Cette thèse a pour objectif premier de dresser un inventaire des albums et des feuilletons de bande dessinée publiés à Paris et à Genève, à partir des « histoires en estampes » de Rodolphe Töpffer jusqu’aux séquences de Christophe publiées dans Le Petit Français illustré. L’établissement du catalogue amène à élargir le cadre initial de la recherche pour aborder diverses formes de récits en images que voit se développer le XIXe siècle. À partir de là, il s’agit d’envisager la bande dessinée à travers ses principaux supports éditoriaux (l’album et la presse illustrée, mais aussi l’imagerie populaire représentée par la collection de la maison d’édition fondée par Albert Quantin), et de comprendre en quoi le dispositif de diffusion influe sur le medium en devenir. Une mise en relation de ces différentes formes s’attache ensuite à définir les langages de la bande dessinée : les usages faits de l’image et du texte, les thématiques privilégiées et notamment la teneur parodique des œuvres. La bande dessinée est ainsi placée dans l’évolution des poétiques et de l’expression visuelle, dans l’histoire de l’imprimé et des média. / This thesis has for first goal to make an inventory of the albums and serials of comic strip published in Paris and in Geneva from Rodolphe Töpffer’s “stories in prints” up to Christophe's sequences printed in The Small illustrated Frenchman. Once the catalogue established it becomes possible to widen the initial framework of the research and approach the different forms of narratives in images that develop during the XIXth century. From there, the comic strip can be studied through its main editorial supports (the album and the illustrated press, but also the popular imaging represented by the collection of the publishing house established by Albert Quantin), and one can understand in which way the modes of dissemination influence the progress of the medium. It gets thus easier to define the languages of the comic strip: the manners images and texts intertwin, the main themes and in particular the continuous parodic mood of the works. The comic strip eventually finds its place in the evolution of the literary and visual expressions as well as in the history of printing and of the media.

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Keywords: literary comic, comic model, theory of carnivalesque, theory of the play, imagination, incongruity The dissertation pursues three main goals: to define the differentiating features of specific comic models (goal A - the differentiation goal); to introduce the principles of the comic in "Švejk", and its polyphony and originality, the technical devices, which shape it, and the semantic procedures of its creation (goal B - the analysis goal); to prove that between Hašek's "Švejk" and the other four works of Bulgarian, Russian and Serbian satirical prose ("Bay Ganyo", "The Twelve Chairs", "The Little Golden Calf" and "Autobiography") there is a stable common basis (a comic model), which is specified in each of those works (goal C - the juxtaposition goal). The conceptual approach in the methodology of the exploration is based on the conviction that the core of the fictional magic in Hašek's "Švejk" is precisely the comic. The methodological approach of the hierarchical systematization wields all known qualifications of the comic in the models displayed here, which have the nature of unifying classification frames. The methodology of the choice and application of the conceptual instruments is based on the taxonomy of the famous Czech cultural critic Vladimír Borecký, whose terminological...

Was siehst du, wenn du aus dem Fenster schaust?“ Max und Robert zeichnen los, eine Minute haben sie Zeit. Bei Max entsteht ein Ufo, durch die Fensterscheibe von Robert blickt ein riesiges Auge. Die Klasse bewertet mit Applaus, welche Skizze einen Punkt für die Mannschaft bekommt. Es gewinnt das Auge, denn „hier weiß man noch nicht, was es wird, ob ein gefährliches Monster oder ein freundlicher Riese neugierig ist“, sagt Janne. Ob nun wirklich die Phantasie ausschlaggebend war oder Robert einfach den größeren Fanclub in der Klasse hat? Jedenfalls macht der COMIC-CLASH großen Spaß! Er ist der kreative Abschluss zu einem Programm über die Entstehungsgeschichte von Comics, der Vorstellung von Serien und Helden sowie von Kriterien für einen anspruchsvollen Comic – und damit Teil der Comicwoche vom 15. bis 19. Oktober in der medien@age, der Jugendbibliothek Dresden.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Film and Television. / For this research project, I search for an approach to adaptation theory that may be better suited to adapting Manga (Japanese comics) to film. The American comic book adaptations in the last eight years have met with resounding success, and their increased number has also prompted a shift in what audiences and producers qualify as a successful adaptation. For example, 19 films that have been made by Marvel, Sony and Fox since 2008, were adapted from Marvel comics, but followed plot lines that varied greatly from that of the comics (IMDB.com, n.d). However, Manga adaptations have not met with the same level of success, and as such, I propose that a different approach might be necessary when it comes to adapting them. To do so, I discuss how Japanese Manga has been adapted by Hollywood in the past, and why those attempts have been considered a failure, the key example being that of ‘Dragonball Evolution’ (James Wong, 2008), which was based on the famous series, ‘Dragon Ball’, created by Akira Toriyama in 1984. To conclude, I propose my approach to adapting Manga and support it with a short film adaptation. / MT2017

