<p>The aim of this thesis was to answer a number of questions about the environmental consequences of aircraft de-icing. A further aim was to suggest how the environmental consequences due to the release of de-icing fluids can be measured and reduced.</p><p>The main impact of the aircraft de-icing on the environment is due to the large oxygen demand for the degradation of glycol based de-icing fluids which are released in the environment. The effect of the increase in oxygen demand depends on where the degradation occurs in the ecosystem. In a sensitive ecosystem, the large demand of oxygen could provide an anaerobic environment which would be harmful for many types of organisms.</p><p>In order to reduce the negative effects of the applied de-icing fluid, there is some type of collection system at every regular airport in Sweden. The methods of collection can be divided into two general groups, hydrological isolation or vacuum sweeper trucks. When the area used for hydrological isolation is relatively small it is called a central de-icing pad. This thesis investigates which methods are being used at 16 of the Swedish airports with the most intense de-icing activity. Of all of these airports, only one does not use vacuum sweeper trucks. Six of the airports use central de-icing pads and five use hydrological isolation of a larger area. The investigation of the efficiency of each method showed no significant differences. This is due to the lack of accurate measurements and that different measurement methods are employed at different airports.</p><p>This thesis also examines which methods for measuring the efficiency are being used, their weaknesses and what alternatives methods are available. Suggestions are also given to minimize the environmental consequences of aircraft de-icing, taken into account both leakage of the de-icing fluid and its judicious use.</p><p>The case study of Stockholm-Bromma Airport includes a more detailed investigation of the de-icing activities and a rough mass balance is established. The aim of establisheing the mass balance is to determine the extent of collection of the de-icing fluids, their runoff to the storm water system or arrival at a diffuse sink. The results show that even if the collection is low, only a small part of the de-icing fluids reaches the storm water system. A relatively large part goes to the diffuse sinks where the de-icing fluids degrade on the soil surface or percolate into the soil. In the case study there is also an investigation of the probable impacts on the surrounding environment due to aircraft de-icing at Stockholm-Bromma Airport and suggestions are made how to reduce the impact.</p> / <p>Det primära syftet med examensarbetet har varit att besvara ett antal frågeställningar om flygplansavisningens miljöpåverkan. Frågeställningar som behandlar hur flygplansavisningens miljöpåverkan kan uppskattas/mätas samt reduceras.</p><p>Den miljöpåverkan flygplansavisningen ger upphov till består främst av den syreförbrukning som orsakas vid nedbrytningen av den använda, glykolbaserade avisningsvätskan. Hur stor denna miljöbelastning blir beror till stor del av var nedbrytningen äger rum. I känsliga ekosystem ger syreförbrukningen upphov till syrefattiga miljöer vilket många organismer missgynnas av.</p><p>För att reducera de negativa effekter som använd avisningsvätska kan ge upphov till sker på alla svenska reguljära flygplatser ett tillvaratagande av den använda avisningsvätskan. Uppsamlingsmetoderna som används kan uppdelas i två huvudprinciper. Den ena är att området där avisning sker begränsas hydrologiskt och den andra metoden är uppsamling med ”vakuum-sugbil”. Den hydrologiska avgränsningen kan göras för ett mindre område och benämns då som en stationär avisningsyta. Examensarbetet utreder vilka uppsamlingsmetoder för avisningsvätska som används på 16 av de svenska flygplatserna med mest avisningsaktivitet. Vid de undersökta flygplatserna används ”vakuum-sugbil” på alla utom en. På sex av flygplatserna används stationära avisningsplatser och större avgränsade områden för uppsamling finns vid fem flygplatser. Ingen signifikant skillnad i effektivitet (uppsamlingsgrad) kunde påvisas mellan de olika uppsamlingsmetoderna. Anledningen till detta kan ligga i att mätmetoderna skiljer sig mellan de olika flygplatserna och att det är mycket svårt att mäta eller uppskatta effektiviteten.</p><p>Examensarbetet utreder även vilka mätmetoder som används, deras svagheter samt alternativ till dessa. Förslag ges även till allmänna åtgärder för att minimera flygplansavisningens miljöpåverkan ur såväl utsläppssynpunkt som för resursåtgång.</p><p>En fallstudie av Stockholm-Bromma flygplats ger en betydligt djupare utredning än för övriga flygplatser och en grov massbalans upprättas för den använda glykolen. Massbalansen upprättas för man ska kunna avgöra hur stora mängder av den använda avisningsvätskan som samlas upp, lämnar flygplatsen via dagvattennätet eller når diffusa sänkor. Resultaten visar att även om uppsamlingsgraden är liten är belastningen på dagvattennätet ringa. En stor andel når de s.k. diffusa sänkorna och bryts ner på markytan eller perkolerar ner genom marken.</p><p>I fallstudien utreds även den troliga påverkan på vattenrecipienter och omkringliggande närmiljö. Förslag ges även på hur man på bästa sätt skall reducera den miljöpåverkan som den använda avisningsvätskan ger upphov till.</p>

