This diploma thesis focuses on semantic diversity of reporting verbs in French and English fiction. Among these verbs there are not only neutral or semantically marked transitive speech verbs but also intransitive ones or those that do not belong to the category of speech verbs but express different circumstances of a speech act. The objective of the thesis is to provide a contrastive analysis of reporting verbs in original and translated English and French fiction texts, their classification and evaluation of different factors that potentially affect their selection. The topic will be studied on the basis of the data from the parallel corpus Intercorp. The thesis attempts to contribute to a better understanding of reporting clauses. The outlined findings may be helpful especially to translators and fiction writers.

Air pollution is the main environmental health issues that affects all the regions and causes millions premature deaths every year. In order to take any preventive measures, we need the ability to predict pollution level and air quality. This task is conventionally solved using deterministic models. However, those models fail to capture complex non-linear dependencies in erratic data. Lately machine learning models gained popularity as a very promising alternative to deterministic models. The purpose of this thesis is to conduct a comparative study between ChemicalTransport Model (WRF-Chem) and a Statistical Model built from machine learning algorithms in order to understand which one is advantageous predicting the air quality and the meteorological conditions using data from Cuenca, Ecuador. The study aims to compare the two methods and conclude on which of them is better in forecasting the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in an urban complex terrain. I concluded that even though WRF-Chem has the biggest advantage of forecasting all the data of interest for broader time horizon machine learning algorithms provide better accuracy for middle-term period. Machine learning models also require much less computational power but lack ability to predict meteorological conditions along with pollution level.

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Radical innovation is a term with different definitions and divided experiences. From both a theoretical and practical manner, larger organizations seem to perform radical innovation less. This research is further looking into corporation strategies and the dimensions of internal factors of radical innovation. The aim is to find activities and circumstances that can enhance radical innovation and bring more frequent behavior in corporations. The research performs as a comparative study to reveal facilitations and patterns of radical innovation processes in different organizations. This study will compare perspectives of the organizations themselves to both earlier studies and shared insights of an included innovation consultancy firm that is giving their experience on the performance of radical innovation. Likewise, the research will investigate the limitations the organizations find in how and why radical innovations are not as frequent as incremental ones. The outcome of this research is to theoretically provide an alternative approach in the innovation field by researching comparatively. Practically, the research aims to extend knowledge of radical innovation and create a framework that can work as a supportive tool for future business projects and the implementation of more radical innovations.

Latency has always been one of the essential problems within Virtual Reality (VR) domain since VR is inherently an interactive paradigm which performs the real-time estimation of human motions. From the user's point of view, the latency extremely reduces the presence experience of VR systems, especially when user won’t able to perform interactions accurately. To compensate the excessive latency, different prediction methods on human motion were studied in recent years. Among them, Kalman Filter was the most popular choice. However, the effectiveness of using Kalman Filter to eliminate the latency for VR systems is not always satisfactory in practice since the accuracy of the estimation of the users’ motion depends on several factors: the linearity of the motion, the prediction time, the computational time, and the algorithm’s limitation.Therefore, this thesis presents a VR-based haptic teleoperation system to study how to effectively eliminate the latency effectively using Kalman Filter. For investigating the performances of different prediction methods for VR systems with several factors considered, two types of Kalman Filter: Linear Kalman Filter (LKF) and Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) have been used to predict the haptic motion dataset, under different amount of simulated latencies.The result shows, both LKF and UKF provide a good performance at compensating the latency. For 200ms latency, both filters satisfactorily eliminate the latency and improve the interaction effectiveness. The comparative study shows, LKF provides better performance since the linear rotational motion dataset captured by haptic device was used; both filters show a reduced performance when the prediction time is increased. Besides, UKF requires more computational time than LKF.

Problem of unutilized energy saving potential in the multifamily housing stock of European Union has been emphasized by the European Commission (2008). Comparative study at hand takes tenant – owner associations of Stockholm and Vilnius as study cases. The goal is to find out what are the motivating and obstacle factors that create reasons for tenant – owner associations to invest or to delay investment into energy saving measures. Further aim is to generate suggestions for energy saving policy improvements based on the motivating and obstacle factors for the given capitals. Targets have been implemented by series of interviews held with board leaders of tenant – owner associations. Comparative study has revealed that main obstacles for energy saving renovation is of informational nature – lack of precise, reliable and verified data distracts from investments, since it is difficult to estimate the expected payback and other financial figures. Findings in the perspective of motivating factors are of monetary nature – tenant–owner associations are mostly motivated by monetary savings.