Att skapa en berättelse inom illustration, som till exempel i serier, går oftast ut på att en bild följs av en annan för att berättelsen ska vara förståelig och tydlig. Blandar man ihop bilderna blir serien utan en röd tråd och berättelsen tappar sitt narrativ men storytelling är mer än att endast para ihop bilder i en följd så som det ska vara. I denna undersökning utforskar vi hur man kan skapa en serie illustrationer som skapar ett narrativ oavsett hur de sätts ihop. Vi har utforskat surrealistiska konstmetoder som automatism, cut-up, association, och bildgenerering då våra illustrationer har inslag av surrealism. Därefter har vi använt oss av användartester för att få en uppfattning om hur effektiva våra illustrationer är i att skapa flera narrativ genom illustrationernas ordning. Vi har dragit kopplingar till film, comics, och illustrationer samt går vi in på djupet gällande hur saker som färg, form, komposition, miljö och hur dessa faktorer påverkar ett narrativ. Våra illustrationer fokuserar på visuell kommunikation utan hjälpmedel som text, ljud, eller rörelse (animation). Resultatet pekade på att det mesta beror på individen, ens egna erfarenheter och bakgrund, för att hitta ett narrativ i en mängd illustrationer som är öppna för tolkning. / Creating a story with illustrations such as comics is usually made through a set sequense of pictures in an order that makes the story comprehensive. If you move the pictures around the story loses its narrative however storytelling is more than putting pictures in a sequence. This paper is made with the purpose of exploring how we can create a series of illustrations with a comprehensive narrative no matter what order you put them in. Since our illustrations are inspired by the artform of surrealism we have explored surrealistic methods such as automatism, cut-up, association, and generating of pictures. We later used user testing to test the effectivness of our illustrations and their capability to create multiple narratives based on the order of the illustrations. We have made connections to things such as movies, comics, and illustration and take a deep dive into factors like colour, shape, composition, background and how they affect the narrative. Our illustrations focus on visual communication and will therefore not include text, sound, or movement (animation). The result showed that it depends on the individual, a person's own experiences and background, to find a narrative in a set of illustrations that are open for interpretation.

Media theorists have identified five models explaining media content: reflection, media routines, personal characteristics, extrinsic forces and manipulation. This study looks at diversity and controversy in newspaper comic strips to test the models that 1) media content is determined by personal characteristics of the decision maker; and 2) media content is determined by forces extrinsic to the decision maker. It was found that in the majority of cases the personal characteristics of the newspaper editor were more important in determining which diverse and controversial comic strips he/she will publish. However, it was found that no single model completely explains how editors make decisions concerning controversial and diverse material, but instead a variety of decision making models, including reflection, media routines, personal characteristics, and extrinsic forces, influence editor’s decision making. / Master of Science

Thesis (M.Phil) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2000 / 230 leaves printed single pages,numbered pages 1-230.Includes bibliography.Digitized at 600 dpi grayscale to pdf format (OCR),using an Bizhub 250 Konica Minolta Scanner. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Anton Kannemeyer and Conrad Botes have been publishing Bitterkomix,, their comics magazine, for nearly a decade in South Africa. These comics are a structured satyrical attack on the South African and specifically Afrikaans culture. Both artists employ different narrative strategies to convey their sometimes shocking message. The reaction on their writing and drawing shows an unwillingness in certain academic circles to analyse their texts critically. As a result Bitterkomix has drawn very little academic attention. This unwillingness is a product of the modernist approach to the comic as "low" literature. Modernists didn't regard comics as worthy material for critical analyses. The literary paradigm shift towards popular culture, and therefore comics, and the pluralistic reading strategy ofpostmodemism make it possible for an academic approach towards this previously ill-treated art form. This thesis is an attempt to suggest an approach strategy to Bitterkomix as a South African underground comics magazine. As a backdrop the study looks at the development of comics in general, as well as the changes that took place in the traditional approach strategies to the modem comic. It also focusses on selected texts by Kannemeyer and Botes to demonstrate how Bitterlwmix functions as an underground comic in the changing South African society. The writers draw upon methods and strategies used by underground comix artists in the United States during the sixties. Their specific employment of the drawing styles and narrative contents of artists like Robert Crumb, S. Clay Wilson and also the Belgian artist, Herge, makes intertextuality one of the strongest postmodemist aspects of Bitterlwmix. Botes's and Kannemeyer's combined use of intertextuality and other postmodemist metafictional narrative strategies gives Bitterlwmix a literary value that requires an academic approach. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Anton Kannemeyer en Conrad Botes se strokiestydskrif Bitterkomix verskyn reeds bykans 'n dekade in Suid-Afrika. Hulle strokies, wat van 'n akademiese en literere uitgangspunt getuig, is 'n berekende satiriese aanval op die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing en meer spesifiek die Afrikanerdom. Beide skrywers span 'n verskeidenheid vertelstrategiee in om hulle somtyds skokkende boodskap oor te dra. Die reaksie op hulle skryf- en tekenwerk spreek egter van 'n onvermoe ofonwilligheid by die akademici om die tekste op kritiese wyse te analiseer. Gevolglik het Bilterkomix tot dusver min akademiese aandag gekry. Hierdie onvermoe stam myns insiens moontlik uit 'n modemistiese miskenning van die strokie as kunsvorm. Strokies is as "lae" literatuur gekategoriseer en is volgens modemiste dus nie geskikte materiaal vir 'n diepsinnige bespreking me. Die literere paradigma ten opsigte van populere kultuur en dus strokies het egter intussen verander en die pluralistiese leesstrategie van 'n postrnodemistiese benadering maak dit moontlik om akademiese aandag aan hierdie voorheen miskende kunsvorm te skenk. Die tesis is 'n poging om 'n benaderingswyse voor te stel tot Bitterkomix as Suid-Afrikaanse underground-strokiestydskrif. As agtergrondstudie ondersoek dit die ontstaan en ontwikkeling van die strokie in die algemeen, asook die veranderinge wat plaasgevind het in die tradisionele benaderingswyses tot die modeme strokie. Daama fokus die bespreking op geselekteerde tekste uit die oeuvres van Botes en Kannemeyer om te probeer aantoon hoe Bitterkomix as underground-strokie binne die veranderende Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing funksioneer. Die skrywers gebruik onder andere uitgangspunte en strategiee van die underground-strokie, soos dit veral in die sestigerjare in Arnerika gevind is. Hulle doelbewuste inspeling op beide die tekenstyle en verhaalinhoude van skrywers soos Robert Crumb, S. Clay Wilson asook die Belgiese Herge maak intertekstualiteit een van die sterkste postmodemistiese kenmerke van Bitterkomix. Botes en Kannemeyer se gebruik van intertekstualiteit, metafiksionaliteit, en ander postrnodemistiese vertelstrategiee verleen aan Bitterkomix 'n literere kwaliteit wat om 'n akademiese benaderingswyse vra. / Instituut vir Navorsingsontwikkeling van die Raad vir Geesteswetenskaplike Navorsing

