Questions the viability of Kenya’s transitional justice mechanisms as vehicles for social and political transformation? In particular, the dissertation assesses the efficacy of transitional justice mechanisms adopted by Kenya as a tool for democratic transformation. By focusing on the current delicate political situation in Kenya and the different approaches adopted in various contexts, the study could make a contribution by providing clarity on these issues. / Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Atangcho N Akonumbo, Faculte de Sciences Sociales et de Gestion Universite Catholique D’Afrique Centrale Yaounde Cameroun. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2009. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

"The research primarily investigated the causes of abduction of women and children in conflict areas in Sudan. In doing this, it addressed the effects of abduction on women and children and considered some solutions to the problems identified. The study is significant because it examines an area hitherto not addressed that is, the abduction of women and children as a result of conflict between Sudanese tribes. It differs from earlier studies, which limit their examination to the abduction of children as soldiers. An additional aim of this research is to raise the awareness of the international community's efforts at stopping the practice of abduction, with a view of ensuring that the Government of Sudan (GOS) and the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) are educated about the problem. Though the main focus of my research is abduction that arises from clashes among tribes, a portion of it has been dedicated to the issue of abduction of children by the SPLA for the purpose of engaging them as soldiers. Some International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs) described the abduction of women and children as slavery, this allegation arose from the fact that the abductees were subjected to forced labour such as cutting trees for fuel and herding cattle under harsh conditions. However, the Sudanese Government and other INGOs such as the Sudan Foundation in United Kingdom have challenged this claim. Sudan, which is the largest country in Africa, is approximately 2,505,810 sg Km. Its large size constitutes the main obstacle that sets back serious efforts in the area of resolving human rights violations. The illiteracy of the poeole, especially in rural areas, plays an important role in the perpetuation of some repugnant traditions and customs that decrease the chances of interaction among the different tribes and groups in some parts of the Sudan. Disputes of socio-economic nature occasionlly arise between tribes in the war zone areas due to scarcity of water and pasture for the people and the animals. These tribal disputes, which lead to the abduction of women and children of one tribe by another, caused the Ministry of Justice in Sudan to issue an order which led to the establishment of the Committee for the Eradication of Abduction of Women and Children (CEAWC). The Committee of which I am a member, is mandated to investigate and trace abducted women and children for the purpose of retrieval." -- Introduction. / Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Sylvia Tamale at the Faculty of Law, Makerere University, Uganda / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2001. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

MPM / Oliver Tambo Institute of Governance and Policy Studies

This research set out to explore the financial management by SGBs in public primary schools. The challenges as they were experienced by SGBs were identified. This study revealed that some public schools SGBs are dysfunctional with regard to the management of finances. The understanding of roles and responsibilities pertaining to the management of finances is insufficient. SGBs are still battling to understand the roles especially of the chairperson, treasurer and the secretary. There is a lack of monitoring and understanding of roles. Understanding of the financial legislative framework is still a challenge to rural public schools. Knowledge and interpretation of the other policies and regulations, Acts and prescripts is a major concern. There are transgressions of, and non-compliance with the financial legislative framework. The study further found that the SGBs’ perceptions, experience, feelings and thoughts with regard to management of finances are such that their lack of knowledge and skills in finance due to inadequate training makes them feel uncertain and unsure of their competence to manage finances. The quality of the training that they have received does not adequately empower them to manage finance successfully as it is offered by incompetent people. The contents of the prescripts, circulars, manuals and Acts are not clear at all to them. The English language used in the documents makes it especially difficult for SGB members, especially the parent component, to grasp what is needed. In some of the schools investigated, budgeting processes are done unilaterally by the principals who dominate every sphere of governance and relevant stakeholders are not involved. The PED should bear in mind that an investment in SGB training is an investment in their empowerment and decentralization of finances to public schools. If well trained SGBs could render a better service in managing public finances. A procurement management system should be developed, monitored and evaluated from the circuit level. Schools must be encouraged to create procurement clusters or budget clubs. Lengthening the time in office for the SGB from three to four or even five years will add value for money in the form of human investment. The issue of continuity must be ensured after each and every election or four years of re-election, especially in the portfolio of treasurers. This will enable governors to develop their experience over a longer period. During this time there should be continuous training as stipulated in section 19 of SASA. The PED should consider incentive programmes or honoraria for SGB members as a sign of acknowledgement, based on performance, to improve the quality of their effectiveness and efficiency in the management of school finances. The department must develop a financial assessment programme and remediation initiatives to decisively respond to schools that are dysfunctional in terms of financial management. Copyright / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

