Det har under flera århundranden pågått en process där människors arbetsplikt har ersatts av en efterfrågan av balans, meningsfullhet och kvalitet för individen på arbetet. Denna förändring har motiverat organisationer att utveckla sitt arbetsgivarvarumärke, då ”starka varumärken får sin kraft inifrån” (Parment, Dyhre & Lutz, 2017, s. 28) vilket gör att det krävs en konsekvent organisationsidentitet som har sin utgångpunkt i gemensamma värderingar och kommunikationsstrategier (Parment, Dyhre & Lutz, 2017, s. 13–30).   Värderingar som styrmedel innebär att ledningen styr organisationen med en utvald värdegrund för att uppnå uppsatta mål och skapa en önskvärd företagskultur. Tidigare forskning har visat att medarbetare som trivs och känner sig stolta över sin arbetsplats är en viktigare faktor för medarbetares motivation än vad ekonomiska förmåner är (Philipson, 2004, s. 56–58). Medarbetare som trivs och lever kulturen är ett viktigt strategiskt verktyg för att förankra kulturen inom organisationen (Falkheimer & Heide, 2007, s. 90–91). Både kommunikation och värderingar som styrmedel kan hjälpa organisationer, om de används på rätt sätt. Vi valde därför att utföra en fallstudie på en statligt ägd organisation, som kommer att vara anonym i studien. En innehållsanalys på insamlad empiri från observationer, intervjuer och enkäter utfördes för att studera den interna kommunikationen genom olika kommunikationskanaler, för att se om värdeorden uppfattas som genuina av medarbetarna och därmed fungerar som ett styrmedel.   Slutsatsen visar att organisationen inte använder värdeord som styrmedel fullt ut men att värdeorden påverkar det mellanmänskliga interna beteendet. Kommunikationskanalerna används parallellt för att maximera och anpassa effekten av kommunikationen men då beslut som tas inom organisationen går stick i stäv med värdeorden uppfattas kulturen inte som genuin och fungerar därför inte fullt ut som ett styrmedel, vilket det har möjlighet att vara. / For several centuries, there has been a process where people's duty to work has been replaced by a demand for balance, meaning and quality for the individual at work. This change has motivated organizations to develop their employer brand, since "strong brands gain their power from within" (Parment, Dyhre & Lutz, 2017, p. 28) which requires a consistent organizational identity that is based on shared values and communication strategies (Parment, Dyhre & Lutz, 2017, p. 13–30).   Values as a means of management mean that the organization leads itself with a selected value base to achieve set goals and create a desirable corporate culture. Previous research has shown that employees who enjoy and feel proud of their workplace are a more important factor for employee motivation than financial benefits (Philipson, 2004, p. 56–58). Employees who thrive and live the culture are an important strategic tool for anchoring the culture within the organization (Falkheimer & Heide, 2007, p. 90-91). Both communication and value management can help organizations, if used properly. We chose to conduct a case study on a Swedish state-owned organization, which will be anonymous in this study. A content analysis on collected empirical data from observations, interviews and surveys was conducted to study internal communication through various communication channels, to see if the employees perceive the values as genuine and therefor if the values are used ​​as a means of management.   The conclusion shows that the organization does not fully use value words as an instrument of management, but that the value words affect the interpersonal internal behaviour. The communication channels are used in parallel to maximize the effect of communication but since decisions are made within the organization that contradicts the values, the culture is not perceived as genuine and therefore does not function fully as a means of management, which it has the opportunity to be.

Introduction: Communication is said to be one of the most important yet most challenging aspects of leadership. Today's globalized world creates new dimensions, requirements and higher demands are placed on managers' internal communication in order to be able to handle different cultural aspects and employees. Managers may face a myriad of challenges such as language barriers, cultural diversity through different values, behavioral patterns of team members and way of thinking. Previous research on communication shows that the focus has been on external communication, there has been limited connection between cultural impact and internal communication, and the concept of communication channels within internal communication, from a managerial perspective, is still rather unexamined. Purpose: By examining managers' understanding of cultural aspects in internal communication in multicultural settings, we aim to increase the understanding of what is required of managers, when communicating internally, so that the message is interpreted and understood by the various employees in a multicultural team. By adding the perspective of communication styles and communication channels into internal communication in multicultural settings, a broader understanding of the important tools for effective communication can be understood. Research methodology: The study is a case study based on a qualitative research method with an inductive approach. Twelve recorded semi-structured interviews with six main questions, and several sub-questions, were conducted with twelve various managers who lead multicultural teams in six different global companies. The theoretical framework is, from the empirical material, based on four themes- the importance of leadership, internal communication and communication style, the influence of culture and communication channels. Result and analysis: The result from the study shows that the role of leadership, internal communication and communication style, the influence of culture and communication channels are important aspects for managers to have knowledge of, in order to handle internal communication and successfully lead multicultural teams. Conclusion: The role of leadership, knowledge of culture, adaptation and the most beneficial communication channels are important factors for managers to have knowledge of for the effectiveness of internal communication. Culture plays an important role for communication,and it is essential to understand the meaning of culture. At the same time, the individual’s personality behind the culture has significance as well. It is therefore important for managers to be able to look beyond culture and also be able to navigate from other aspects. Keywords: Leadership, Communication, Internal communication, Multicultural teams, Culture, Communication channels, Communication style, Cultural diversity, Management

