. NOD cases at the end of follow-up period were less frequent than after gastric surgery. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the natural history of glucose homeostasis, after both gastric and colorectal surgery

Clostridium difficile colitis (CDC) is associated with a higher risk of acute death among hospitalized ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. However, the risk of colectomy with CDC in these patients has varied across studies. No study has assessed the long-term health impact of CDC in UC patients. Therefore, the present study evaluated the impact of CDC on five-year health outcomes of hospitalized UC patients based on Ontario health administrative data. No overall association was observed between CDC and five-year risks of colectomy or death in overall cohort. However, patients who were discharged from hospital without undergoing colectomy demonstrated marginally higher five-year risks of colectomy and hospital re-admission. Mortality risk and length of stay during index hospitalization were also higher in patients with CDC. Analysis of a parallel cohort of UC patients derived using a published case definition corroborated most of these results, but demonstrated a higher five-year mortality risk with CDC.

Clostridium difficile colitis (CDC) is associated with a higher risk of acute death among hospitalized ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. However, the risk of colectomy with CDC in these patients has varied across studies. No study has assessed the long-term health impact of CDC in UC patients. Therefore, the present study evaluated the impact of CDC on five-year health outcomes of hospitalized UC patients based on Ontario health administrative data. No overall association was observed between CDC and five-year risks of colectomy or death in overall cohort. However, patients who were discharged from hospital without undergoing colectomy demonstrated marginally higher five-year risks of colectomy and hospital re-admission. Mortality risk and length of stay during index hospitalization were also higher in patients with CDC. Analysis of a parallel cohort of UC patients derived using a published case definition corroborated most of these results, but demonstrated a higher five-year mortality risk with CDC.

<p>Oral 111-Indium-DTPA colonic scintigraphy was used to assess segmental transit in 23 patients with slow transit constipation (STC) and 13 controls. The transit time did not differ between patients and controls in the right colon, whereas the patients had a consistent delay from the transverse colon and distally (<i>P</i><0.05–0.001). Two individual patients had a delay in the right colon.</p><p>Twenty-eight patients underwent a left- (n=26) or a right (n=2) hemicolectomy for STC, after evaluation including colonic scintigraphy. Twenty-three patients (80%) were satisfied with the outcome after a median of 50 months. The median stool frequency increased from one to seven per week (<i>P</i><0.001). The number of patients with bloating, excessive straining and painful defecation decreased (<i>P</i><0.05). The laxative use decreased (<i>P</i><0.01) and faecal continence was unchanged. A blunted rectal sensation correlated to a poor outcome.</p><p>Fifty constipated patients with slow colonic transit and 28 controls were investigated with anorectal manovolumetry. Anal resting pressure was lower (<i>P</i><0.05), and squeeze pressure tended to be lower (<i>P</i>=0.09) in patients. Rectal sensation was not different between groups, although ten patients had a threshold for filling sensation above the 95^th percentile of controls. The rectal compliance was increased in patients (<i>P</i><0.05–0.01).</p><p>Total and segmental colonic transit was assessed with radio-opaque marker study and scintigraphy in 35 constipated patients, and related to normal values. Twenty-seven of 31 female patients had a prolonged total transit time on marker study, and 26 on scintigraphy. Of those 31 patients, 29 had prolonged segmental transit only in one or two segments on marker study. The two methods gave a similar result, except in the descending colon (<i>P</i><0.05). However, the results varied considerably for individual patients.</p><p>In conclusion, patients with STC often benefit from a segmental colonic resection, following assessment including scintigraphy. Anorectal physiology testing may predict surgical results.</p>

Oral 111-Indium-DTPA colonic scintigraphy was used to assess segmental transit in 23 patients with slow transit constipation (STC) and 13 controls. The transit time did not differ between patients and controls in the right colon, whereas the patients had a consistent delay from the transverse colon and distally (P&lt;0.05–0.001). Two individual patients had a delay in the right colon. Twenty-eight patients underwent a left- (n=26) or a right (n=2) hemicolectomy for STC, after evaluation including colonic scintigraphy. Twenty-three patients (80%) were satisfied with the outcome after a median of 50 months. The median stool frequency increased from one to seven per week (P&lt;0.001). The number of patients with bloating, excessive straining and painful defecation decreased (P&lt;0.05). The laxative use decreased (P&lt;0.01) and faecal continence was unchanged. A blunted rectal sensation correlated to a poor outcome. Fifty constipated patients with slow colonic transit and 28 controls were investigated with anorectal manovolumetry. Anal resting pressure was lower (P&lt;0.05), and squeeze pressure tended to be lower (P=0.09) in patients. Rectal sensation was not different between groups, although ten patients had a threshold for filling sensation above the 95th percentile of controls. The rectal compliance was increased in patients (P&lt;0.05–0.01). Total and segmental colonic transit was assessed with radio-opaque marker study and scintigraphy in 35 constipated patients, and related to normal values. Twenty-seven of 31 female patients had a prolonged total transit time on marker study, and 26 on scintigraphy. Of those 31 patients, 29 had prolonged segmental transit only in one or two segments on marker study. The two methods gave a similar result, except in the descending colon (P&lt;0.05). However, the results varied considerably for individual patients. In conclusion, patients with STC often benefit from a segmental colonic resection, following assessment including scintigraphy. Anorectal physiology testing may predict surgical results.

