Global ETD Search

1	Comparative analysis of remaining oil saturation in waterflood patterns based on analytical modeling and simulation Azimov, Anar Etibar 16 August 2006 (has links) In assessing the economic viability of a waterflood project, a key parameter is the remaining oil saturation (ROS) within each pattern unit. This information helps in identifying the areas with the highest ROS and thus potential for further development. While special core analysis, log-inject-log, and thermal-decay time-log-evaluation techniques are available, they provide only single-point values and a snapshot in time near a wellbore. Also, they can quickly add up to an expensive program. The analytical areal distribution method estimates ROS in a waterflood pattern unit from material balance calculations using well injection and production data with no pressure information required. Well production and injection volumes are routinely measured in oilfield operations, making the method very attractive. The areal distribution technique estimates two major uncertainties: vertical loss of injected water into nontarget areas or areal loss into surrounding patterns, and injected water for gas fill-up. However, developers tested it only in low-pressure conditions, which are increasingly rare in oilfield operations. The main purpose of my research, then, was to verify whether or not the areal distribution method is valid in higher pressure conditions. Simulation of various waterflood patterns confirmed that the areal distribution method with its estimated ROS is capable of precise estimation of actual ROS, but at high pressures it requires consideration of pressure data in addition to injection and production data. Remaining oil saturation evaluation comperative analysis
2	Microsatellite Evolution in The Yeast Genome - A Genomic Approach Merkel, Angelika January 2008 (has links) Microsatellites are short (1-6bp long) highly polymorphic tandem repeats, found in all genomes analyzed so far. Popular genetic markers for many applications including population genetics, pedigree analysis, genetic mapping and linkage analysis, some microsatellites also can cause a variety of human neurodegenerative diseases and may act as agents of adaptive evolution through the regulation of gene expression. As a consequence of these diverse uses and functions, the mutational and evolutionary dynamics of microsatellite sequences have gained much attention in recent years. Mostly, the focus of studies investigating microsatellite evolution has been to develop more refined evolutionary models for estimating parameters such as genetic distance or linkage disequilibrium. However, there is an incentive in using our understanding of the evolutionary processes that affect these sequences to examine the functional implications of microsatellite evolution. What has emerged from nearly two decades of study are highly complex mutational dynamics, with mutation rates varying across species, loci and alleles, and a multitude of potential influences on these rates, most of which are not yet fully understood. The increasing availability of whole genome sequences has immensely extended the scope for studying microsatellite evolution. For example, where once it was common to examine single loci, it is now possible to examine microsatellites using genome wide approaches. In the first part of my dissertation I discuss approaches and issues associated with detecting microsatellites in genomic data. In Chapter 2 I undertook a meta-analysis of studies investigating the distribution of microsatellites in yeast and showed that studies comparing the distribution of microsatellites in genomic data can be fraught due to the application of different definitions for microsatellites by different investigators. In particular, I found that variation in how investigators choose the repeat unit size of a microsatellite, handle imperfections in the array and especially the choice of minimum array length used, leads to a large divergence in results and can distort the conclusions drawn from such studies, particularly where inter-specific comparisons are being made. In a review of the currently available suite of bioinformatics tools (Chapter 3), I further showed that this bias extends beyond a solely theoretical controversy into a methodological issue because most software tools not only incorporate different definitions for the key parameters used to define microsatellites, but also employ different strategies to search and filter for microsatellites in genomic data. In this chapter I provide an overview of the available tools and a practical guide to help other researchers choose the appropriate tool for their research purpose. In the second part of my thesis, I use the analytical framework developed from the previous chapters to explore the biological significance of microsatellites exploiting the well annotated genome of the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast). Several studies in different organisms have indicated spatial associations between microsatellites and individual genomic features, such as transposable elements, recombinational hotspots, GC-content or local substitution rate. In Chapter 4, I summarized these studies and tested some of the underlying hypotheses on microsatellite distribution in the yeast genome using Generalized Linear Models (GLM) and wavelet transformation. I found that microsatellite type and distribution within the genome is strongly governed by local sequence composition