Thesis (M. Eng. Sc.)--University of Adelaide, 1987. / Typescript. Includes a copy of a paper presented at TADSEM '85 --Australian Seminar on Devices for Expressive Communication and Environmental Control, co-authored by the author. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [115-121]).

Thesis (M. Log.)--Universiteit van Pretoria, 2000. / Summary in English and Afrikaans. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Au.D.)--James Madison University, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (MA (Communication Pathology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (CAAC) / unrestricted

Mobile computing is becoming increasingly important, due to the rise in the number of portable computers and the desire to have continuous network connectivity to the Internet, irrespective of the physical location of the node. We have also seen a steady growth of the market for wireless communication devices. Such devices can only have the effect of increasing the options for making connections to the global Internet. The Internet infrastructure is built on top of a collection of protocols called the TCP/IP protocol suite. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) are the core protocols in this suite. There are currently two standards: one to support the current IPv4 and one for the upcoming IPv6 [1]. IP requires the location of any node connected to the Internet to be uniquely identified by an assigned IP address. This raises one of the most important issues in mobility because, when a node moves to another physical location, it has to change its IP address. However, the higher-level protocols require the IP address of a node to be fixed for identifying connections. The Mobile Internet Protocol (Mobile IP) is an extension to the Internet Protocol proposed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) that addresses this issue. It enables mobile devices to stay connected to the Internet regardless of their locations, without changing their IP addresses and, therefore, an ongoing IP session will not be interrupted [2, 3, 4]. More precisely, Mobile IP is a standard protocol that builds on the Internet Protocol by making mobility transparent to applications and higher-level protocols like TCP. However, before Mobile IP can be broadly deployed, there are still several technical barriers, such as long handover periods and packet loss that have to be overcome, in addition to other technical obstacles, including handover performance, security issues and routing efficiency [7]. This study presents an investigation into developing new handover mechanisms based on link layer information in Mobile IP and fast handover in Mobile IPv6 environments. The main goal of the developed mechanisms is to improve the overall IP mobility performance by reducing packet loss, minimizing signalling overheads and reducing the handover processing time. These models include the development of a cross-layer handover scheme using link layer information and Mobile Node (MN) location information to improve the performance of the communication system by reducing transmission delay, packet loss and registration signalling overheads. Finally, the new schemes are developed, tested and validated through a set of experiments to demonstrate the relative merits and capabilities of these schemes.

Syfte: Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att öka förståelsen för hur samhällets och teknikens senaste utveckling har bidragit med nya marknadsföringskanaler och vad detta innebär för företags marknadsföringsstrategier. Med detta syfte som utgångspunkt har tre forskningsfrågor formulerats för att avgränsa forskningen än mer: Hur kan smartphones som marknadsföringskanal hjälpa företag att precisera sin marknadsföring till kunden? På vilket sätt har den nya mobila tekniken, i form av smartphones, påverkat företags segmenteringsmöjligheter? Hur kan ett företag använda sig av smartphones, som ett verktyg för att hantera kundrelationer? Metod: Uppsatsen är resultatet av en kvalitativ studie med en huvudsaklig induktiv inriktning. Primärdatainsamlingen har skett genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. Slutsats: Efter att ha undersökt detta ämne har vi dragit slutsatsen att valet av smartphones som kanal kan hjälpa företag att precisera sin marknadsföring genom att telefonen är tillgänglig och personlig för kunden. Därför menar vi att kunders integritet och acceptans kommer att vara avgörande faktorer och viktiga att beakta. Timing är en väsentlig del av precisionsmarknadsföringen och vi har därför presenterat två nya begrepp; företagsstyrd timing och kundstyrd timing. Smartphones har även bidragit med nya möjligheter för företag att segmentera marknaden där vi framhållit slutsatsen att plats och kontext torde vara nya segmenteringsvariabler för företag att beakta. Vår slutsats är även att smartphones är en fördelaktig kanal när det kommer till byggande och hantering av kundrelationer och vi har sett tendenser till att kunden umgås med varumärket på ett sätt som tidigare inte varit möjligt. Vi introducerar ett nytt begrepp, interaktionsintensiva kommunikationsenheter, där smartphones ses som den ledande enhetstypen idag. Nyckelord: Mobilmarknadsföring, smartphones, precisionsmarknadsföring, kundstyrd timing[1], segmentering, kontext, relevans, integritet, kundrelationer, interaktionsintensiva kommunikationsenheter[2] [1]Begreppet är av oss introducerat och utgör en del av en egengjord modell. Se s 58, kapitel 5.1.1 [2]Vi har valt att introducera detta begrepp som ett samlingsnamn för en ny typ av marknadsföringskanal. Se s. 63, kapitel 5.1.3 / Purpose: The purpose of this study is to gain understanding of how the development of the society, as well as the technology, has increased the numbers of marketing channels and how they affect companies’ marketing strategies. In order to investigate this subject we have formulated three main questions: How can smartphones as a marketing channel help companies pinpoint their communication to the customer? How do smartphones affect companies' ability to segment the market? How can a company use smartphones, as a tool to manage customer relationships? Approach: We have done a qualitative study with an inductive approach. Primary data has been collected through seven qualitative semi-structured interviews with persons from different companies. Conclusions: After investigating this subject we have come to the conclusion that using smartphones as a marketing channel can help companies to pinpoint their marketing because of the device’s availability and because that the phone is personal to the customer. We mean that customers’ acceptance and integrity is very important to take into consideration and will be of great importance in how well companies will succeed in its use of smartphones as a marketing channel. Timing is another important question and we have therefore presented two new concepts; business-driven timing and customer-driven timing. Smartphones has also contributed with new strategies when it comes to market segmentation. We suggest place and context as new market segmentation variables so that companies could be able to find their customer in right place and in right time. We have also come to the conclusion that smartphones as a marketing channel is advantageous when it comes to building relationship to the customer and we have also seen tendencies that the customer socialize with the brand in a way that they has not been done before. We have also introduced a new concept, interactive communication devices, which is a name for a new type of marketing channels and where smartphones is the leading device today. Keywords: Mobile marketing, precision marketing, customer driven timing[3], market segmentation, context, relevance, integrity, brand, customer relationship, high interactive communication devices[4] [3]This is a new concept that we have introduced and is a part of a model that we have created. See page 58, chapter 5.1.1 [4]This is a new concept that we have introduced and is a concept for a new type of marketing channel, see page 63, chapter 5.1.3.