Syfte och frågeställningar Den här studiens syfte är att undersöka eventuell domarbrist i Sverige samt svensk fotbolls domarverksamhet på distriktsnivå kopplat till makt och ledarskap, representation och organisation, allt med grund i frågeställningen om domarbrist finns eller inte. Frågeställningarna som studiens resultat baseras på lyder som följer: -       Är det domarbrist i Sverige, och vad innebär det i så fall för verksamheten? -       Vilka bakgrunder finns representerade bland studiens respondenter? -       Vilka eventuella utmaningar står distrikten inför kopplat till representation? -       Vem bär ansvaret för hur distriktsverksamheten bedrivs ur distriktens perspektiv? -       Hur vill distrikten utveckla sina domarverksamheter framöver? Metod För att kunna besvara studiens frågeställningar har semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med åtta domarkommittéordförande från olika distrikt inom svensk fotboll, rekryterade genom ett handplockat urval. Efter intervjuernas genomförande transkriberades och analyserades resultaten utifrån maktteori (Christensen, Daugaard Jensen & Lindkvist, 2011), organisationsteori (Slack & Parent, 2006) och representationsteori (Wahl, Holgersson, Höök & Linghag, 2011). Resultat Resultaten visade att domarbrist förekommer inom svensk fotboll enligt distrikten själva. Bakgrunderna respondenterna har är mer eller mindre den samma oavsett vilket distrikt de representerar. Representationen inom svensk fotbolls domarorganisation är skev. Det finns en överrepresentation av killar med annan etnisk bakgrund än svensk, samtidigt som tjejer rent generellt är underrepresenterade. Det finns organisatoriska utmaningar med hur svensk fotboll bedriver sin domarverksamhet idag, och det är inte klarlagt om det är förbundet eller distrikten som ska driva verksamheten framåt. De utvecklingsområden som lyfts är en bättre organisation för att kunna möta verksamhetens krav, samt att locka fler tjejer till att döma fotboll. Slutsats Utifrån resultaten dras slutsatsen att organisationsformen som används idag inte fungerar tillfredsställande utifrån idrottsrörelsens målbild. Det som är viktigast för hur organisationen bedrivs är formaliseringsnivån samt vilka relationer som finns inom organisationen. / Aim The aim of this study is to examine the Swedish Football Association’s (SvFF) referee organization at a district level, in relation to power and leadership, representation and organization. The analysis is based on whether there is a lack of referees in Sweden or not. The questions are as follows: -       Is there a lack of referees in Sweden and how does that effect the organization? -       What backgrounds are represented among the respondents of this study? -       What challenges do the districts face related to representation? -       Who do the districts believe should be responsible for how the district are organised? -       How do the districts want to develop their referee organizations in the future? Method To answer the questions of this study, semi-structured interviews have been used. The respondents were eight presidents of the districts’ referee committees, recruited through a hand-picked selection. After the interviews were made, the results were transcribed and analysed through power theory (Christensen, Daugaard Jensen & Lindkvist, 2011), organization theory (Slack & Parent, 2006) and representation theory (Wahl, Holgersson, Höök & Linghag, 2011). Results The results showed that there is a lack of referees in Swedish football according to the districts. The backgrounds of the respondents are very alike, independent of which district they represent. The representation within the organization is skew. Boys with other ethnic backgrounds than Swedish are over-represented, while girls are under-represented in general. There are challenges connected to how SvFF is organized, today there are uncertainties whether the SvFF or the districts should run the organizational development for referees. The areas of development mentioned are organizational in order to meet the set requirements, and representational to attract more girls to become referees. Conclusion With the results in mind, the conclusion drawn is that the organizational form of today is unsatisfactory according to the set goals of the overall sports movement. The factors most dependent was shown to be formalization and the relationships within the organization.

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / Aangesien 'n nasionale register vir maligniteit nie bestaan waarin informasie ten opsigte van kanker onder die verskillende bevolkings groepe van Suid-Afrika nagegaan kan word nie, kan die verspreidings patroon alleenlik bepaal word deur spesifieke projekte. Die resultaat is dat daar nog nie 'n geheelbeeld vir kanker in Suid-Afrika bestaan nie. Wat mondkanker betref, is kennis fragmentaries. Inligting oor die ver spreiding daarvan onder die Kaapse Kleurlingbevolkingsgroep is beperk en net sekere aspekte daarvan is tot hede uitgelig. Die doel van hierdie studie is om mondkanker na te gaan in die Kaapse Kleurlingbevolkingsgroep wat woonagtig is in die Skiereiland van die Kaap die Goeie Hoop. Met hierdie oogmerk, is alle mondkankergevalle wat in die Groote Schuur- en Tygerberg-hospitale behandel is, van 1970 tot 1975, nagegaan. Bewys wyse van vergelyking en ook om die invloed van eie kultuur en akkulturasie na te gaan, is aandag gegee aan ondkankergevalle van Kleurlinge woonagtig in die Skiereiland en dié in die platteland wat in die Skiereiland behandeling ondergaan het. Verder is vergelykings ook getref tussen die,Kaapse Maleier wat die Moslem-geloof aanhang en die Kaapse Kleurling wat nie hierdie geloof aanhang nie. Die mondkankerpatroon van die Indiërs wat in die Skiereiland woonagtig is, is ook nagegaan. Bewys wyse van vergelyking en ook om die invloed van eie kultuur en akkulturasie na te gaan, is aandag gegee aan mondkankergevalle van Kleurlinge woonagtig in die Skiereiland en dié in die platteland wat in die Skiereiland behandeling ondergaan het. Verder is vergelykings ook getref tussen die,Kaapse Maleier wat die Moslem-geloof aanhang en die Kaapse Kleurling wat nie hierdie geloof aanhang nie. Die mondkankerpatroon van die Indiërs wat in die Skiereiland woonagtig is, is ook nagegaan. Ten slotte is die genoemde groepe se mondkankerpatroon vergelyk met dié gevind onder die ander groepe wat in Suid-Afrika bestudeer is, dié in die res van Afrika en ook met dié in die ander kontinente.

