Authors: Mikaela Andersson & Louise Petersson Suporvisor: Dan Halvarsson Examiner: Åsa Devine Title: Lost in translation - A qualitative study regarding the translation process of social media activities Keywords: Social media, Translation process, KPIs, Qualitative metrics, Quantitative metrics, Data collection, Data analysis Background: Social media as marketing tools have created many opportunities for marketers and companies that want to increase the social media use. However, the vast amount of data has generated many question marks, so there is a great need to understand how the translation process of social media activities is proceeding to have the ability to understand the effectiveness of the activities. Purpose: The purpose is to describe the translation process regarding the evaluation of social media activities. Research Question: How is the translation process described concerning social media activities? Methodology: The research is founded upon a qualitative approach with a descriptive purpose. It includes multiple-case studies and the data was collected through six semi-structured interviews. The result was derived by descriptions, categorizations and combination of the data. Conclusion: Despite having a fairly stable process including KPIs, metrics, data collection and analysis, there is no general way of translating social media indicators. Every translation process is dependent upon whom the client is, and what the objectives are, so it is difficult to describe the process in detail. However, the above-mentioned process can be viewed as an overall approach.

An historical analysis of the solid waste management collection practices was undertaken. The analysis attempted to examine and evaluate the current private contract collection system which is being used by the City, and to determine whether the City needs to convert to a public collection system. Based on the findings of the study, the writer recommended that the City of Daytona Beach should go into public collection.

A wide variety of information or 'metadata' is required when undertaking dendrochronological sampling. Traditionally, researchers record observations and measurements on field notebooks and/or paper recording forms, and use digital cameras and hand-held GPS devices to capture images and record locations. In the lab, field notes are often manually entered into spreadsheets or personal databases, which are then sometimes linked to images and GPS waypoints. This process is both time consuming and prone to human and instrument error. Specialised hardware technology exists to marry these data sources, but costs can be prohibitive for small scale operations (>$2000 USD). Such systems often include proprietary software that is tailored to very specific needs and might require a high level of expertise to use. We report on the successful testing and deployment of a dendrochronological field data collection system utilising affordable off-the-shelf devices ($100-300 USD). The method builds upon established open source software that has been widely used in developing countries for public health projects as well as to assist in disaster recovery operations. It includes customisable forms for digital data entry in the field, and a marrying of accurate GPS location with geotagged photographs (with possible extensions to other measuring devices via Bluetooth) into structured data fields that are easy to learn and operate. Digital data collection is less prone to human error and efficiently captures a range of important metadata. In our experience, the hardware proved field worthy in terms of size, ruggedness, and dependability (e.g., battery life). The system integrates directly with the Tellervo software to both create forms and populate the database, providing end users with the ability to tailor the solution to their particular field data collection needs.

The following research records the functionality of collections of wealthy individuals in an effort to clarify the current system of collection categorization. Although many functions were indeed possible, this research will be restricted to the discussion of collections in which objects reveal the collector’s devotional, social, and intellectual curiosity. These classifications reflect the most prevalent themes initiated by my research on collections of royal and affluent collectors during the Early Modern Period, and as such are the three most rational means of discussing collections as functional, working, tools.