<p>  </p> <p>A harmonic oscillator is a ubiquitous tool in various disciplines of engineering and physics for sensing and energy transduction. The degrees of freedom, low noise oscillation, and efficient input-output coupling are important metrics when designing sensors and transducers using such oscillators. The ultimate examples of such oscillators are quantum mechanical oscillators coherently transducing information or energy. Atoms are oscillators whose degrees of freedom can be controlled and probed coherently by means of light. Elegant techniques developed during the last few decades have enabled us to use atoms, for example, to build exquisite quantum sensors such as clocks with the precision of <1 second error over the lifetime of the universe, to store and transduce information of various forms and also to develop quantum processors. Similar to atoms, mechanical oscillators can also be controlled ultimately to their single vibrational quanta and be used for similar sensing and transduction applications.</p> <p><br></p> <p>In this thesis, we explore both atomic and mechanical systems and develop a toolbox to build an effective atom-light interface and light-oscillator interface for controlling such atomic and mechanical oscillators and use them in sensing and storage applications. Primarily, we study two disparate platforms: 1) rare-earth ions in solids integrated into photonic chips as a compact and heterogeneous platform and 2) nanoscopic and macroscopic oscillators interfaced with light and magnetic field to isolate them from environmental noise. </p> <p><br></p> <p>Rare earth (RE) ions in crystals have been identified as robust optical centers and promising candidates for quantum communication and transduction applications. Lithium niobate (LN), a novel crystalline host of RE ions, is considered as a viable material for photonic system integration because of its electro-optic and integration capability. This thesis first experimentally reports the activation and characterization of LN crystals implanted with Yb and Er ions and describes their scalable integration with a silicon photonic chip with waveguide and resonator structures. The evanescent coupling of light emitted from Er ions with optical modes of waveguide and microcavity and modified photoluminescence (PL) of Er ions from the integrated on-chip Er:LN-Si-SiN photonic device with quality factor of 104 have been observed at room temperature. This integrated platform can ultimately enable developing quantum memory and provide a path to integrate more photonic components on a single chip for applications in quantum communication and transduction.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Optomechanical systems are also considered as candidates for light storage and sensing. In this thesis, we also present results of the theoretical study of coherent light storage in an array of nanomechanical resonators. The majority of the thesis is focusing on an optomechanical sensing experiment based on levitation. An oscillator well isolated from environmental noise can be used to sense force, inertia, torque, and magnetic field with high sensitivity as the interaction with these quantities can change the amplitude or frequency of the oscillator’s vibration, which can be accurately measured by light. It has been proposed that such levitated macroscopic objects could be used as quantum sensors and transducers at their quantum ground states. They are also proposed as a platform to test fundamental physics such as detecting gravitational waves, observing macroscopic quantum entanglement, verifying the spontaneous collapse models, and searching for dark matter.</p> <p><br></p> <p>In particular, we consider superconducting levitation of macroscopic objects in vacuum whose positions are measured by light. We build an optomechanical platform based on a levitated small high reflective (HR)-coated mirror above a superconductor disk. We use this levitated mirror at ambient conditions to detect the magnetic field with a sensitivity on the order of <em>pT/sqrt(Hz).</em> Moreover, the levitated mirror is used as the end mirror of a Fabry–Pérot cavity to create an optical resonance that could be used to study coherent radiation pressure forces. The platform provides a sensitive tool to measure the various forces exerted on the mirror and it offers the possibility of the coherent optical trapping of macroscopic objects and precision gravity sensing. Moreover, we study the nonlinear dissipation and mode coupling of a levitated HR-coated magnetic mirror above a superconducting disk in vacuum conditions. We observe that by exciting one vibrational mode of the mirror, the vibrational noise of another mode can be significantly suppressed by a factor of 60. We attribute this unique noise suppression mechanism to the mode coupling and nonlinear dissipation caused by the driven magnetic inhomogeneity of the levitated object. Such a suppression mechanism can enable cooling certain modes independent of their detection and position in the spectrum, which may be promising for precision sensing applications.</p>