This thesis is based on ethnographic data collected across two Mormon congregations in the Republic of Ireland. I explore the experiences of a religious minority who are part of a wider society experiencing rapid religious and social change. Engaging with concepts of tradition, continuity, and change, this research explores how members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints experience their status as a minority religion in modern Ireland. As part of a growing number of new religious movements in Ireland, Mormonism represents a simultaneous continuation and rupture of Ireland’s previous religious traditions. This research suggests that a continuing influence of Catholicism in Irish society shapes Irish Mormon perceptions of self, of others, and of faith. Yet, by identifying with a religion which is viewed in Ireland as a ‘foreign’ faith, Irish Mormons represent a clear break with previous religious tradition. Irish Mormons’ relationship with Mormonism as a global religion also demonstrates the complexity of continuity and change within modern religion. This research shows that Irish Mormons reject what they perceive as an Americanisation of Mormonism and often emphasise the uniquely Irish nature of Mormonism in Ireland. Thus, Irish Mormons are adapting Mormon tradition into new forms far from the Mormon heartland of Utah. This research concludes that Mormons in Ireland utilise complex and interconnected understandings of tradition, community, and Irishness to create and maintain a minority religious identity in modern Ireland.

Essa dissertação analisa a construção da história e da memória da Fábrica de Ferro de São João de Ipanema, na região de Sorocaba, a partir do referencial teórico de R.G. Collingwood, o qual formulou a conhecida história de cola e tesoura, com o intuito de questionar escritas da história ou práticas historiográficas em que seus autores apenas trabalham de maneira acrítica com relatos já produzidos, recortados de fontes disponíveis ao pesquisador e selecionados a partir de operações de lógica formal: informações recorrentes no mesmo sentido são colados no texto e as informações discordantes são selecionadas, descartando-se a supostamente errada ou inexata. Além disso, também se usou a distinção entre memória, memória coletiva, história e esquecimento, presentes, sobretudo, nos trabalhos de Maurice Halbwachs Paul Ricoeur, bem como as noções de progresso e da historia magistra vitae, que aparecem sobretudo nos relatos produzidos no século XX. Esta Fábrica, que foi uma dos primeiros empreendimentos industriais do Brasil, cuja origem remonta ao século XVI, despertou o interesse de várias personalidades, como Pedro Taques, Martim Francisco, José Bonifácio, Vergueiro, Varnhagen e Calógeras, entre outros que escreveram sobre esse estabelecimento por diversas razões, em especial, para sustentar-se o pioneirismo de Ipanema em face de outras fábricas existentes em Minas Gerais, destacando, ademais, a intriga entre o primeiro diretor, o sueco Carl Gustav Hedberg e seu sucessor, Frederico Luis Guilherme Varnhagen. No século XX, esses relatos buscavam analisar os malogros da siderurgia nacional até a década de 1970, na intenção de obterem-se lições do passado. / This dissertation examines the construction of history and memory of the Fabrica de Ferro de São João de Ipanema, in Sorocaba, from the RG Collingwoods approach, who created the wellknown concept of scissors-and-paste\" history, in order to criticize historical writings or historiographical practices in which their authors work uncritically with produced reports, getting them from available sources to the researcher and selected from formal logic operations: similar information remain in the text and conflicting information are selected, discarding the supposedly wrong or inaccurate ones. A distintion among memory, collective memory, history and forgetting was made, present mainly in the work of Maurice Halbwachs Paul Ricoeur, and the concepts of progress and history magistra vitae, which appear mainly in the reports produced in the 20th Century. This plant, which was one of the first industrial activities in Brazil, whose origin was in the 16th Century, was object of interest of several people, like Peter Taques, Martim Francisco, Jose Bonifacio, Vergueiro, Varnhagen and Calógeras, among others who wrote about Ipanema for various reasons, in particular, to stress the pioneering of Ipanema in the face of other plants in Minas Gerais, noting, moreover, the conspiracy between the first Ipanemas Director, the Swedish Carl Gustav Hedberg and his successor, the German Frederico Luis Guilherme Varnhagen. In the 20th Century, these reports sought to examine the failures of the national steel industry until the 1970s, in order to get to lessons of the past.

Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2017-01-05T16:03:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LIGIA GUI¿ARDI CARDOSO.pdf: 706713 bytes, checksum: 0659604a30b7c10ae06db322d6ea30c5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-05T16:03:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LIGIA GUI¿ARDI CARDOSO.pdf: 706713 bytes, checksum: 0659604a30b7c10ae06db322d6ea30c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-24 / This dissertation has as objective performing a critical study of the work A Transcivilizational Perspective on International Law, by Onuma Yasuaki. By studying this work, it will be expanded the visions of world ordinations through three perspectives, which will allow a better understanding of international law and the issues that frighten humanity in twenty-first century world. At first a study will be made of that work, in order to present the main ideas revealed by Onuma Yasuaki. Then, it will be emphasized the cultural and historical aspects of humanity, including the concepts of civilization, collective memory and identity. Finally, it will be emphasized views of other researchers of international law, and their relationship with the view of the author studied. To perform this study, it will be used the dialectical method, adjusting conclusions based on bibliographic research. / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo a realização de um estudo crítico sobre o livro A Transcivilizational Perspective on International Law, de Onuma Yasuaki. Por meio do estudo desse exemplar, serão ampliadas as visões de ordenações mundiais por meio de três perspectivas, que permitirão uma melhor compreensão do Direito Internacional e das questões que sobressaltam a humanidade no mundo do século XXI. Em um primeiro momento, far-se-á um estudo da referida obra, procurando expor as ideias principais reveladas por Onuma Yasuaki. Após, serão salientados os aspectos culturais e históricos da humanidade, entre eles o conceito de civilização, a memória coletiva e as identidades. Finalmente, serão evidenciadas visões de outros estudiosos do Direito Internacional, e como essas se relacionam com a visão do autor estudado. Para a realização deste estudo, será utilizado o método dialético, valendo-se de construções baseadas em pesquisas bibliográficas.

Le présent travail met en lumière la dialectique des relations entre mémoire et politique par l’étude des processus de construction, négociation, diffusion, adoption et reproduction des représentations du passé soviétique dans la Russie postsoviétique. S’appuyant sur la multitude de sources hétérogènes véhiculant les représentations du passé soviétique, le travail révèle les raisons et les mécanismes de l’évolution de la mémoire du passé soviétique en Russie, ainsi que son rôle politique et social. Le travail démontre que la mémoire du passé soviétique a joué un rôle important dans la légitimation symbolique du pouvoir de Boris Eltsine et de Vladimir Poutine et dans la construction identitaire de la société russe postcommuniste, tout en soutenant le glissement progressif de la Russie vers un régime autoritaire. En effet, malgré des oppositions marquées entre les différents régimes politiques qui se sont succédé, la tradition d’un usage politique du passé perdure, le passé soviétique restant un enjeu de pouvoir majeur en Russie. Aussi bien à la fin de l’époque soviétique qu’au début des années 2000, le passé national a été entièrement réinterprété et reconstruit. Toutefois, la mémoire collective du passé soviétique représente également un cadre contraignant qui limite les choix institutionnels et les décisions du pouvoir. Dans la mesure où la mémoire est porteuse de références politiques, économiques et sociales, elle crée des effets de dépendance au sentier, favorisant la reproduction de schémas de fonctionnement politiques, économiques et sociaux hérités du passé soviétique. / The present work lays the emphasis on the dialectic relations between memory and politics by studying the processes of construction, negotiation, broadcasting, adoption and reproduction of the representations of the Soviet past in post-Soviet Russia. Based on various and heterogeneous sources conveying the images of the Soviet past, this work throws light upon the reasons and the mechanisms of the evolution of collective memory in the Soviet past as well as its political and social role. This work argues that the memory of the Soviet past played an important role in symbolically legitimating Boris Yeltsin's and Vladimir Putin's regimes as well as in forging post-Soviet identity, while strengthening the gradual shift toward an authoritarian regime. Despite numerous oppositions between the successive political regimes, making a political use of the past is an enduring tradition, the Soviet past remaining a major issue for those in office in Russia. Both in the late Soviet era and the early years 2000, the national past was entirely reinterpreted and reconstructed. However the collective memory of the Soviet past is also a binding framework restricting the institutional choices and the political decisions of political actors. Since collective memory is the expression of political, economic and social references, it produces path dependency effects, thereby fostering the reproduction of political, economic and social frameworks deep-rooted in the Soviet past.

