The purpose of this essay is to look into how Jean Rhys describes the complexity of colonialism in the Caribbean and how it affected the colonized people and the European colonizers. Her novel Wide Sargasso Sea is considered to be a re-writing of Jane Eyre, but it also demonstrates social rankings and racial groupings in the colonial society. She does not only describe Mr. Rochester’s first wife, she also depicts the forbidden love story between Antoinette and her “coloured” cousin Sandi. The analysis will have a postcolonial approach by using postcolonial theory and concepts, for example, Said’s concept about the Other, Fanon’s ideas about the psychological effects on the oppressed and Bhabha’s theory about colonial mimicry.

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This study examines the role and implications of mimicry (Bhabha, 1994) and colonial trans-lation (Young, 2003) in Swedish adoption narratives. Through a deconstructive narrative analysis of three Swedish adoption texts: Längtansbarnen: Adoptivförädrar berättar [The Longed for/Longing Children: Adoptive parents tell their story] (Weigl, 1997), Adoption: Banden som gör oss till familj [Adoption: the ties that make us a family] (Juusela, 2010), and Gul Utanpå [Yellow on the Outside] (Lundberg, 2013); the study explores how mimicry manifests itself in adoption narratives, the process of the translation of the adoptee into a mimic Swede, and how the transnational/-racial adoptee as a mimic poses a threat, as mimicry turns to menace.The study finds that mimicry emerges as a process, where the adoptee is first desired as abody of difference that can become an almost the same Swede, a mimic Swede, while keeping an almost difference. A dual translation process takes place where the adoptee’s body is translated from a body of a difference that is total into a mimic Swede, while a version of Swedishness is translated onto the body. As a mimic, the adoptee communicates their (almost) sameness through an excessive, but limited version of Swedishness, while disavowing their difference.However, their difference is still visible, and continuously communicated through (mis)recognition by others. The adoptee’s mimicry is prone to turn into menace, where they pose a threat to the identity of the white Swede and meanings of white Swedishness.Key Words: Transnational/-racial Adoption; Mimicry; Colonial Translation; DeconstructiveNarrative Analysis; Sweden

在這篇研究阿蘭達蒂•洛伊《微物之神》之再現與踰越的論文中，筆者所要探討的主題有二，第一點旨在分析作者如何透過雙胞胎女孩的稚氣觀察去敘事，呈現出印度南方小鎮中，一家族興落的故事。筆者藉由霍米•巴巴的殖民學舌和含混將小說中的後殖民景狀加以探討；第二點以佳亞特麗•史碧娃克的第三世界女性觀點，探討小說中阿慕的踰越社會加諸於女性之限制。尤其在殖民後的印度，女性的角色並未因解殖民而提高或改善，故其跨越性別邊界及限制之舉，實為後殖民女性自覺與自我定位之肯定。 第一章筆者將阿蘭達蒂之生長背景及寫作過程作簡要之介紹。第二章筆者將後殖民印度之文學情況與阿蘭達蒂之寫作特色做一連結及闡述。第三章筆者提出霍米•巴巴之殖民學舌及含混敘述小說中重要之片段。第四章筆者以佳亞特麗•史碧娃克於文章「賤民能否發言？」中對第三世界女性所受之同質化等之不平對待，引出小說中作者所要表達的議題。以小說中阿慕為例，筆者闡述後殖民女性應有超越束縛之意識，並進而達成自我的定位。第五章，筆者對《微物之神》之標題做出自己之見解，並總論此篇研究所欲達到之景境。 / In the study of Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things, I focus on two essential aspects: representation and transgression. The first concern lies in the author’s linguistic and literary presentation that is closely related to Homi K. Bhabha’s colonial mimicry and hybridity in the novel. My second concern is related to Gayatri C. Spivak’s postcolonial feminist thoughts and Ammu’s transgressive behaviors. In the first chapter, I offer an epitome of the thesis. The themes of biology and transgression expressed by the author testify to the postcolonial tasks of demolishing the authorized norm and praising the indigenous aesthetics. The literary and sexual transgressions in and of the novel illustrate the abatement of confinements and the liberation of the mind and body. The second chapter of the thesis discusses literary issues in postcolonial India that are closely related to Arundhati Roy’s novel and writing. In the third chapter, I further develop Homi K. Bhabha’s theories of mimicry and hybridity that accentuate literary strategies in Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things. The fourth chapter has deeply explored on Gayatri C. Spivak’s postcolonial feminist thoughts and analyzed the transgressors that break up the social bonds in the novel. In the final chapter, I explain the novel’s title with the stress on indigenous aesthetics and the ensuing change of little discourse.

Le récit de création de Genèse 1,1–2,4a – récit d’introduction de la Bible hébraïque – n’a jamais cessé d’animer et de stimuler les esprits et a laissé une forte empreinte sur la culture populaire. En effet, malgré son histoire millénaire et sa pluie de commentaires, ce récit continue, encore de nos jours, à susciter des discussions et des débats sur des enjeux toujours plus pointus et complexes. Dans la foulée, l’objectif général de ce mémoire est de dégager et d’examiner une des dimensions moins explorées de ce récit, à savoir ses vestiges de royauté (divine) et, par extension, leur possible reconfiguration sacerdotale à la période postexilique. Pour y parvenir, des méthodes littéraires et historiques, notamment l’analyse narrative et l’histoire comparée, seront mises à profit tout au long du mémoire. Il s’agira, d’abord, d’investiguer la caractérisation du roi YHWH dans certains psaumes (Ps 47; 74; 89; 104). Ces premiers éléments de l’étude serviront de comparatif pour la suite de l’enquête. Je procéderai par la suite à l’excavation de traces de la royauté divine en Genèse 1, le récit phare de ce mémoire. Finalement, les deux derniers chapitres me permettront d’insister, d’une part, sur la contextualisation historique postexilique de cet écrit, en particulier l’influence sacerdotale, et d’autre part, de dégager les principaux éléments de la caractérisation « royale » d’Elohim en Gn 1, en soulignant toute l’originalité de leur configuration sacerdotale par rapport aux Psaumes. / The creation story of Genesis 1.1–2.4a – the introductory story of the Hebrew Bible – has never ceased to captivate and thus left a strong imprint on popular culture. Despite its millennial history and its multitude of commentaries, this story continues, even today, to spark discussions and debates on ever more specific and complex issues. The general objective of this dissertation is to examine a rarely explored dimension of this narrative, namely the traces of (divine) kingship found in its midst and the potential priestly reconfiguration of this royal dimension in the postexilic period. To do so, literary and historical methods, including narrative criticism and comparative history, will be used throughout the dissertation. First, I will investigate the characterization of king YHWH in various psalms (Ps 47; 74; 89; 104). The rest of the investigation will build on these first steps of the study. I will then proceed to excavate traces and remains of divine kingship in Genesis 1. The last two chapters will allow me, on the one hand, to address the historical context of this text, in the post-exilic period, as well as the important priestly influence on Gen 1; on the other, to identify the main elements of the "royal" characterization of Elohim in Gen 1 while highlighting and acknowledging their priestly revitalization when compared to the Psalms.