This paper will be focusing on sound mixing in film by using a comparative study. This article will try to find out if there is a way to use Michel Chion’s and Walter Murch’s sound design theories as design methods and compare them with each other. To test their theories we did our own sound design and sound mixing to a short film. During the mixing process we split up the project and worked on two different mixes. Strictly following the theories of Murch and Chions theories. During the comparison which contains the questions about effectivity, quality and priority in the mix we figured out that both theories could be used as a design perspective since they are both able to be divided into methods. / Denna undersökning kommer att fokusera på ljudmixning inom film med användandet av komparativ metod. Artikeln kommer försöka ta reda på om det går att använda sig utav Michel Chion och Walter Murch ljuddesignteorier som designmetoder och jämföra dem med varandra. För att testa deras teorier gjorde vi vår egna ljuddesign och mixning till en kortfilm. Under mixningsprocessen delade vi upp projektet och arbetade med två mixningar och strikt följde deras teorier. Under jämförelsen vilket innehåller frågor om effektivitet, kvalitet och prioritet i mixen fick vi reda på att de båda går att använda som designperspektiv då respektive teorier gör det möjligt att dela upp de i metoder.

The purpose of the study is, through some aspects, to make it visible and compare the education in mathematics in classes 1-3 in Sweden and Turkey. I have also studied the mathematic lessons, textbook and teaching aids, examinations and the use of calculator, on the basis of steering documents in curriculum and syllabi. The method used in this study contains of qualitative interviews and have an unstructured character but also observations noted continuously. The result is a comparison between my own experiences and the observations connected to relevant theories and the questions.

Abstract The main purpose of this comparative study between German and Pakistani Field Hockey players at the talent development stage (12-18 years) was to reveal multidimensional performance characteristics, which may have power for predicting future talented elite Field Hockey players. In total 271 (German 127 & 144 Pakistani) participants took part in this comparative study to find out difference in psychological, physical and social profiles and their possible influences on the performance of the players on two occasions, each separated by a time interval of one year. The mean age for German players was 14.3 years and Pakistani players 16.3 years. Data were collected from players of various institutions and clubs of both countries. Later on, researcher included Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka in the study to increase the number of participants considering that South Asian culture is similar and Field Hockey is a popular game in the region. This addition will give strength to the study to find out the real differences in the performance of South Asian and European countries. In total, (227) 41 Indian, 40 Bengali and 44 Sri Lankan, 52 Pakistani and 50 German athletes took part in the study. The mean age for Indian was 14.5 years, Sri Lankan 15.3 years, Bangladeshi 15.7 years, Pakistani 16.9 years and German athletes were 15.5 years old. The Deutsch and English language standard sport questionnaires were used to measure the variables and data were analysed with the help of SPSS - 17 version. The following variables were put to test to find out the possible difference between the young players: Goal orientation in sports, General sport ability & appearance, Perceived physical self-concept, Competition related anxiety, Coping strategies, Sport commitment, Parental support, Coaches behaviour, Motivational climate and Self-efficacy in sports. The study shows that there were significant differences in psychological, physical and social profiles in the players of both countries. German players reported higher scores in motivation, perceived physical self-concept, self-confidence and commitment to the sport and found better to overcome anxiety and situation related problems. They were more social, and had full support from families, peers and coaches who can increase motivational climate to improve performance level, but contrary to expectations, Pakistani players reported a higher incidence of coping strategies. Reasons for the results are discussed with regard to differences in competitive goals and differences in environmental factors between both groups.

La thèse donne à voir et à comprendre en quoi consistent les organisations et l’expérience du travail dans les organisations à partir de l’analyse d’interactions verbales, corporelles et matérielles filmées dans des bureaux. Développant une approche praxéologique originale du côté de la recherche sur les organisations, nous contribuons en outre aux travaux sur les interactions en interrogeant la présence de l’institution dans des formats interactionnels, dans une démarche comparative que permet le corpus. L’exposition de notre ancrage théorique au croisement de ces courants nous conduit à une question épistémologique : est-il possible d’extraire des interactions en coprésence le Quoi du travail d’organisation, tel que l’ethnométhodologie a pu le formuler pour le travail professionnel ? Les résultats empiriques de l’enquête sont ensuite présentés dans cinq chapitres, chacun consacré à un phénomène ou moment de la vie dans les bureaux : les ouvertures des visites, les clôtures des visites, les appels téléphoniques pendant une interaction en coprésence, la mobilisation dans l’interaction du dispositif vidéo, et enfin les réajustements du cadre de participation. La comparaison des différents environnements de travail, des régularités au sein de chacun et entre eux, permet certaines découvertes. / The thesis endeavours to show and understand the very stuff of organisations and the experience of work in organisations, starting from the analysis of verbal, embodied and material interactions filmed in offices. Developing a praxeological, original approach within theories of organisation, we also aim to contribute to research on interactions by putting to question the relevance of institution within interactional patterns, through the comparative approach enabled by our corpus. A theoretical anchorage at the crossroads of these currents being set, we are lead to an epistemological question: is it possible to extract out of copresent interactions the What of organizing work, the way ethnomethodology did with studies of work? We present in the next five chapters our empirical results, each concerning one phenomenon or sequence of work in offices: opening a visit, closing a visit, answering an incoming phonecall during a copresent interaction, formulating the video cameras in interaction, and finally reajusting participation frame. Comparison of various work settings, of regularities between and within them, leads to some discoveries.