Abstract Colectomy is performed in critically-ill patients who, for example, experience colonic ischemia following cardiac surgery or reconstruction of a ruptured aortic aneurysm, nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia with severe sepsis, or toxic megacolon due to Clostridium difficile infection. The present retrospective study was conducted in the mixed intensive care unit (ICU) of the Oulu University Hospital to clarify the clinical picture, effects of surgical treatment on organ functions and outcome in critically-ill patients treated with colectomy during 2000-2009. Their histologic and immunohistologic findings were compared with histologically normal colon walls of 34 controls operated for colon tumors. The annual incidence of colectomy in our ICU varied from 0.08% to 0.4%. The mean age of the study patients was 68.8 (sd 9.7) yrs. They had multiple organ failure in 60% and one-year mortality was 62%. One-year surivial from the hospital discharged patients was 91% (29/32). During preoperative period, increasing levels of serum lactate, an increase in the need for higher doses of norepinephrine, and neurologic SOFA subscore were associated with mortality. The histopathologic damage involves all layers of the colon wall being largely similar in sepsis, fulminant clostridium difficile infection and in ischemia after cardiovascular operations. The extent of epithelial damage of colonic epithelium correlated with clinical severity and outcome in the patients. Tight junction protein claudin-1 was down-regulated thoroughly of colonic epithelium, whereas claudin-2 was up-regulated only in the least affected areas. The number of proliferating epithelial cells of colonic epithelium, analyzed by Ki-67 expression, was higher in the worst affected areas in the study patients as compared to results of controls. The proportion of apoptotic cells analyzed by expression of M30 was larger in the worst damage area than in controls. Up-regulation of Toll-like receptor 9, as a part of innate immunity mechanism, in worst areas of colonic epithelium was higher in the surface epithelium compared with least affected areas and in crypts compared with control specimens. Colon ischemia in critically-ill patients is a pancolic phenomenon with life-threatening consequences. Histologic damage in the colon wall was similar irrespective of the underlying cause. Immunohistochemical characteristics resembled those described earlier in inflammatory bowel disease. / Tiivistelmä Leikkaukseen johtavaa tehohoitopotilaan koliittia esiintyy esimerkiksi sydän- ja verisuonileikkauksen jälkeen, yleistyneessä tulehdusreaktiossa sekä Clostridium difficile- infektiossa. Takautuvasti kerätyn tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää vuosina 2000–2009 Oulun Yliopistollisen sairaalan päivystysteho-osastolla hoidettujen potilaiden koliitin kliininen taudinkuva, kirurgisen hoidon vaikutus elinvaurioihin, ennuste ja histologiset ja immunohistologiset löydökset. Leikkauksella hoidettujen potilaiden histopatologisia ja immunohistologisia tutkimustuloksia verrattiin 34:ään histologisesti normaaliin suolinäytteeseen, jotka oli otettu paksusuolisyövän vuoksi tehdyissä leikkauksissa. Päivystysteho-osaston vuosittainen tehohoitopotilaan koliitin esiintyvyyden vaihteluväli oli 0.08&#160;%–0.4&#160;%. Tutkimuspotilaiden keski-ikä oli 68.8 (sd 9.7) vuotta. 60&#160;%:lla heistä todettiin monielinvaurio, ja 62 % heistä menehtyi ensimmäisen vuoden aikana. Sairaalasta kotiutetuista potilaista 91&#160;% oli elossa vuoden kuluttua. Leikkausta edeltävä kohonnut valtimoveren laktaattipitoisuus, verenpainetta tukeva noradrenaliinitarpeen nousu sekä neurologisen toimintakyvyn heikkeneminen olivat yhteydessä potilaiden kuolleisuuteen. Histopatologiset muutokset ulottuivat kaikkiin paksunsuolen kerroksiin ja olivat samankaltaisia eri koliiteissa. Epiteelivaurion laajuus oli yhteydessä potilaiden kliiniseen taudinkulkuun ja ennusteeseen. Immunohistologisissa tutkimuksissa paksusuolen epiteelin klaudiini-1:n esiintyminen oli alentunut, kun taas klaudiini-2:sta oli runsaammin vähemmän vaurioituneella alueella. Vaikeimmin vaurioituneilla suolen alueilla solujen uudistumista kuvaavan merkkiaineen, Ki-67:n, määrä oli suurempi kuin kontrollipotilaiden värjäyksissä. Samanlainen ero vaikeimmin vaurioituneiden alueiden ja kontrollinäytteiden välillä todettiin myös M30-värjäyksen perusteella apoptoosin osalta. Välittömään puolustusmekanismiin kuuluvan Tollin kaltaisen reseptori (TLR) 9:n värjäytyvyys oli vaikeimmin vaurioituneilla epiteelialueilla voimakkaampi kuin vähemmän vaurioituneella alueella. Myös kryptan alueella oli enemmän TLR 9 värjäytyvyyttä kuin kontrollinäytteissä. Tehohoitopotilaan koliittia esiintyy koko paksusuolen alueella. Histopatologiset muutokset ovat samankaltaisia eri tautitilojen aiheuttamissa koliiteissa. Immunohistokemialliset tutkimuslöydökset vastaavat aikaisemmin tulehduksellisten suolistosairauksien yhteydessä kuvattuja muutoksia.