The Linear Discrete Method (LDM; SIMMEL 2000; SIMMEL ET AL. 2000) is used to solve the Stochastic Collection Equation (SCE) numerically. Comparisons are made to the Method of Moments (MOM; TzIVION ET AL. 1999) which is suggested as a reference for numerical solutions of the SCE. Simulations for both methods are shown for the GoLOVIN kernel (for which an analytical solution is available) and the hydrodynamic kernel after LONG (1974) as it is used by TZIVION ET AL. (1999). Different bin resolutions are investigated and the simulation times are compared. In addition, LDM simulations using the hydrodynamic kernel after BÖHM (1992b) are presented. The results show that for the GoLOVIN kernel, LDM is slightly closer to the analytic solution than MOM. For the LONG kernel, the low resolution results of LDM and MOM are of similar quality compared to the reference solution. For the BÖHM kernel, only LDM simulations were carried out which show good correspondence between low and high resolution results. / Die lineare diskrete Methode (LDM; SIMMEL 2000; SIMMEL ET AL. 2000) wird dazu benutzt, die Gleichung für stochastisches Einsammeln (stochastic collection equation, SCE) numerisch zu lösen. Dabei werden Vergleiche gezogen zur Methode der Momente (Method of Moments, MOM; TzIVION ET AL. 1999), die als Referenz für numerische Lösungen der SCE vorgeschlagen wurde. Simulationsrechnungen für beide Methoden werden für die Koaleszenzfunktion nach GoLOVIN (für die eine analytische Lösung existiert) und die hydrodynamische Koaleszenzfunktion nach LONG (1974) wie sie von TZIVION ET AL. (1999) verwendet wird, gezeigt. Verschiedene Klassenauflösungen werden untersucht und die Simulationszeiten verglichen. Zusätzlich werden LDM-Simulationen mit der hydrodynamischen Koaleszenzfunktion nach BÖHM (1992b) gezeigt. Die Ergebnisse für die Koaleszenzfunktion nach GoLOVIN zeigen, daß die LDM der analytischen Lösung etwas näher kommt als MOM. Für die Koaleszenzfunktion nach LONG sind die Ergebnisse von LDM und MOM mit niedriger Auflösung von ähnlicher Qualität verglichen mit der Referenzlösung. Für die Koaleszenzfunktion nach BÖHM wurden nur Simulationen mit der LDM durchgeführt, die eine gute Übereinstimmung der Ergebnisse mit niedriger und hoher Auflösung zeigen.

Collecting data from sensor nodes to designated sinks is a common and challenging task in a wide variety of wireless sensor network (WSN) applications, ranging from animal monitoring to security surveillance. A number of approaches exploiting sink mobility have been proposed in recent years: some are proactive, in that sensor nodes push their read- ings to storage nodes from where they are collected by roaming mobile sinks, whereas others are reactive, in that mobile sinks pull readings from nearby sensor nodes as they traverse the sensor network. In this thesis, we point out that deciding which data collection approach is more energy-efficient depends on application characteristics, includ- ing the mobility patterns of sinks and the desired latency of collected data. We introduce novel adaptive data collection schemes that are able to automatically adjust to changing sink visiting patterns or data requirements, thereby significantly easing the deployment of a WSN. We illustrate cases where combining proactive and reactive modes of data collection is particularly beneficial. This motivates the design of TwinRoute, a novel hybrid algorithm that can flexibly mix the two col- lection modes at appropriate levels depending on the application sce- nario. Our extensive experimental evaluation, which uses synthetic and real-world sink traces, allows us to identify scenario characteristics that suit proactive, reactive or hybrid data collection schemes. It shows that TwinRoute outperforms the pure approaches in most scenarios, achiev- ing desirable tradeoffs between communication cost and timely delivery of sensor data.

Two different methods are used to solve the stochastic collection equation (SCE) numerically. They are called linear discrete method (LDM) and bin shift method (BSM), respectively. Conceptually, both of them are similar to the well-known discrete method (DM) of Kovetz and Olund. For LDM and BSM, their concept is extended to two prognostic moments. Therefore, the \"splitting factors\" (which are constant in time for DM) become time-dependent for LDM and BSM. Simulations are shown for the Golovin kernel (for which an analytical solution is available) and the hydrodynamic kernel after Hall. Different bin resolutions and time steps are investigated. As expected, the results become better with increasing bin resolution. LDM and BSM do not show the anomalous dispersion which is a weakness of DM. / Es werden zwei verschiedene Methoden zur numerischen Lösung der \"Gleichung für stochastisches Einsammeln\" (stochastic collection equation, SCE) vorgestellt. Sie werden als Lineare Diskrete Methode (LDM) bzw. Bin Shift Methode (BSM) bezeichnet. Konzeptuell sind beide der bekannten Diskreten Methode (DM) von Kovetz und Olund ähnlich. Für LDM und BSM wird deren Konzept auf zwei prognostische Momente erweitert. Für LDM und BSM werden die\" Aufteil-Faktoren\" (die für DM zeitlich konstant sind) dadurch zeitabhängig. Es werden Simulationsrechnungen für die Koaleszenzfunktion nach Golovin (für die eine analytische Lösung existiert) und die hydrodynamische Koaleszenzfunktion nach Hall gezeigt. Verschiedene Klassenauflösungen und Zeitschritte werden untersucht. Wie erwartet werden die Ergebnisse mit zunehmender Auflösung besser. LDM und BSM zeigen nicht die anomale Dispersion, die eine Schwäche der DM ist.