and negative selection in coding regions, and that microsatellite frequency is inversely correlated with SNP density reflecting the stabilizing effect point mutations have on microsatellites. Microsatellites may also be markers for recent genome modifications, due to their depletion in regions nearby LTR transposons, and elements of potential structural importance, since I found associations with features such as meiotic double strand breaks, regulatory sites and nucleosomes. Microsatellites are subject to local genomic influences, particularly on small (1-2kb) scales. Although, these local scale influences might not be as dominant as other factors on a genome-wide scale they are certainly of importance with respect to individual loci. Analysis of locus conservation across 40 related yeast strains (Chapter 5) showed no bias in the type of microsatellites conserved, only a negative influence of coding sequences, which supports again the idea that microsatellites evolve neutrally. Polymorphism was rare, and despite a positive correlation with array length, there was no relationship with either genomic fraction or repeat size. However, the analysis also revealed a non-random distribution of microsatellites in genes of functionally distinct groups. For example, conserved microsatellites (similar to general microsatellites in yeast) are mostly found in genes associated with the regulation of biological and cellular processes. Polymorphic loci show further an association with the organization and biogenesis of cellular components, morphogenesis, development of anatomical structures and pheromone response, which, is absent for monomorphic loci. Whether this distribution is an indication of functionality or simply neutral mutation (e.g. genetic hitch-hiking) is debatable since most conserved microsatellites, particularly variable loci, are located within genes that show low selective constraints. Overall, microsatellites appear as neutrally evolving sequences, but owing to the sheer number of loci within a single genome, individual loci may well acquire some functionality. More work is definitely needed in this area, particularly experimental studies, such as reporter-gene expression assays, to confirm phenotypic effects. microsatellites short tandem repeats software comperative genomics yeast
3	Microsatellite Evolution in The Yeast Genome - A Genomic Approach Merkel, Angelika January 2008 (has links) Microsatellites are short (1-6bp long) highly polymorphic tandem repeats, found in all genomes analyzed so far. Popular genetic markers for many applications including population genetics, pedigree analysis, genetic mapping and linkage analysis, some microsatellites also can cause a variety of human neurodegenerative diseases and may act as agents of adaptive evolution through the regulation of gene expression. As a consequence of these diverse uses and functions, the mutational and evolutionary dynamics of microsatellite sequences have gained much attention in recent years. Mostly, the focus of studies investigating microsatellite evolution has been to develop more refined evolutionary models for estimating parameters such as genetic distance or linkage disequilibrium. However, there is an incentive in using our understanding of the evolutionary processes that affect these sequences to examine the functional implications of microsatellite evolution. What has emerged from nearly two decades of study are highly complex mutational dynamics, with mutation rates varying across species, loci and alleles, and a multitude of potential influences on these rates, most of which are not yet fully understood. The increasing availability of whole genome sequences has immensely extended the scope for studying microsatellite evolution. For example, where once it was common to examine single loci, it is now possible to examine microsatellites using genome wide approaches. In the first part of my dissertation I discuss approaches and issues associated with detecting microsatellites in genomic data. In Chapter 2 I undertook a meta-analysis of studies investigating the distribution of microsatellites in yeast and showed that studies comparing the distribution of microsatellites in genomic data can be fraught due to the application of different definitions for microsatellites by different investigators. In particular, I found that variation in how investigators choose the repeat unit size of a microsatellite, handle imperfections in the array and especially the choice of minimum array length used, leads to a large divergence in results and can distort the conclusions drawn from such studies, particularly where inter-specific comparisons are being made. In a review of the currently available suite of bioinformatics tools (Chapter 3), I further showed that this bias extends beyond a solely theoretical controversy into a methodological issue because most software tools not only incorporate different definitions for the key parameters used to define microsatellites, but also employ different strategies to search and filter for microsatellites in genomic data. In this chapter I provide an overview of the available tools and a practical guide to help other researchers choose the appropriate tool for their research purpose. In the second part of my thesis, I use the analytical framework developed from the previous chapters to explore the biological significance of microsatellites exploiting the well annotated genome of the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast). Several