The growing popularity of various Web 2.0 media has created massive amounts of user-generated content such as online reviews, blog articles, shared videos, forums threads, and wiki pages. Such content provides insights into web users' preferences and opinions, online communities, knowledge generation, etc., and presents opportunities for many knowledge discovery problems. However, several challenges need to be addressed: data collection procedure has to deal with unique characteristics and structures of various Web 2.0 media; advanced data selection methods are required to identify data relevant to specific knowledge discovery problems; interactions between Web 2.0 users which are often embedded in user-generated content also need effective methods to identify, model, and analyze. In this dissertation, I intend to address the above challenges and aim at three types of knowledge discovery tasks: (data) collection, selection, and investigation. Organized in this "CSI" framework, five studies which explore and propose solutions to these tasks for particular Web 2.0 media are presented. In Chapter 2, I study focused and hidden Web crawlers and propose a novel crawling system for Dark Web forums by addressing several unique issues to hidden web data collection. In Chapter 3 I explore the usage of both topical and sentiment information in web crawling. This information is also used to label nodes in web graphs that are employed by a graph-based tunneling mechanism to improve collection recall. Chapter 4 further extends the work in Chapter 3 by exploring the possibilities for other graph comparison techniques to be used in tunneling for focused crawlers. A subtree-based tunneling method which can scale up to large graphs is proposed and evaluated. Chapter 5 examines the usefulness of user-generated content in online video classification. Three types of text features are extracted from the collected user-generated content and utilized by several feature-based classification techniques to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed text-based video classification framework. Chapter 6 presents an algorithm to identify forum user interactions and shows how they can be used for knowledge discovery. The algorithm utilizes a bevy of system and linguistic features and adopts several similarity-based methods to account for interactional idiosyncrasies.

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Bakalauro darbo pirmame skyriuje analizuojami du pradai – priešybės ir vienybės, jų pasireiškimas įvairiais aspektais, nagrinėjamas psichologų, filosofų, požiūris į dviejų vienas kitam priešingų energijų raišką per gėrio ir blogio, moteriškumo ir vyriškumo prizmę bei kokiu būdu priešybių vienybė pasireiškia politikoje, sociume, mene. Tyrinėjama Rytų kultūra, pastebėti joje išskiriami In ir Jang pradai, kurie egzistuoja ne tik Rytų kultūroje, bet ir visose gyvenimo srityse. Antrame skyriuje pateikiamos ir analizuojamos priešpriešų ir vienovės interpretacijos literatūroje, skulptūroje, fotografijoje, aprangoje. Aprašoma, kad skirtingose meno srityse priešybių vienybė suvokiama ir aiškinama panašiai. Trečiajame skyriuje aprašoma sukurtos drabužių kolekcijos įvykdymo eiga, pateikiami sukurti drabužių modelių eskizai priešybių ir vienybių tema, technologiniai mėginiai, projektai, pristatymo parengimas, pateikiama fotosesija. Atsižvelgiant į priešingų energijų charakteristikas, parinktas tam tikras kolekcijos ansamblių toninis ir spalvinis sprendimas, drabužių forma, konstrukciniai sprendimai labiausiai padedantys atskleisti idėją... Kolekcijoje naudojamos trikotažo, atlaso medžiagos bei sukurta technologija – avolonas. Darbe pristatomą kolekciją „Priešybių vienybė“ sudaro 18 vyriškų ir moteriškų drabužių ansamblių projektų, keturi pasiūti modeliai. Ketvirtame skyriuje drabužių kolekcija siejama su verslumu, aprašomos galimos stiprybės, silpnybės, grėsmės bei galimybės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The second part of the bachelor thesis deals with the interpretations of inverses and unities in literature, sculpture, photography and clothing. In addition, unity of inverses may be explained in the same way concerning different branches of art. The fulfillment process of the collection of clothing is described in the third part of the present paper, i.e. the sketches of the clothing models in the theme of inverses and unities, technological samples, projects, preparation of presentation and photo session are presented. Concerning the characteristics of the inverse energies, the exact tonic and chromatic decision of the collection ensemble, the shape of clothing, constructional decisions emphasizing the idea of unity of inverses are chosen. There has been used the fabric of stockinet, satin in the clothing collection, and technology of yarns is established as well. Moreover, the collection of "The Unity of Inverses" presented in the bachelor thesis consists of 18 masculine and feminine clothing ensemble projects and 4 stitched models. The fourth part of the bachelor thesis deals with the connection of the clothing collection with enterpreneurship, and the description of possible strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities. Also, the expenditures for realization of clothing collection are presented.