Thesis (MPhil (Visual Arts))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / This thesis considers the author's project submission, a comic-book entitled The Number One Game, as production of a local heroic myth. The author will show how this project attempts to engage with mythic and archetypal material to produce an entertaining narrative that has relevance to contemporary Cape Town. The narrative adapts previous incarnations of the hero, with reference to theories of archetypes and mythic patterning devices that are derived from the concept of the “mono-myth”. Joseph Campbell's conception of myth as expressing internal psychic processes will be compared to Roland Barthes' reading of myth as a special inflection of speech that forms a semiotic “metalanguage”. The comic-book is a specific form of the language of comics, a combination of image and text that is highly structured and that can produce a rich graphic text. Using the Judge Dredd and Batman comic-books as models it will be shown how The Number One Game adapts traditions of representation, such as in genre references, to local perspective to create a novel interplay of archetypes. It will be shown that this interplay in the author's project work and the rich potential of the comic-book as a site for mythic speech makes the mythic a useful paradigm for considering the expression of ideology in the heroic comic-book.

La pratique des interprètes de Berlioz qui créèrent Benvenuto Cellini, La Damnation de Faust et Béatrice et Bénédict gagne à être mieux connue : ils observaient d’autres traditions que les nôtres, et saisir leurs usages et leur contexte artistique offre un autre regard sur les œuvres. La présente thèse examine le cadre de travail de ces artistes, c’est-à-dire leurs formations, leurs carrières, le déroulement des répétitions d’une œuvre et les corps de métier convoqués, mais aussi les écoles de jeu, de chant, et les étapes de préparation d’un rôle. Ces artistes seront aussi présentés, en particulier ceux qui jouèrent dans les scènes comiques des œuvres concernées. Les derniers chapitres, qui explorent la manière dont les œuvres du corpus furent interprétées sur les scènes de l’Opéra et du théâtre de Bade, ainsi qu’à l’Opéra-Comique et au théâtre de Weimar, mêlent l’ensemble de ces sources et croisent aspect scéniques et musicaux. / The practices of the performers who first produced Berlioz’s Benvenuto Cellini, La Damnation de Faust and Béatrice et Bénédict deserves to be better known: they followed other traditions than ours, and to understand their habits, practices and artistic context offers another way of conceiving these musical works. The present thesis considers the framework in which these artists worked, that is to say their training, their careers, the progress of the rehearsal of an opera and the trades involved, as well as the schools of acting, of singing, and the preparation of a role. The individual artists will also be introduced, in particular those who played in the comic scenes of the concerned works. The last chapters, which explore the way in which the corpus’ works were performed on the stage of the Paris Opera and the theater of Bade, as well as at the Paris Opera-Comic and the theater of Weimar, mix all these sources and documents and combine musical and scenic elements.