studies in different organisms have indicated spatial associations between microsatellites and individual genomic features, such as transposable elements, recombinational hotspots, GC-content or local substitution rate. In Chapter 4, I summarized these studies and tested some of the underlying hypotheses on microsatellite distribution in the yeast genome using Generalized Linear Models (GLM) and wavelet transformation. I found that microsatellite type and distribution within the genome is strongly governed by local sequence composition and negative selection in coding regions, and that microsatellite frequency is inversely correlated with SNP density reflecting the stabilizing effect point mutations have on microsatellites. Microsatellites may also be markers for recent genome modifications, due to their depletion in regions nearby LTR transposons, and elements of potential structural importance, since I found associations with features such as meiotic double strand breaks, regulatory sites and nucleosomes. Microsatellites are subject to local genomic influences, particularly on small (1-2kb) scales. Although, these local scale influences might not be as dominant as other factors on a genome-wide scale they are certainly of importance with respect to individual loci. Analysis of locus conservation across 40 related yeast strains (Chapter 5) showed no bias in the type of microsatellites conserved, only a negative influence of coding sequences, which supports again the idea that microsatellites evolve neutrally. Polymorphism was rare, and despite a positive correlation with array length, there was no relationship with either genomic fraction or repeat size. However, the analysis also revealed a non-random distribution of microsatellites in genes of functionally distinct groups. For example, conserved microsatellites (similar to general microsatellites in yeast) are mostly found in genes associated with the regulation of biological and cellular processes. Polymorphic loci show further an association with the organization and biogenesis of cellular components, morphogenesis, development of anatomical structures and pheromone response, which, is absent for monomorphic loci. Whether this distribution is an indication of functionality or simply neutral mutation (e.g. genetic hitch-hiking) is debatable since most conserved microsatellites, particularly variable loci, are located within genes that show low selective constraints. Overall, microsatellites appear as neutrally evolving sequences, but owing to the sheer number of loci within a single genome, individual loci may well acquire some functionality. More work is definitely needed in this area, particularly experimental studies, such as reporter-gene expression assays, to confirm phenotypic effects. microsatellites short tandem repeats software comperative genomics yeast
4	En plats för livet : En jämförande fallstudie om hur två kommuner hanterar de demografiska förändringarna / A place to call home : A comperative case study a bout how two municipalities manage the demographic changes Widerberg, Annie, Hjalte, Matilda January 2015 (has links) Det råder stora ojämlikheter mellan Sveriges kommuner. Dessa ojämlikheter mynnar ut i tvåtrender som råder i många mindre kommuner: befolkningen åldras och urbaniseringsgradenökar. Urbaniseringsgraden har gjort att mindre kommuner har ett försämrat ekonomiskt lägreoch många kommuner står inför valet att antingen höja skatten eller reducera den kommunalaservicen. I denna uppsats kartlägger vi genom ekonomiska begrepp hur två medelstorakommuner har hanterat den demografiska utvecklingen samt vad kommunerna bör fokuserapå för att öka sin attraktivitet.Utifrån de demografiska nyckeltal som studerats kommer vi fram till att mycket av deekonomiska svårigheter som uppkom på 1970-talet lever kvar än idag hos många kommuner.De har hamnat i en negativ spiral som är svår att ta sig ur. Kommuner som å andra sidanklarat sig bättre ur krisen har haft ett bättre ekonomiskt utgångsläge. Det finns även ett tydligtsamband mellan en bra integration av så kallade outsiders och de kommunala finanserna.Uppsatsen tydliggör att en god arbetsmarknad, attraktiva bostäder och bra kommersiellt utbudär avgörande för en kommuns attraktivitet. / Currently there are big differences between municipalities in Sweden. These differences leadto two dissimilar tendencies: the population is aging and the degree of urbanisation increases.The urbanisation has set several smaller municipalities in a severe economic situation and alot of municipalities are facing to either raise the local tax or reduce the public service. In thispaper the authors’ research through economic concepts how two medium sized municipalitieshave handled the demographic changes and what the municipalities should do in order toincrease their attractiveness.The findings of this study indicate that the demographic changes, to a large extent, dependson previous recessions in the municipalities which still is causing an unbalanced economy.The municipalities are facing a downward spiral that is hard to emerge from. On the otherhand some municipalities managed the recessions in a more successful way and are nowfacing a more positive economic position. Further, there is a clear correlation between a wellfunctioningintegration on the labour market and public finances. The result of the paper alsoshows that a well-functioning labour market, housing market and commercial supplydetermines municipalities’ attractiveness.
5	Veřejné prostory historického jádra Brna - náměstí / Public Spaces of the Historic City Center of Brno - SQUARES Vaculíková, Petra January 2013 (has links) Changes of physical, functional and social structure of the city as a result of the group of variously interrelated changes and events that are fundamentally participate in the formation of the image of the urban development. This doctoral thesis is based on research of the historical city center - squared. First part is focuses on the historical development of urban texture of the inner city of Brno and its squares. We are talking about Square of Freedom, Vegetable Market, Dominican square, Jacobs square, Capuchins square and Šilingrovo square. Based on individual characteristics, describing the emergence of morphological and functional changes in Brno square was created urban classification of basic types of square. City of Brno, as the capital city of region has a significant position in the structure of settlements. This fact has become one of the key aspects for the selection of examples of European cities and their squares. The second part of the thesis is based on comparative studies of different types of historical squares. In order to define the value of public spaces, it is necessary to look at the public places of historical perspective and deal with the causes that led to the decline of the importance and role of public spaces. Austrian capital cities of region (Graz, Linz, Klagenfurt and Salzburg) will be examined with regard to similar climatic conditions and a common cultural and historical context of the city. Based on urban patterns and graphic diagrams of each square are observed inner relationships between shapes of square, form, function and location of the position of an artwork. Research areas are also focused on comparing aspects of transport, green space, functional use, visual unit and social activities. The public space is shaped by a set of characteristics that promote diversity and interdependence of functions. For a better interpretation of the results have been established two benchmarks - symbol of identification with the place and the Magnet (function and filling space). The objective of the thesis is to define an aspects and elements of space which were involved in square use.
6	Plotting Horror / Horror-Ästhetik in dramaturgischer Perspektive – zwischen Medienspezifik und Transmedialität Heuer, Thomas 06 May 2019 (has links) Die Entwicklungsschübe der modernen Medien im 20. Jahrhundert haben die Wechselbeziehungen zwischen den Künsten, den Medien, den Sinnesmodalitäten, den verbalen und nonverbalen Ausdrucks- und Zeichenprozessen verstärkt und erweitert. Im Zuge dieser Entwicklungen sind Genre- und Formatfragen über das disziplinäre Interesse einzelner Kunst- und Medienwissenschaften hinaus ins Aufmerksamkeitsfeld einer vergleichenden Medienästhetik und -dramaturgie ge-rückt. Aufbauend auf den Erkenntnissen von Kalisch 2014, 2016 und den Überlegungen Gaudreaults 2009 zu einer Unterscheidung zwischen Narration und Monstration, ist es gelungen ein Modell zur Analyse von Werken unter dem Ausgangspunkt von Dramaturgie und Präsentationsstruktur herauszubilden, das für jedwedes dramaturgisch motiviertes und fiktionales Werk verwendet werden kann, unab-hängig vom Medium. Als Mittel zur Verdeutlichung der Thesen wird Horror als ästhetische Kategorie definiert, die einen direkten Einfluss auf die narrativen Strukturen eines Werkes besitzt, was den narrativ-monstrativen Doppelcharakter von Werken belegt und ferner verdeutlicht, dass Erzählung und Formung eines Werkes untrennbar verbunden sind. Die Dualität von Dramaturgie und Präsenta-tionsstruktur wird in der Formung eines Werkes offenbar. Um dies zu verdeutli-chen, werden im Verlauf der Arbeit kursorisch Beispiele von Werken mit Schre-ckensinhalten diskutiert und analysiert. Basierend auf diesem Modell wird eine Diskussion des Themenkomplexes von Intermedialität und Transmedialität im Spannungsverhältnis zur Komparistik der Künste durchgeführt. In der Folge wird eine Ästhetik des Schreckens diskutiert und anhand von ästhetischen Wertungskategorien aufgezeigt. Abschließend werden drei narrativ-motivierte Konzeptionen für dramaturgisch angetriebene Schre-ckensinszenierungen aufgeführt, die zur Kategorisierung von Werken angewendet werden können: düstere Präfiguration, düstere Konfiguration und düstere Manifestation. / The development in modern media during the 20th century (from movies over television to the hybrid forms of audiovisual and textual media in the internet) reveals interdependencies between art, media, the modalities of senses, the verbal and nonverbal dictions and semiotic processes that have evolved and expanded themselfes. According to this progress the interest in art and media studies should achive a collective interest in the changes of genre and formats, instead of a sepa-rated observation of only single disciplines. Following the Prolegomena on a comperative drama of media by Eleonore Ka-lisch (Kalisch 2014) and the thougts of André Gaudreault on Narration and Mon-stration (Gaudreault 2009) this thesis bulids a system to analyse works of fiction (e. g. movies, pictures, literature, video games). This system allows to analyse and compare works of fiction based on drama and presentation structure. The horror genre is used to show the mechanics of this system. Horror has a direct influence on the narrative structure of a work and manifests a duality of narration and mon-stration (Kalisch 2016), that binds drama and presentation to each other and shows the necessity of a separated consideration on both aspects. The duality of drama and presentation reveals itself during the modeling of a work of fiction. Build on the system the discourse is open to discuss intermetiality and transmedi-ality and their influence on the field of interest. Furthermore, an aesthetic of hor-ror is defined by evaluation categories of aesthetic indicators. In the end three types of narrativ driven concepts of horror are revealed and discussed: gloomy pre-figuaration, gloomy configuration and gloomy manifestation. Horror Alien Dramaturgie düstere Konfiguration düstere Manifestation düstere Präfiguration Erzählwelt Filmwissenschaft Game Studies Games intermedial Intermedialität Jurassic Park Medienspezifik Medienwissenschaft Monstration Motiv Narration narrativ-monstrativer Doppelcharakter Original und Remake Project Zero Präsentationsstruktur Resident Evil Silent Hill Struktur Sujet Transmedia transmedial transmediale Erzählwelt transmediales Gesamtwerk transmediales Teilwerk Transmedialität Vergleichende Mediendramaturgie Ästhetik Ästhetik des Schreckens aesthetics aesthetics of horror Alien comperative drama dramatrurgy duality of drama and presentation Fatal Frame film studies game studies Games gloomy configuration gloomy manifestation gloomy prefiguaration horror Jurassic Park media sciences media studies monstration narration narrative original and remake Resident Evil Silent Hill specific media storyworld structure transmedia transmedia storyworlds tropes 117 Struktur 306 Kultur und Institutionen 700 Künste 776 Computerkunst (Digitale Kunst) 791 Öffentliche Darbietungen 812 Amerikanische Dramen in Englisch 822 Englische Dramen 832 Deutsche Dramen AP 37440 ddc:117 ddc:306 ddc:700 ddc:753 ddc:758 ddc:776 ddc:791 ddc:793 ddc:809 ddc:812 ddc:822 ddc:832 ddc:883 ddc:882

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