(in English): The aim of this thesis was to explore the current trend and preferred communication channels for social interaction with peers among members of Generation Z during the Covid-19 pandemic. In this thesis, I seek to answer the questions of whether communication channels for social interaction have changed in light of the pandemic, what channels are being substituted and how, and how participants perceive this new experience with respect to their mental health. I open the thesis with a study of the literature and relevant studies regarding the definition of Generation Z, how they use and perceive technology and communication channels, and the impact of the pandemic on Generation Z. The theoretical section is then followed by a comprehensive research section in which I seek to familiarize the reader with the chosen mixed methods methodology, research design, data collection and finally the analysis and results. First of all, the result of my research shows that face-to-face meetings in restaurants, bars or clubs were most often replaced by walking or meeting outside, meeting at flats or playing video games together. Most of the participants perceived this experience of the pandemic and the reduction of social contacts negatively and experienced anxiety because of that.

This thesis has through a case study of the company Eriksberg Vilt & Natur AB investigated, using customer-oriented marketing theories, how their customers perceive sustainability. Subsequently, looking into promotion tools it has examined what implications the customers’ opinions give for the communication channels the company use. For the case study secondary data has been collected, a survey addressing Eriksberg’s customers has been conducted and a semi-structured interview has been performed with the CEO of the company. The results have shown that the opinions of Eriksberg and their customers in many ways are congruent and that customers perceive sustainability to be important, which Eriksberg do too, but also that many customers are not aware of the company’s work in sustainability. The conclusion is that Eriksberg should communicate information about their sustainability work using communication channels in which their customers have the ability to respond and react. / Denna uppsats har genom en fallstudie av företaget Eriksberg Vilt & Natur AB och genom att använda kundorienterade marknadsföringsteorier undersökt hur deras kunder uppfattar hållbarhet. Därefter har den genom att se till säljfrämjande marknadsföringsverktyg undersökt hur kundernas åsikter påverkar de marknadsföringskanaler företaget använder. För fallstudien har sekundärdata samlats in, en enkätundersökning riktad till Eriksbergs kunder har genomförts och en semistrukturerad intervju har gjorts med bolagets VD. Resultaten har visat att Eriksbergs och dess kunders åsikter i många fall är samstämmiga, att kunderna upplever hållbarhet som viktigt, vilket även Eriksberg gör, men också att många kunder inte känner till företagets hållbarhetsarbete. Slutsatsen är att Eriksberg bör kommunicera information om sitt hållbarhetsarbete till kunder genom kommunikationskanaler där kunderna kan svara och reagera.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / In this thesis, the scalability issues of Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) in optical network management are explored. It is important to understand the effect of varying the number of nodes, the request inter-arrival times and the polling interval on the performance of SNMP and number of nodes that can be effectively managed. The current study explored the effect of varying these parameters in a controlled test environment using the OPNET simulation package. In addition, traffic analysis was performed on measured SNMP traffic and statistics were developed from the traffic analysis. With this understanding of SNMP traffic, an SNMPv1 model was defined and integrated into an OPNET network model to study the performance of SNMP. The simulation results obtained were useful in providing needed insight into the allowable number of nodes an optical network management system can effectively manage. / Civilian, Singapore Ministry of Defense

The goal of this thesis is to clarify the status of books in the current Czech culture using scientific methods. Since there are many possible ways to achieve this widely defined goal, it was necessary to choose certain methods (and therefore an overall angle of the examination). Two specific methods were selected - a questionnaire for members of Generation Y and media analysis of culture sections of the Czech daily newspapers, Mladá fronta DNES and Právo during the months of June and December of 2017. Theoretical background, description of the methods and explanation of all the key terms are part of the theoretical section. The objective of the questionnaire is to map reading preferences and habits of young readers. The questions are focused on qualitative and also quantitative aspects of book reading. The overarching objective of the media analysis is to provide an accurate image the media paint about books. This will be achieved by thorough examination of all the articles that mention them. Just like with the questionnaire, qualitative and quantitative aspects will be tracked.

