<p>Mothers and fathers in Sweden receive an earnings-related benefit of 80 percent of their income when they take parental leave. There exists a ceiling in the allowance though, meaning that some people with high earnings don’t receive fully 80 percent of their ordinary salary. The length of the parental leave varies between women and men and also among men and women. Various reasons are used to explain this; one of them is economical. This study investigates the economics reasons further by studying how additional compensations from the employer affect the length of the parental leave. The empirical material that is used in this study is called Time and money and it was collected in 2003 by Statistics Sweden. It consists of a survey of parents of 3164 children, born in 1993 or 1999.The used method for the study is regression analysis. Women and men are studied separately and also in different income-brackets. This proceeding makes it possible to detect if the effect of additional compensation vary by income. The result shows that mothers and fathers with high earnings are effected by the additional compensation from the employer, implying that economical reasons can’t be overlooked in explaining why the length of parental leave vary. No significant results are found for parents with low income.</p>

Mothers and fathers in Sweden receive an earnings-related benefit of 80 percent of their income when they take parental leave. There exists a ceiling in the allowance though, meaning that some people with high earnings don’t receive fully 80 percent of their ordinary salary. The length of the parental leave varies between women and men and also among men and women. Various reasons are used to explain this; one of them is economical. This study investigates the economics reasons further by studying how additional compensations from the employer affect the length of the parental leave. The empirical material that is used in this study is called Time and money and it was collected in 2003 by Statistics Sweden. It consists of a survey of parents of 3164 children, born in 1993 or 1999.The used method for the study is regression analysis. Women and men are studied separately and also in different income-brackets. This proceeding makes it possible to detect if the effect of additional compensation vary by income. The result shows that mothers and fathers with high earnings are effected by the additional compensation from the employer, implying that economical reasons can’t be overlooked in explaining why the length of parental leave vary. No significant results are found for parents with low income.

My thesis has dealt with the topic of impact of work environment on employee motivation in the selected company and its aim was to briefly literally introduce the issue of human resources and personnel management conditions, further to shed a light on the importance of ergonomics and the impact of working conditions on employees' motivation as well as their subsequent remuneration options. The methodology part includes the interviews with employees of the selected company, which were needed to determine primary information and follow-up survey, where the topic of the impact of working conditions on staff motivation and performance was specified. The outcome of the thesis is to propose innovative improvement measures leading to positive changes in the area of human resource management. This ought to result in the improvement of both the physical condition of workers and their satisfaction and motivation to administer the best possible job performance; not only currently, but even henceforth. All proposals for improving are processed with an approximate cost of the realization in case of potential interest, which has been significantly shown by company Unterer Ltd.

L’apport majeur de la thèse est de montrer que la place grandissante de la biodiversité dans les politiques d’aménagement du territoire tient beaucoup au rôle joué par les instruments d’évaluation des impacts, qu’on regroupe sous le terme d’évaluation environnementale. En considérant ces instruments (études d’impact, mécanismes de compensation, processus participatifs associés) comme des « coproductions », c’est-à-dire des instruments mélangeant des éléments de science et de décisions politiques, nous avons montré qu’ils avaient des effets propres qui ont largement influencé les politiques d’aménagement et la manière dont les acteurs de l’aménagement se représentent la biodiversité.L’étude des instruments de l’évaluation environnementale, selon une démarche socio-historique d’une part et au travers de l’étude d’une série de grands projets ferroviaires d’autre part, nous a permis de montrer l’existence de plusieurs « régimes » caractéristiques de l’évaluation environnementale, qui mobilisent différents outils et différentes représentations de la biodiversité, et que nous avons identifié comme « pionnier », « institutionnalisé » et « utilitariste ».L’étude de la biodiversité dans la société peut être appréhendée non seulement au travers des conventions, lois, et conflits d’acteurs qu’elle génère mais aussi par les instruments concrets mis en place pour la prendre en compte, ces instruments étant à la fois des révélateurs des représentations de la biodiversité à un moment donné et des vecteurs de changement de ces représentations. / The major contribution of this thesis is to show that the growing role for biodiversity in territorial planning policies is firmly linked to the role played by impact assessment instruments, grouped together under the term 'environmental assessment'. By considering these instruments (impact studies, offset mechanisms, associated participatory processes) as 'co-productions', that is to say as instruments mixing elements of science and political decision-making, we showed that they had their own effects, which have strongly influenced planning policies and the way in which planning actors conceive of biodiversity.The study of environmental assessment instruments, following on the one hand a socio-historical approach and on the other a series of case studies of large-scale railway projects, allowed us to show the existence of several 'regimes' characteristic of environmental assessment, that mobilise different tools and different representations of biodiversity, and which we have identified as 'pioneering', 'institutionalised' and 'utilitarian'.The study of biodiversity in society can therefore be approached not only through analysing the conventions, law and conflicts between actors that it generates, but also through considering the concrete instruments implemented in order to take biodiversity into account, these instruments revealing the representations of biodiversity at a moment in time and being the vectors of change in these representations.

No description available.

