The world today is built on energy. Every process, whether industrial or civil, from the moment one awakes in the morning all throughout the day and into the late night, is fuelled by energy. There is an energy consumption going on twentyfour hours, every day of the year (IEA, 2017). The traditional energy mix (coal, gas, oil) has been used up to now with disrupting effects on our planet. In order to stay in the sustainable development concept, the demand for energy will be optimally met with renewable energies (RE), so to also keep the global temperatures under 2°C or even 1.5°C, if ambitious measures are used (IPCC, 2011).The focus of this study is on the Association of South East Nations (ASEAN), because it has an unexploited potential to increase the usage of RE, due the fact that the region has over 140 million in population without access the electricity (Shi, 2016, IEA, 2017). The region is also still developing its energy infrastructure and decides on energy road maps for the next couple of years (Zamora, n.d., Brahim, 2014, Alison Riddell, Steve Ronson, Glenn Counts, n.d., Renner et al., 2018). Thus, this is the right time to research why ASEAN has not yet implemented more RE into its nations.The paper will explore the experts perceptions on the RE implementations in ASEAN as well as how does the government regulation and policy structures involve in the renewable energy implementation. To provide a better understanding of the impacts in the implementation phase of RE in ASEAN, the PESTEL framework helps to analyse the area on a macro level from six different perspectives. This framework will also help to identify and give suggestions to overcome several obstacles that have emerged in the implementation of RE in ASEAN.

During 2012-2016, students with disabilities (SWDs) in Grades 3-5 in an urban elementary school in New York City did not meet the New York State English Language Arts (ELA) standards. The scores had been consistently low for SWDs when compared to their nondisabled peers. SWDs are placed in the inclusion classrooms with an Individual Education Plan that consists of the necessary accommodations that each student requires to access the general education curriculum. The purpose of this case study was to determine if the low ELA test scores for SWDs relate to lack of collaborative practices between coteachers in the inclusion classroom, and to answer the primary research question of how coteachers collaborate to implement students' Individual Educational Plans and devise instructional strategies to accommodate SWDs. Cook and Friend's conceptual framework was used for this study because it directly supports collaboration and coteaching. A purposeful sampling was used to select 4 coteacher pairs (1 special education teacher and 1 general education teacher) from Grades 3-5. Qualitative data were collected from open-ended interviews and lesson plans were analyzed by using provisional and pattern coding. Four major themes emerged from the analysis: coteachers' strategies used when planning lessons for SWDs, classroom accommodation for SWDs, coteachers' instructional strategies, and collaborative relationship in inclusion classroom. The study findings positively influence social change by showing coteachers' need for ongoing professional development that provides effective instructional strategies and collaborative practices for teaching SWDs, with the goal of increasing the percentage of SWDs who meet the ELA state standards.

Communication is vital to improve patient care outcomes, especially with high acuity patients. Pregnant patients differ from other patient populations because their care involves 2 entities: the patient (mother-to-be) and her unborn fetus. There has been a noted gap in communication and care collaboration between the emergency department (ED) and obstetric (OB) teams at the project site, resulting in delays for patients and lack of appropriate maternal/fetal assessment and contributing negatively to patients' experiences. Using transitions theory and the Rosswurm and Larrabee model, a clinical practice guideline (CPG) inclusive of an obstetrically focused algorithm was developed and presented for use as a communication and care collaboration tool. The implications of this project for nursing practice and positive social change include improved communication and care collaboration at an interdepartmental level when this high acuity patient population presents to the ED for care. The CPG was presented at 3 discussion sessions with 51 administrators, managers, educators, and/or charge nurses from the ED and OB departments of the project site. Overall, nurses reacted positively to the practice guideline and barriers were identified. A qualitative descriptive design was used for this project. Examples of codes identified included 'only 1 portable fetal monitor' and 'new ED nurses don't know whom to call.' From the codes, 3 categories surfaced: (a) education, (b) prioritization, and (c) equipment; and 1 theme emerged: preimplementation needs. The potential impact on pregnant patients who present to the ED after this CPG is fully implemented might be to reduce delays in the ED, ensure patient safety, and improve patients' experiences.