Dried blood spots is an alternative method to collect blood samples from research subjects. However, little is known about how hemoglobin and hematocrit affect bead-based multiplex assay performance. The purpose of this study was to determine how bead-based multiplex assays perform when analyzing dried blood spot samples. A series of four experiments outline the study each with a specific purpose. A total of 167 subject samples were collected and 92 different biomarkers were measured. Median fluorescence intensity results show a positive correlation between filtered and non-filtered samples. Utilizing a smaller quantity of sample results in a positive correlation to a larger sample. Removal of hemoglobin from the dried blood spot sample does not increase detection or concentration of biomarkers. Of the 92 different biomarkers measured 56 were detectable in 100-75% of the attempted samples. We conclude that blood biomarkers can be detected using bead-based multiplex assays. In addition, it is possible to utilize a smaller quantity of sample while avoiding the use of the entire sample, and maintaining a correlation to the total sample. While our method of hemoglobin was efficient it also removed the biomarkers we wished to analyze. Thus, an alternative method is necessary to determine if removing hemoglobin increases concentration of biomarkers. More research is necessary to determine if the biomarkers measured in this study can be measured over time or within an experimental model.

I became interested in Marcel Duchamp's work at an early stage of my art history studies. His then most important piece, The Bride Stripped Bare by her Bachelors, Even, particularly fascinated me and I wished to understand the complexity of the work itself. I also wanted to learn more about the personality and psyche of this artist.For several years I lived in Philadelphia, and spent many Sunday afternoons in the Philadelphia Museum of Art studying, evaluating and appreciating Duchamp's works which can be found in the Arensberg Collection. I obtained Richard Hamilton's translation of the Green Box1 and used it as Duchamp wished--reading it along with a visual study of The Bride Stripped Bare.During my residence in Philadelphia and, shortly after his death, Duchamp's final work was unveiled. Upon further study of his total work and the writings about him, I experienced in several dimensions the message of his art and felt that this new writing, this thesis, needed to be done. I could not accept the frustration, castration, negation, and non-aesthetic that was read into his work by many critics. Duchamp was a revolutionary in art, yes--but there was an erotic joy, a sensuous aesthetic sensitivity to his form, be it created or found, and a continuous desire on his part to extend man's aesthetic awareness to new areas of life experience.This thesis presents a critical re-evaluation of Marcel Duchamp's two works: first, The Bride Stripped Bare by her Bachelors, Even; and secondly, Etant Donnés: 1° la chute d'eau, 2° le gaz d'éclairage, which is the concern of chapter two.Because of the nature of these two works of art, it was necessary to discuss and analyse iconographically, in chapter one, various other works -- following their development and recurrences as symbolic images. Several statements by writers and critics are also re-evaluated, mainly those referring to an erotic pessimism reflected in Duchamp's work.An important guide line for this study has been the Green Box. It, along with other writings and staements, revels Duchamp as a sensitive, highly intellectual artist ready for constant changes. From the material within the Green Box is woven the thread for the final content -- the positive, erotic message and the aesthetic experience.1 Duchamp saved all of the notes, sketches, and drawings related to The Bride Stripped Bare in a green box, which he later published, titled the Green Box. A typographic version of the notes, translated by George Heard Hamilton, was prepared by Richard Hamilton, titled The Bride Stripped Bare by her Bachelors, Even (London: Percy Lund, Humphries and Co. Ltd., 1960).

In Western Europe during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, collections were created as repositories of art, technology, ethnographic curiosities and natural wonders. Collecting first became a widespread practice among Italian humanists of the late Renaissance who, influenced by the work of Pliny, were driven by the desire to understand the world through the acquisition of universal knowledge. The physical configuration of such encyclopedic projects could be found in the museums created to organize and assimilate the explosion of knowledge experienced during this period.This thesis addresses the social significance of accumulating an encyclopedic collection in the form of a large, public art museum at the turn of the twentieth century, discusses the Rudolfine Kunstkammer contextualized in a broad history of collecting prior to and including the Renaissance and compares the Metropolitan Museum of Art to the Kunstkammer in terms of how similarly or differently the collections communicated a combination of political, social, economic and cultural power.