Introduction: La réinstitution de l’alimentation entérale en deçà de 24h après une chirurgie digestive semble a priori conférer une diminution du risque d’infections de plaie, de pneumonies et de la durée de séjour. Le but de cette étude est de vérifier l’effet de la reprise précoce de l’alimentation entérale sur la durée de séjour hospitalier suite à une chirurgie colique. Méthodes: Il s’agit d’une étude prospective randomisée dans laquelle 95 patients ont été divisés aléatoirement en deux groupes. Dans le groupe contrôle, la diète est réintroduite lorsque le patient passe des gaz ou des selles per rectum, et qu’en plus il n’est ni nauséeux ni ballonné. Les patients du groupe expérimental reçoivent pour leur part une diète liquide dans les 12 heures suivant la chirurgie, puis une diète normale aux repas subséquents. L’objectif primaire de cette étude est de déterminer si la réinstitution précoce de l'alimentation entérale post chirurgie colique diminue la durée de séjour hospitalier lorsque comparée au régime traditionnel de réintroduction de l’alimentation. Les objectifs secondaires sont de quantifier l’effet de la réintroduction précoce de la diète sur les morbidités periopératoires et sur la reprise du transit digestif. Résultats: La durée de séjour hospitalier a semblé être légèrement diminuée dans le groupe expérimental (8,78±3,85 versus 9,41±5,22), mais cette difference n’était pas statistiquement significative. Des nausées ou des vomissements furent rapportés chez 24 (51%) patients du bras experimental et chez 30 (62.5%) patients du groupe contrôle. Un tube nasogastrique a du être installé chez un seul patient du groupe experimental. La morbidité périopératoire fut faible dans les deux groupes. Conclusion: Il semble sécuritaire de nourrir précocément les patients suite à une chirurgie colique. Cependant cette étude n’a pu démontrer un impact significatif de la reintroduction précoce de l alimentation per os sur la durée de séjour hospitalier. / Introduction: of early feeding within 24 hours of intestinal surgery seems advantageous in terms of reduction of wound infection, pneumonia and length of hospital stay. The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of early enteral nutrition in length of hospital stay in comparison to traditional postoperative feeding regimen. Method: This prospective study enrolled 95 patients randomized in two groups: control group patients receive enteral feeding in absence of nausea or vomiting, abdominal distension and after passage of flatus or stools, while patients in experimental group were fed a liquid diet within 12 hours of surgery, followed by a regular diet at the next meal. The primary endpoint was the impact of early oral feeding on hospital length of stay. The secondary endpoint was to measure the impact of the diet reintroduction modality on the incidence of early postoperative morbidity and return of bowel function. Result: Length of hospital stay was slightly diminished in the experimental group compared to control (8,78±3,85 versus 9,41±5,22), but the difference was not statistically significant. Postoperative nausea and vomiting were reported in 24 (51,0%) patients in experimental group and 30 (62,5%) in control group. Only one patient required nasogastric tube insertion. The majority of patients did not demonstrate any postoperative morbidity in both groups. Conclusion: Early enteral nutrition is safe after intestinal surgery. However we did not demonstrate that early enteral feeding diminished length of hospital stay or hastened the return of bowel function.