Outdoor recreation is a robust pillar of local, state, and national economies as well as a critical component of residents’ quality of life. Recognition of the economic power of the outdoor industry, fused with the growing desire for greater outdoor recreation opportunities, has inspired more than 11 states to establish state offices of outdoor recreation. The organizational structure and mission of each office is tailored to each state, varying from temporary task forces, councils, and commissions to more permanent offices or advisory positions. These offices, though embedded within various sectors of state government, often coordinate across or blend the functions of economic development, tourism, and land management, ultimately providing innovative opportunities for collaboration. While the state offices universally seek to develop the outdoor recreation economy, that economy fundamentally relies on access to natural landscapes, the vast majority of which are managed by the federal land management agencies in the Department of Interior and the Department of Agriculture. The purpose of this study is to explore how these state offices have evolved and now operate, including their formation, goals and programs, internal organization and resources, and external partnerships. Through comprehensive interviews with each office’s leadership, our research provides a baseline understanding of the role of these new offices and addresses their partnerships at the local, state, and federal levels. I discuss challenges each office has faced, best practices, and recommendations for future collaboration. The findings of this research will better inform the National Park Service and other federal land management agencies on opportunities to support shared recreation and conservation goals. Together, the newly created state offices of outdoor recreation and the stewards of their public lands can promote and enhance the economic, social, and environmental benefits of outdoor recreation.

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore how the police and the social services work to prevent youth crime. The aim of this study was also to explore how the police and the social service collaborate with each other in the work that they do with youth crime and also to explore which factors are obstelcos and which are considered as success factors in the collaboration between the two authorities. In this study we used a qualitative method in which six interviewers with the police and social services were performed. The result of this study showed that the police and the social service collaborate with each other in many ways, for example in different forums where they can exchange information. The result of the study also showed that there can be some obstacles in the way of the two authorities' collaboration for example the secrecy law, lack of time, lack of understanding for each other's work and lack of communication. The success factors were identified as good comunicacion, an open dialog, an understanding of each other's work and common goals. The result also showed that both authorities are working preventively with youth crime in many ways. Some of the efforts are made on a general level while some are more selective.

The aim of this study was to examine social workers' experiences of internal collaboration in the work with women who are exposed to domestic violence, in order to get more knowledge about conditions for internal collaboration in organizations that are specialized. The study was conducted by qualitative research through semi-structured interviews in two middle-sized and two small-sized municipalities. Seven social workers were interviewed. Three of them are working with drug abuse, two of them are working with domestic violence and one of them is working with financial aid. The results show that the internal collaboration between social workers are working fairly well but there exists both obstacles and opportunities in the work with women who are victims of violence. The social workers describe that collaboration is very important in the work with women who are exposed to violence since they are in need of help from different social workers in the same organization. Result shows that social workers often cooperate in three different ways; daily/informal collaboration, formalized collaboration and shared efforts. Economy/budget, lack of understanding, different approaches, ”downpipes thoughts' ' and different assessments were described as obstacles in internal collaboration. Opportunities that have been identified are a good relationship, consensus and geographical closeness. The result also shows that the descriptions about internal collaboration can be understood in relation to New Public Management (NPM) and Street-Level bureaucracy. Result shows that NPM has brought several obstacles like ”downpipes thoughts”, geographical distance and separated budgets. The municipalities require collaboration which can be related to NPM in the shape of goal accomplishment since there are no clearly formalized routines for what the collaboration should look like. In conclusion this study shows that social workers are in need of discretion to find individual solutions to women's problems which can be understood in relation to Street-Level bureaucracy.

The aim with this study was to develop a greater understanding of how the collaboration process between school and social services takes place with the purpose to enable the students chances for a good education, as well as a better understanding regarding how each participant sees the collaboration. To study this a qualitative method has been used when we interviewed four workers from the schools “elevhälsa” and four professionelles from the social services. The empiricism has been interpreted from a hermeneutics perspective and in the analyses linked with Malcolm Paynes systems theory. In the discussion the result has been compared with previous studies. Our results show that the respondents believes that a collaboration between social services and school is important and necessary in the process of helping a student with its problematic schooling. It also appears that a collaboration process is not always easy and can have some complications. The results show that the factors that affect a collaboration the most are each participants scope for action as well as the communication between the participants during the process.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間･環境学) / 甲第20774号 / 人博第836号 / 新制||人||201(附属図書館) / 29||人博||836(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻 / (主査)教授 田地野 彰, 教授 桂山 康司, 准教授 高橋 幸, 教授 柳瀬 陽介 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

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