This ethnohistorical study returns to a historical site of Black education, The Mississippi Freedom Schools (MFS) of 1964, to excavate conceptions of teacher education and Black education held by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) a predominantly Black social movement organization. The MFS served as an alternative site of education for Black children across the state of Mississippi that, unlike public school, placed the lives of Black children and the movement for Black liberation at the center of learning. Through an analysis of digital archival documents, secondary sources, and interviews this dissertation is segmented into two sections of historical findings. Part I begins with a series of narratives recounting a racialized history of teacher education, the journey of Black education in America, and the origin of SNCC. The second section details the foundational values of teacher education, answers the question, “What counted as teacher education?”, and derives the essential components of Black education all held by SNCC. By illuminating these conceptions this study aims to inform and transform the trajectory of not only how teachers are prepared to teach Black children, but also inform the broader field of education as it relates to education policy, curriculum, and teacher education program design. This study found that the foundational values of teaching and teacher education held by SNCC required teachers to interrogate and confront their deepest perceptions of Black folk, demands that teachers release ego and hero archetypes, and that teacher education actively disrupt traditional teacher-student binaries. Additionally, this study found that SNCC believed that a shattering of perceived realities and ideological foundations, a theoretical understanding of the Black American experience, and a knowledge of both the historical and current context of Mississippi counted as teacher education. Lastly, this dissertation found, according to SNCC, Black education served as a confirmation of youth’s lived experiences in an inequitable society, to demystify the functions of society that leads to oppression, aimed to dispel anti-Black myths and supplement the erasure of Blackness in school curriculum, and worked to cultivate an activist mindset and skillset.

This paper discusses Karlstad’s sobriety committee view on the drinking as a societal problem during the period 1941–1950. The purpose of the study is to investigate how the sobriety committee in Karlstad saw drinking as a problem and what measures were put in place to deal with it between the years 1941–1950.The study used a qualitative research method, and the empirical material has consisted of Karlstad’s sobriety committee’s annual reports from the years 1941–1950. The material was read several times and sorted and reduced with the help of focused coding where clear problem areas, reasons behind the drinking and measures and their possible results were what was sought. The results were analyzed with the help of previous research and the theory of the actor and structure model.The results show in what way the drinking was considered problematic where the focus ended up on youth drunkenness and widespread illegal trade with alchohol. These two problems were also the clearest reasons for the city’s negative state of sobriety. Descriptions of the sobriety committee’s work and measures show a resignation. Using the actor and structure model, one sees how structures to curb drinking in the city emerged and were connected. One can find a problem with the social structures that the inhabitants grew up with contributed to increased drinking.

My thesis deals with reproductive politics of socialist Czechoslovakia, focusing on the effect of abortion committees decision and its members in matter of legality of abortions since 1957. The theoretical part summarize knowledge about reproductive policy of socialist Czechoslovakia and the effect of abortion committees. The empirical part includes interviews with witnesses who had personal experience with abortion committees. Interviews are analyzed by means of encryption techniques inspired by grounded theory. The thesis includes analysis of six interviews with applicant of abortion, one interview with a partner of the applicant, five interviews with doctors - gynecologists and one with a former member of abortion committee. This thesis also process documents of National population comitee regarding on abortion comitees issues. Keywords: gender, reproductive politics, socialism, abortion, abortion committee, witnesses, social benefits

Am 30. November 2007 endete die 3. Amtsperiode (1.12.2003 – 30.11.2007) des Kuratoriums. Unter dem Vorsitz von Herrn Prof. Liebig standen in diesen Jahren neben vielen Informationen zur Arbeit der SLUB vor allem folgende Themen auf der Tagesordnung: