Association rule mining (ARM) is the task of identifying meaningful implication rules exhibited in a data set. Most research has focused on extracting frequent item (FI) sets and thus fallen short of the overall ARM objective. The FI miners fail to identify the upper covers that are needed to generate a set of association rules whose size can be exploited by an end user. An alternative to FI mining can be found in formal concept analysis (FCA), a branch of applied mathematics. FCA derives a concept lattice whose concepts identify closed FI sets and connections identify the upper covers. However, most FCA algorithms construct a complete lattice and therefore include item sets that are not frequent. An iceberg lattice, on the other hand, is a concept lattice whose concepts contain only FI sets. Only three algorithms to construct an iceberg lattice were found in literature. Given that an iceberg concept lattice provides an analysis tool to succinctly identify association rules, this study investigated additional algorithms to construct an iceberg concept lattice. This report presents the development and analysis of the Quick Iceberg Concept Lattice (QuICL) algorithms. These algorithms provide incremental construction of an iceberg lattice. QuICL uses recursion instead of iteration to navigate the lattice and establish connections, thereby eliminating costly processing incurred by past algorithms. The QuICL algorithms were evaluated against leading FI miners and FCA construction algorithms using benchmarks cited in literature. Results demonstrate that QuICL provides performance on the order of FI miners yet additionally derive the upper covers. QuICL, when combined with known algorithms to extract a basis of association rules from a lattice, offer a "best known" ARM solution. Beyond this, the QuICL algorithms have proved to be very efficient, providing an order of magnitude gains over other incremental lattice construction algorithms. For example, on the Mushroom data set, QuICL completes in less than 3 seconds. Past algorithms exceed 200 seconds. On T10I4D100k, QuICL completes in less than 120 seconds. Past algorithms approach 10,000 seconds. QuICL is proved to be the "best known" all around incremental lattice construction algorithm. Runtime complexity is shown to be O(l d i) where l is the cardinality of the lattice, d is the average degree of the lattice, and i is a mean function on the frequent item extents.

Flexible manufacturing is something that most companies is aiming to accomplish due to the increased demand for variety and a competitive global market. This thesis report includes an introduction to the automation concept and the development towards flexible automation. A general flexible assembly cell is presented and its content and requirements are discussed. The work has been done with focus on an assembly process with dedicated fixtures at VCE (Volvo Construction Equipment). Based on the literature review and the general example, a list of actions to take while planning and implementing a process is developed. The actions roughly include: mapping of the process, defining goals, investigation of automation level, holistic view while planning, definition of the need for flexibility, investment plan, designing and comparing concepts, investigation of possible issues and implementation in small scale. The current manual process at VCE is presented and analysed. Three concepts are designed with product flexibility as an alternative to processes in which traditional dedicated fixtures are used. The designed concepts are a fully automated concept, a hybrid concept with separated workspace and a human-robot collaboration. Finally, the concepts are analysed and compared based on following parameters: productivity, product cost, investment, flexibility, space requirement and setup time. One final comparing summary of the concepts is done. The analysis shows that a fully automated concept is to prefer in this case. However, a human-robot collaboration could be appropriate to use if the process is expected to improve with the human workforce. Examples of when it could be reasonable to use human-robot collaboration despite this are: if the task provides better quality when conducted by human or if the task is complex to automate.

In the introduction, doctoral thesis as a complex technological project uses the summary title Stability of production. Stability of production is defined as a maintaining the required properties of the system over a given time period. Stability of production, based on the literature study included: – generally known systems and concepts, for example Process Stability, System Stability, Toyota Production System, Lean Manufacturing, etc. – less-known systems and concepts, for example Maintaining the fidelity of the production program, Stable order-sequence concept. The practical part of the doctoral thesis is focused on the less-known concept: Stable order-sequence. The task of the Stable order-sequence is to follow the sequence of orders given by the planned production program in the course of the production and at the end of production. Maintaining the sequence of the orders has a positive experience in the logistics activities between the final producer and its suppliers. As it was found by the planned experiment for a full factory plan, the sequence of orders in the material flow of original equipment manufacturer is influenced mainly by: – the cause of the removing orders from material flow, – the effect of the causes LIFO stack vs. branched material flow, – the effect of the causes LIFO stack vs. branched material flow vs. the removing from the material flow. By the analysis of Stable order-sequence, it was found that the methodology of the concept contains deficiencies. It does not state how to choose for example the size of the time period, time interval, data editing etc. By this lack, the subject can skew the results in the evaluation of the indicator PFT0 up to 4 %. Or by using of suitable adjustment, the value of the indicator PFT0 can be improved more than 50 %. To test the concept of a Stable order-sequence in practice has been designed technological project with the support of discrete-event simulation. It was about the implementation of new management logic to the stack behind the welding of original equipment manufacturer. The new logic of management was designed with an emphasis on Stable order-sequence concept, to arrange the orders in process according to the planned sequence. On the base of the functionality verification of the new stack logic, it was found that the logic affects the sequence of the orders, but not fundamentally. In tracking the hourly intervals for 25th calendar week 2013, the value of PFT0 was not improved in 37 cases, the value remains in 30 cases and the value was improved by the value of the median 18,68 % in 30 cases orders.