Brand awareness and its establishment among consumers has been a central theme in previous research on marketing as it is proven to indirectly induce purchase. It is thus seen as crucial for marketers to establish brand awareness. However, a research gap is apparent in regard to creating brand awareness among Generation Z. More specifically, this study focuses on which communication channel that is best suited for establishing brand awareness for this generational cohort. Hence, the purpose of this study is to explicitly analyse the linkage between these variables and provide a guideline for companies targeting Generation Z. To obtain a deeper understanding, previous research has been reviewed and an extensive data collection has been conducted including two methods; interviews and a survey to obtain empirical evidence and valuable insights. The qualitative data was of main focus with the quantitative data gave more of an overview. By combining and evaluating the empirical findings in relation to previous research and theory we could identify patterns and relationships that eventually led to the conclusion and final results of this thesis. The initial results concluded from this study underlined the importance of brand awareness since it was the first step for the purpose of inducing purchases. In addition, the results also highlight the importance of building upon brand awareness to establish brand liking as it will provide for the increase of purchase intention. For establishing brand awareness when targeting Generation Z, Instagram is a means of preference and should be considered as part of a mix of various communication channels in using integrated marketing communications.

<p><p><strong>Purpose:</strong><p>The purpose of this paper is to investigate and clarify some of the factors that influence organizations to adopt or reject the social media, and if the emergence of social media influenced the organization's communication.</p><p><strong><p>Metohodology:</p></strong></p><p>A qualitative methodology has been used to execute the study. The source has been semi structured interviews with chosen representatives from several organizations.</p><p><strong><p>Theoretical perspective:</p></strong></p><p>The theoretical basis for the execution of the methodology is based on the provisional theoretical demarcation uses and gratifications theory. For analysis diffusion of innovations theory is applied.</p><p><strong><p>Emperical findings:</p></strong></p><p>The empirical material includes interviews with representatives from twelve selected organizations, defined as companies in the industry and authorities, in seven different industries.</p><p><strong><p>Conclusion:</p><p> </p></strong>The main factors affecting an adoption of social media is the organization’s open structure, the ability to see opportunities with social media and that they are seen as a natural part of development in the communications field. The main factors affecting a rejection of social media is ignorance, the organization's governance and that there must be a need that social media can fill. Neither users nor non-users believe that social media can replace traditional media. They are a complement to existing media, where the oral personal communication is superior to other forms.</p></p></p>

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate Stena Metall’s values and how they are communicated within the organization. Background: In the Fall of 2008, the world was shocked by the worst financial crisis in decades. The crisis had deep effects on the Swedish economy, and many companies suffered heavily. The recycling and environmental service company Stena Metall experienced their first negative result in 30 years, and 900 employees had to leave the company. An action program, including an altered culture was established with the purpose to adapt the operations to the new business environmental conditions. Values, which are a part of the organizational culture, were decided to be an important part of the change. To implement these in the entire organization a well-structured communication process is needed. Within these subjects; values and communication, a qualitative study at Stena Metall has been conducted. Method: To fulfill the purpose, a qualitative method has been used. Thirteen interviews were conducted to collect data from different levels of the organization. The interviews were designed differently based on the employee’s level of responsibility in the organization. The theoretical framework used when analyzing the empirical material includes earlier research in the areas of culture, with emphasis on values, and communication. Conclusion: Two set of values have been identified, core values and aspiration values. The findings indicate a gap in the communicational process at Stena Metall. Part of the new information communicated about Stena Metall´s values is lost on its way from the management to the lower levels in the organization. The perception of what the values mean, both core and aspiration values, differs depending on level in the organization.

The purpose of this study is to analyze which communication strategies andinformation- and communication channels that Gällivare municipality should useunder the urban transformation to communicate with the citizens. The studyconcentrates on the age-groups 16 – 24, 25 – 44, 45 – 64 and people that are 65 yearsand older. This selection has been made as a segmentation of the citizens and is oneof the essay questions which refers to study the channels that each age-groups prefer.The study is a quantitative one and is based on a questionnaire survey directed to thecitizens and it’s 85 people who participated. The result of the survey have beenanalyzed with theories like Grunigs two-way symmetrical model, theories forcommunication in public sector and theories for the most common media channels asface-to-face communication and internet.The analysis shows that Gällivare municipality should use a communication strategythat is intended to surprise the citizens, becase the survey showed that there’s a fairlylow commitment for questions of the urban transformation. The strategy is alsouseful when the survey showed that the citizens believe that the promises in theinformation of Gällivare municipality aren’t kept, which could have resulted that theybecame passive and now they have to wake up from that state of mind. It also showsthat the age-group 16-24 years concider internet as a channel for information andsocial media as the most popular communication channel. Rest of the age-gropusprefer printed information. But the opinion for the communication channels differsbetween the group 25 – 44 years and the two others. The first mentioned considers emailas the channel they want to communicate with the municipality unlike the agegroups45 – 64 and 65 and older that prefers face-to-face communication.