Bakalauro darbe analizuojamos tatuiruotės: jų istorija, ypatumai pasaulio kultūroje, bei visuomenės grupių požiūris į jas bei jų keliamas problemas, jų atspindžiai šiuolaikiniame mene, siekiant geriau susipažinti su šiuo reiškiniu ir jį panaudoti kuriamoje drabužių kolekcijoje. Rašomame darbe gilinamasi į tatuiruočių kilmę ir reikšmes norint suvokti kokio senumo šio meno ištakos ir kiek pakito tatuiruočių paskirtis ir požiūris į tai. Teorinėje medžiagoje analizuojama tatuiruočių paplitimo priežastis šiuolaikinėje visuomenėje. Taip pat šiame darbe pateikiamos jų interpretacijos madoje (aprangoje), interjere ir kitose meno srityse. Atidžiau pažvelgus į tatuiruočių pasaulį, matome jog jame yra niuansų, dėl kurių visuomenėje tai nėra itin sparčiai paplitęs reiškinys. Jų ilgaamžiškumas atbaido daugelį žmonių visą gyvenimą nešioti pasirinktą piešinį, be greitos ir paprastos galimybės jį pašalinti. Įsigilinusi į šią tatuiruotės problemą, radau jai sprendimą, paskatinusį mane šia tema sukurti drabužių kolekciją. Skirtingai nei tatuiruotes, rūbus mes galime pasikeisti, todėl dėl šios savo paprastos savybės drabužiai patys padiktuoja problemos sprendimą. Išlaikydama visas tatuiruočių charakteristikas, sugalvojau perkelti jas ant rūbų taip panaikindama jų ilgaamžiškumo aspektą. Kolekcijos rūbai yra klubinės tematikos - jaunatviški ir spinduliuojantys seksualumu, įmantrių kirpimų, tačiau neužgožiantys svarbiausio akcento - pačių tatuiruočių, suformuotų iš odos ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Bachelor's analysis of Tattoos: their history and characteristics of world culture, and society views them and their challenges, their reflections in contemporary art, to become better acquainted with this phenomenon and its use in the emerging clothing collection. This work is focused on the origin of tattoos and meanings in order to understand how this old art and the origins of tattooing has changed as far as the purpose and approach to it. The theoretical material is analyzing causes of the prevalence of tattooing in modern society. Additionally in this work interpretations of fashion (clothing), interior and other arts are presented.      In the detailed analysis of the tattoo, we can see that there are nuances, of which in the society it is not very fast phenomenon. Their longevity discourages many people to wear life-choice design, without ability to remove it. I thought about this tattoo issue, and I found a decision, which led me to the topic of a collection of clothes. Unlike tattoos, we can change clothing, and because of this simple feature of the clothes, they are solution by themselves. While maintaining all the characteristics of the tattoo, I moved them on the clothes.    Collection of clothes is a club theme - young and emitting sexuality, fancy styles, and bringing the most important thing - the tattoo, made of the leather and factured textiles. This interpretation is very close to the real tattoo characteristics. Designed 20 achromatic coloring models of... [to full text]

<p>Collection development in academic libraries is going through technology-driven changes relating to the new information technologies ,e.g. -Electronic databases, the Internet and CD-ROM's, joint published materials and audio-visual resources. Libraries are also facing declining budgets and spiralling costs. This research project looked closely at what collection development is and the impact it has on service rendering to undergraduates at the University of the Western Cape. It is also aimed at establishing if the librarians that formulate these policies understand what they (Collection Development Policies) are, and what they should entail.</p>

Reden zur Präsentation der Edition "Die Leipziger Rektoratsreden 1871 - 1933 im Alten Senatssaal der Universität Leipzig. Die zweibändige Ausgabe erschien 2009 zum 600-jährigen Jubiläum der Universität im Verlag de Gruyter.

In this study, I will be applying Art historian Wolfgang Kemp’s theory of the aesthetics of reception as described in the article The Work of Art and Its Beholder: The Methodology of the Aesthetic of Reception (1998) to the Jon Rafman solo exhibition at Zabludowicz Collection in London (2015). A close study has been carried out on a selection of exhibition objects, as well as the exhibition space, to investigate how they address and interact with the beholder. An examination of Rafman’s art practice will also be disclosed. Throughout the study I will answer the following questions; How are the influences that inspired the exhibition, presented in the exhibition?, How do Jon Rafman’s installations at Zabludowicz Collection engage the beholder? And, how can the composition of the exhibition space be described?

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / Two recent trends have raised concerns about the security and stability of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. The first is a move to define standard interfaces and communications protocols in support of cross-vendor compatibility and modularity. The second is a move to connect nodes in a SCADA system to open networks such as the Internet. Recent failures of critical infrastructure SCADA systems highlight these concerns. To ensure continued operations in times of crisis, SCADA systems, particularly those operating in our critical infrastructure, must be secured. Developing an abstract generic framework for defining and understanding SCADA systems is a necessary first step. A framework can provide the tools to understand the system's functions and capabilities, and how components in the system relate and interface with each other. This thesis examines and describes SCADA systems, their components, and commonly used communications protocols. It presents a matrix approach to describing and defining the features, functions and capabilities of a SCADA system. Two small SCADA systems, using industry standard components and simulating real world applications, were designed and constructed for this thesis to provide context for applying the matrix approach. / Captain, United States Marine Corps