La mémoire de la fuite et expulsion de plus de douze millions d’Allemands entre 1945 et 1950 connaît, depuis l’unification allemande, une nouvelle actualité : documentaires dans les médias depuis 2001, expositions nationales en 2005-2006 et surtout des débats qui semblent ne pas vouloir finir. Si ces débats sont souvent interprétés comme le signe du passage de cette mémoire du domaine communicatif au domaine culturel (Assmann), c’est-à-dire comme le signe de "négociations" attendues dès lors qu’il s’agit de la pérennisation et de l’institutionnalisation d’une mémoire de groupe au sein de la mémoire collective nationale, cette étude a précisément pour objectif d’interroger le fonctionnement de ce passage. Il s’agit de mettre à jour le (dis)cours, soit l’histoire, les formes discursives, les acteurs et les enjeux, politiques et identitaires, de cette recomposition mémorielle entre 1989 et 2005. Après une présentation du complexe historique et mémoriel de la fuite et expulsion avant 1989, l’étude discursive qualitative explore, en deux volets, les récits de mémoire privés dans les familles d’expulsés et le débat public dans la presse supra-régionale allemande entre 1989 et 2005. Elle met en évidence le rôle des médias et l’importance du critère générationnel dans les sphères privée comme publique, mais aussi la complexité des interactions mémorielles entre ces deux sphères avant d’élaborer un schéma de l’évolution du lieu de mémoire "fuite et expulsion" dans les quinze premières années suivant l’unification allemande. / Since the German reunification in 1990, the collective memory of the flight and expulsion of more than twelve millions Germans between 1945 and 1950 has become very topical again : several documentary films since 2001, two big exhibitions in 2005-2006 and above all long and controversial discussions have been largely commented in the press over the past twenty years. These debates are often interpreted as the sign of the evolution of this collective memory from a communicative to a cultural memory (Assmann), i.e. as a sign of the expected "negotiations" on its institutionalisation — not only in the group memory of the expelled people, but also in the German national memory. The aim of this research is thus to analyse precisely this evolution, i.e. the (dis)course of this difficult memory between 1989 and 2005, its history, forms and actors by paying attention to the implication of this memory discourse for German politics in Europe and for German national identity. After a presentation of the history and remembrance complex that was "flight and expulsion" before 1989, the study (a discourse analysis) explores, in two steps, the private memory stories in the families of German expellees and the public debate in the German national press between 1989 and 2005. The study points out the role of the media and the importance of the generational change both in the private and the public sphere, as well as the complicated interactions between the two levels. It then elaborates a scheme of how the memory of "flight and expulsion" evolved in the first fifteen years after the reunification.

Le 30 janvier 1972, dans la ville nord-irlandaise de Derry/Londonderry, treize personnes furent tuées par des soldats britanniques alors qu’elles participaient à une manifestation pour les droits civiques. Ce « Bloody Sunday » provoqua immédiatement des polémiques : les soldats affirmaient avoir répliqué à des tirs, ce que contestaient vigoureusement les civils. Le verdict de la première enquête publique, qui conclut en 1972 que les soldats avaient agi dans les règles, ne fut jamais accepté par les familles des victimes, qui lancèrent en 1992 une campagne réclamant une nouvelle enquête. En 1998, dans le contexte du processus de paix, le gouvernement britannique accéda à cette requête et créa l’enquête Saville. Le défi était grand : comment réécrire la mémoire officielle d’un événement aussi symbolique, alors que celui-ci avait déjà été intégré dans des mémoires collectives antagonistes et fortement enracinées ? Ce travail étudie l’enquête Saville à la lumière de trois grands concepts : la vérité, la justice et la mémoire. La vérité, car la découvrir était l’objectif premier de l’enquête. La justice, car une enquête publique, bien que n’étant pas un procès, la sert en rétablissant la confiance en l’Etat de droit et en accordant aux victimes une reconnaissance officielle. Enfin, la mémoire, car une tentative de réécrire la version officielle d’un tel événement se heurtait forcément aux mémoires collectives existantes : celles des communautés nationaliste et unioniste, mais aussi de l’Etat. Cette enquête chargée d’oeuvrer pour la réconciliation a donc du gérer les difficultés nées de ces relations étroites mais parfois conflictuelles entre vérité, justice et mémoire. / On January 30th, 1972, in the Northern Irish city of Derry/Londonderry, thirteen people who had been taking part in a civil rights demonstration were shot dead by British soldiers. This ‘Bloody Sunday’ immediately sparked controversy: the soldiers claimed they had fired in retaliation, which civilian witnesses categorically denied. In 1972, the conclusion of the first public inquiry that the soldiers had acted within the rules was rejected by the victims’ families, who launched a campaign demanding a new inquiry in 1992. In 1998, as the peace process was under way, the British government granted a second public inquiry, to be chaired by Lord Saville. This inquiry faced a major challenge: how could they rewrite the official memory of such a symbolic event, which had already been integrated into deeply entrenched, antagonistic collective memories? Three main concepts were used to study the Saville inquiry in this work: truth, justice and memory. Finding the truth was announced as one of the inquiries’ main objectives. Justice is also highly relevant, for even though the inquiry is not a trial, it does serve justice by restoring confidence in the rule of law and providing official recognition for the victims. Finally, the importance of memory is paramount, as any attempt to rewrite the official narrative of an event was bound to clash with existing collective memories: the collective memories of the nationalist and unionist communities, but also the official memory of the British state. Truth, justice and memory thus appear to be closely linked, but may also collide, making it difficult for the inquiry to reach the objective of bringing about reconciliation.