Notre thèse vise à étudier les conséquences d’une ablation totale ou partielle de la glande thyroïde suite à un dysfonctionnement thyroïdien, suivie ou non d’un traitement radiothérapique, et ce dans le domaine de la phonétique clinique. Ce type d’intervention perturbe généralement le système de production de la parole et conduit parfois à une dégradation de la qualité vocale de façon permanente (moins de 5% des cas) ou passagère. Le travail se veut une contribution aux recherches menées en linguistique et phonétique cliniques, plus particulièrement dans le cadre de l’analyse de faits compensatoires ou de réajustements mis en place par des patients, suite à une perturbation provoquée au niveau du fonctionnement de leur système phonatoire. Le travail a été effectué en collaboration avec le Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Vincent, et plus particulièrement avec la Clinique Sainte-Anne de Strasbourg, où se trouve le département de chirurgie thyroïdienne. Notre étude est longitudinale puisque nous avons suivi une cohorte de patients opérés de la glande thyroïde durant une année au moins, à raison d’une acquisition de données acoustiques et aérodynamiques par mois, l’examen post-opératoire ayant révélé ou non une lésion de la mobilité des plis vocaux. Nous avons étudié les possibles stratégies de compensation ou de réajustement que les patients ont pu mettre en place seuls ou à l’aide d’une rééducation orthophonique, et ce afin d’évaluer la flexibilité du système de production de la parole. Il s’agit donc d’étudier la flexibilité du système de production et de perception de la parole et de tenter de comprendre ce système à partir d’un dysfonctionnement d’origine pathologique. Il est ainsi question de déterminer les limites des déviations physiques imposées par les exigences linguistiques de clarté du système de perception de la parole. Par les différentes investigations que nous avons menées, nous avons tâché de rendre compte de la viabilité possible des unités phonétiques et phonologiques perceptivement stables, malgré une variabilité omniprésente dans le substrat physique, articulatoire, physiologique et acoustique. Une attention particulière est accordée aux dimensions sociétales liées à la qualité de vie (fatigue vocale, satisfaction des productions linguistiques, considération de soi, etc.). / Our thesis aims at studying the consequences of total or partial removal of the thyroid gland due to thyroid dysfunction, followed or not by a radiotherapy treatment, in the field of clinical phonetics. This type of intervention usually perturbs the speech production system and sometimes leads to permanent (less than 5% of cases) or transient degradation of voice quality. The work intends to be a contribution to research carried out in clinical linguistics and phonetics, more particularly in the area of compensatory or readjustment phenomena developed by patients, following perturbation provoked in their phonatory system. The work was carried out in collaboration with the Group Saint-Vincent Hospital, and more particularly with the Clinique Sainte-Anne of Strasbourg, within the department of thyroid surgery. Our study is longitudinal since we have followed a cohort of patients, who underwent thyroid gland surgery, for at least one year, acquiring acoustic and aerodynamic data every month, the postoperative examination having revealed or not a lesion in the mobility of the vocal folds. We have studied possible compensation or readjustment strategies that patients were able to deploy by themselves or with the help of speech therapy, in order to assess the flexibility of the speech production system. The purpose is thus to evaluate the flexibility of the speech production and perception system and to try to understand how this system works based on a specific dysfunction of pathological origin. It is thus a question of determining the limits of physical deviations imposed by linguistic requirements of clarity of the speech perception system. Through the various investigations that we have conducted, we have tried to account for possible viability of perceptually stable phonetic and phonological units, despite an omnipresent variability in the physical, articulatory, physiological and acoustic substrate. Particular attention is paid to societal dimensions related to quality of life (vocal fatigue, satisfaction of linguistic productions, self-esteem, etc.).

I find a significant positive compensation premium for executives employed by firms headquartered in Catholic counties. I document that the compensation premium holds only for board member executives and that it is related to weaker corporate governance in Catholic regions. In addition, I explore several corporate governance measures and reveal that weaker corporate governance is a result of more developed connection networks among executives in Catholic regions. I document that even though a denser executive's social network is associated with worse operating performance, it enables the executive to reach higher pay. Therefore, I suggest that executives in Catholic regions are using their more developed social networks and weaker corporate governance to extract additional rents from the firm. My findings are consistent with a larger development of social ties in more community-focused Catholic regions than in more individualistic Protestant regions. I contribute by showing how religion deters efficiency of the top executive labor market through social ties.

Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2018-04-18T12:27:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rafel Manoel de Oliveira - 2018.pdf: 1757956 bytes, checksum: 464aaa8d736398dec87202c9df822548 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-04-18T15:24:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rafel Manoel de Oliveira - 2018.pdf: 1757956 bytes, checksum: 464aaa8d736398dec87202c9df822548 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-18T15:24:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rafel Manoel de Oliveira - 2018.pdf: 1757956 bytes, checksum: 464aaa8d736398dec87202c9df822548 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-27 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This study aimed to verify if the acquisitions made by family companies generate better performance than those performed by non-family companies, and if there is a difference between the post-acquisition compensation of executives of family companies and executives from non- family companies of Brazilian companies listed in B3 in the period from 2009 to 2016. The research is supported mainly in the agency relations and the alignment of interests between the principal and the agent, studied by the Agency Theory. Data were collected through Thomson Reuters Ikon and the company reference form. Enterprises were classified as familiar or unfamiliar through the involvement and essential approaches. To achieve the objectives, three multiple regressions were estimated: two related to the performance of acquisitions, with data stacked and a sample of 244 acquisitions (86 companies), and one referring to executive compensation, with a sample of 96 companies with panel data not balanced. The results indicated that: i) Brazilian family firms tend to perform better with corporate acquisitions events compared to non-family acquisitions; and (ii) corporate acquisitions have a greater positive impact on the total remuneration of non-family business executives than on family firms. The results are consistent with the Agency Theory, which says that the gap between ownership and control creates agency conflicts and offers greater opportunities for expropriation by managers. / Este estudo buscou verificar se as aquisições realizadas por empresas familiares geram melhor desempenho do que aquelas realizadas por empresas não familiares, e se existe diferença entre a remuneração pós-aquisição de executivos de empresas familiares e de executivos de empresas não familiares de companhias brasileiras listadas na B3, no período de 2009 a 2016. A pesquisa se suporta principalmente nas relações de agência e no alinhamento de interesses entre o principal e o agente, estudados pela Teoria da Agência. Os dados foram coletados por meio da Thomson Reuters Ikon e pelo formulário de referência das empresas. As empresas foram classificadas como familiares ou não familiares por meio das abordagens de componente de envolvimento e abordagem essencial. Para cumprir os objetivos, foram estimadas três regressões múltiplas: duas referentes ao desempenho de aquisições, com dados empilhados e amostra de 244 aquisições (86 empresas), e uma referente à remuneração dos executivos, com uma amostra de 96 empresas, com dados em painel não balanceado. Os resultados indicaram que: i) as empresas brasileiras familiares tendem a ter desempenho superior com eventos de aquisições corporativas em relação às não familiares; e ii) as aquisições corporativas têm um maior impacto positivo na remuneração total dos executivos de empresas não familiares do que na de empresas familiares. Os resultados são consistentes com a Teoria da Agência, que diz que distanciamento entre a propriedade e o controle gera conflitos de agência e oferece maiores oportunidades de expropriação por parte dos gestores.

The acute effects of exercise on appetite, ad libitum energy intake and gut hormone responses have received much attention over the past two decades. The experiments in this thesis have contributed to this research by examining appetite, acylated ghrelin, peptide-YY (PYY), leptin and ad libitum energy intake responses to two consecutive days of moderate-high intensity running. To achieve this 15 individuals aged 21 (2) y, with a BMI of 23.0 (1.9) kg·m-2 were recruited. Additionally, appetite, acylated ghrelin, PYY, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and ad libitum energy intake responses to an acute bout of moderate intensity treadmill exercise were compared in lean and overweight/obese (ow/ob) males and females. Two separate cohorts of individuals were recruited; 22 lean individuals and 25 ow/ob individuals (aged 38 (15) and 45 (12) y, with a BMI of 22 (2) and 29 (3) kg·m 2, for lean and ow/ob individuals, respectively). In Chapter 4, two consecutive days of 60 min treadmill running at 70% VO₂ peak did not produce compensatory changes in appetite or energy intake over two days. There were no main effects of trial for acylated ghrelin or leptin. However a main effect of trial for PYY indicated higher concentrations on the exercise than control trial. A meta-analysis was completed in Chapter 5, suggesting further research in the effects of acute exercise on appetite regulatory hormones in individuals who are ow/ob was necessary. In Chapter 6, 60 min of treadmill exercise at 60% VO₂ peak did not alter appetite sensations or energy intake in the 7 h after exercise in lean and ow/ob males and females. There were no main effects of sex, BMI or trial for acylated ghrelin; however, PYY and GLP-1 concentrations were higher in exercise than control trials. This thesis has demonstrated that over two days, high volume exercise does not stimulate compensatory appetite regulatory changes, in lean healthy males. In the short term, lean and ow/ob males and females respond similarly to acute exercise, showing no alterations in appetite or food intake responses, whilst PYY and GLP-1 concentrations are higher in exercise than control trials.

Protection of environment and ownership The diploma thesis deals with relationship between protection of environment and ownership in legal system of Czech Republic. The thesis is based on complex approach to this matter and tries to cover all aspects of this relationship. Because typical for the relationship between protection of environment and ownership is a mutual collision, the thesis focuses on expressions of the collision in Czech legislation, among them various types of restrictions of the ownership in favour of protection of environment prevail. The diploma thesis analyses restrictions of ownership in the area of protection of wood, nature and landscape, agricultural land and water. In relation to the restrictions of ownership the diploma thesis deals with compensations for these restrictions. At the same time the diploma thesis introduces the ownership as a legal institute that can help to the protection of environment in many ways. Key words: protection of environment, ownership, restrictions of ownership, public interest, compensations 126 2