Ten Jewish second-generation men and women from metro Portland, Oregon were interviewed regarding growing up in the aftermath of the Holocaust. The American-born participants ranged in age from fifty-one to sixty-four years of age at the time of the interviews. Though the parents were deceased at the time of this study the working definition of a Holocaust survivor parent included those individuals who had been refugees or interned in a ghetto, labor camp, concentration camp, or extermination camp as a direct result of the Nazi Regime in Europe from 1933 to 1945. A descriptive phenomenological approach was utilized. Eight open-ended questions yielded ten unique perspectives. Most second-generation do not habitually inform others of their second-generation status. This is significant to conflict resolution as the effects of the Holocaust are trans-generational. The second-generation embody resilience and their combined emphasis was for all people to become as educated as possible.

This diploma thesis is focused on changes of perception of selected municipalities, which were affected by extermination action during the existence of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. Unlike Lidice and Ležáky, however, they are not so well-known today. For comparison, I chose five Moravian villages and settlements, of which Zákřov and Javoříčko lay in the Olomouc, Ploština, Prlov and Vařákovy paseky were in the area of Wallachia. The introductory part is devoted to the theory of memory, focusing on collective memory and memory space with inspiration from sociology and history authors. Namely Maurice Halbwachs, Pierre Nora, Jan Assmann and Miroslav Hroch in Czechia. This is followed by a chronological summary of historical developments in individual localities, from their origin, through their destruction to development after World War II. The main passage of this work is an overview of professional, non-fiction and, rarely, fictional literary sources and media sources that have created memory of these places since the end of World War II to the present day. These sources show a political and social shift between periods of time, including propaganda based on the omission of some information or the fabrication of ideologically burdened theories. It also includes a final comparison of...

日期符號事件近年來頻繁出現在台灣媒體文本中：大眾媒體以日期命名，讓數字符號在眾多論述中標誌相關事件。其中，「520」就是帶有濃厚政治意涵的媒體事件。這一日期符號在每四年一次報章的相關論述中，觸發了集體記憶、認同、與媒體儀式機制，以再現並形塑正副總統就職儀禮，也帶領閱聽眾一同參與和詮釋符號事件。 本文首先藉由520的時間結構分析，劃分出日常生活時刻與關鍵契機(kairos)的差異，彰顯特定時空情境閱聽眾的行動能力——及催生他們自成一個共同體的想像。其次，再藉由520儀式的象徵符號論述，探討在變遷時空背景下的國族想像轉變。 在現今開放性的文化中，520不僅是「言說的符號」也是「行動的身體」。閱聽眾運用520象徵符號連結相關的事件，也在儀式行動中確認符號的意義。所以，520兼備了此二特質，把空間情境、行為轉變隱藏在時間符號開展的過程裡。 綜上所述，本文以論述分析及儀式展演說明520符號的變遷，正是顯現520以人為命名方式，將行動的意圖包裝成讓閱聽眾記憶與見證的歷史，並引領閱聽眾以新時代的價值為名義，建構一個關於美好未來的國族想像。

本文針對國人長期存有的「仇韓情緒」進行研究，並認為這樣的社會集體記憶，一方面固然與台韓雙方長期以來的社會脈絡與歷史環境有關，但更重要的是媒體中介的結果，形成一種Hobsbawm所說的創制傳統。因此經由媒體下手，透過不同時期與不同報紙的運動衝突事件報導，進行資料蒐集分析佐以相關文本生產者訪談，希望勾勒出媒體在這波現象背後所扮演的角色。 　　大致上，從文本的分析後可以知曉，這種仇恨記憶是逐漸的被媒體創制出來，相較於第一時期（1983~1992年）對於韓國較具包容性並以事件為報導基礎，第二時期之後(1992~2010年)，媒體的呈現對衝突事件的追蹤或說明逐漸變少、情緒性的花絮或是形容詞變多，並將衝突事件與韓國或韓國人整體構連，出現明顯的仇視對象。此外，不同媒體在報導上也呈現不同的立場，顯示媒體在面對這類與韓國的衝突事件，並不是如此的單純呈現，有其特殊的考量存在。 　　研究中也發現，在媒體的框架產製過程中，組織的經營考量往往成為文本產製的最終考量，使得仇韓新聞框架以讀者為導向，以新聞商品為前提創制文本。這樣的媒體真實隨著時間的拉長，也逐漸的被認知為一種社會真實，與整個大環境結構變得相互生成，慢慢成為一種「被發明的傳統」，自然地存在於眾人的仇韓集體記憶中，等待下一次的觸發時機並且作為媒體可依歸的新聞商品固定產製公式。