GATA is a web-application used by truckdrivers transporting timber from assigned pick-up places in the forest to specific receiving locations. GATA is used to facilitate and ease the navigation, communication and planning behind each delivery. This create situations where GATA needs to be used while driving, this is both dangerous and illegal. To solve this problem a voice-controlled proof-of-concept application for the most common features used during driving was developed and given the name GATA-Assistenten. The application was designed with a concept of having a few basic features built upon a stable platform. Dialogflow was chosen as tool to create the AI-voice control and to get it integrated with Google Assistant. Two tracks were created, one for drivers to change the estimated time of arrival and one to get the status on the receiving sites. According to statics at least 0,5% of all traffic related accidents can be directly contributed to interacting with communication devices, this is without taking the unrecorded cases into account. The conclusion based on these statistics is that GATA-Assistenten can not only help avoid accidents but also save lives. If a company wants to invest in safety, it is paramount to use voice-control, however it is also important to do research and development on new technologies to find out and fix the causes behind accidents. / GATA är en webbapplikation som används av lastbilschaufförer vid frakt av timmer från skogarna till mottagningsplatser för att lättare navigera, kommunicera och planera körningar på uppdrag av SCA. Det innebär att chaufförerna ibland behöver använda GATA under färd, något som inte bara kan vara en trafikfara utan även är olagligt. För att lösa detta problem skall ett proof-of-concept på röststyrning utvecklas för några av de vanligaste funktionerna som används under färd i GATA. Röststyrningsapplikationen som fick namnet GATA-Assistenten designades utifrån ett koncept om att ha få grundläggande funktioner byggt på en stabil plattform. Dialogflow valdes som verktyg för att skapa en AI-baserad röststyrning med integration via Google Assistant. GATA- Assistenten bestod slutligen av två huvudspår, det ena för att ändra den av chauffören angivna ankomsttiden till mottagningsplatsen och det andra för att ta reda på aviseringsläge på mottagningsplatserna. Enligt statistik är minst 0,5% av alla olyckor direkt orsakade av en förares interaktion med någon form av kommunikationsutrustning, detta utan att ta mörkertalet i beaktande. Slutsatsen som kan tas av detta är att GATA-Assistenten kan hjälpa till att undvika olyckor och rädda liv. Vill ett företag satsa på säkerhet är röststyrning ett måste, om det finns en nollvision kring olyckor i trafiken måste dock mer forskning och utveckling läggas på ny teknik för att ta reda på samt åtgärda orsakerna bakom alla olyckor.

This Master Thesis was performed within Research & Technology at GKN Aerospace, Trollhättan. GKN Aerospace is participating in the Clean Sky 2 program, delivering the ICC to the UltraFan demonstrator. On this demonstrator, the split and load paths of three components in the compressor module are similar to earlier engine configurations, but GKN wanted to investigate if there are other, more efficient ways of building this structure. The aim of this thesis was therefore to investigate if there is a more efficient architecture and design of the static components in the compressor module for the UltraFan engine. Utilizing a more efficient architecture and design GKN can, in exchange of undertaking a larger part of the engine, provide engine manufacturers a more lightweight solution. This goes accordingly with GKN’s aim to undertake a larger total share of aero engines. The approach for concept development during this thesis has been based on a five-step concept generation method. First knowledge about different engine architectures and component designs was gathered through qualitative interviews with experts. This was followed by the creating of a simplified baseline, or reference, model based on the UltraFan compressor module. A Finite Element Analysis, FEA, of the baseline was performed which generated further understanding about the current design. The knowledge gathered, both in the interviews and by evaluating the baseline, was used as a basis when generating concepts. Four concepts were evaluated using a screening matrix, where the concept that best satisfied the set requirements was further developed. The refined concept was then compared to the baseline, by analyzing stiffness and ovalization for both designs. The results from the concept evaluation indicated that possible weight savings can be made, but further investigation and refinements are required to ensure fulfillment of the set stiffness and deformation requirements. A further refined version of the baseline simulation model and associated methods could be used to evaluate how different designs affect the performance in terms of weight, stiffness and ovalization.

Cette recherche, qui s'inscrit dans le cadre des travaux en didactique de l'informatique de Baron et Bruillard, analyse la façon dont des enseignants du primaire, non experts en informatique,conçoivent et mettent en œuvre des scénarios impliquant des robots pédagogiques de sol dans leurs classes. La mise en œuvre de ces robots a été étudiée avec l'objectif, d'apporter un éclairage sur leurs possibles apports pédagogiques. Il s'est agi de préciser comment ces enseignants parviennent à définir des situations didactiques de ces objets de connaissances auxquels ils n'ont jamais été confrontés et d'analyser la manière dont ils parviennent à développer chez les élèves une pensée informatique en actes. L'activité des élèves a été analysée, au travers l'approche instrumentale (Rabardel), en vue de comprendre de quelle manière l'apprentissage de concepts en informatique émerge de ces activités. La question des apprentissages des concepts et méthodes propres au domaine informatique par le biais de la robotique est analysée en prenant appui sur la théorie des champs conceptuels (Vergnaud). Cette recherche apporte des éléments permettant de comprendre comment ces enseignants parviennent, de manière intuitive, à développer et à mettre en œuvre des scénarios pour enseigner quelques concepts informatiques. Elle témoigne de leur capacité à intégrer des objets tangibles ou symboliques dans des séances d'apprentissage en informatique, en procédant à une analyse préalable à minima du fonctionnement du robot. Au cours des activités dans lesquelles ils sont mobilisés, outils robotiques et aides pédagogiques accompagnent les apprentissages. Sur le plan des apprentissages, les élèves se sont forgés, par des démarches d'instrumentation et d'instrumentalisation, des instruments et des méthodes pour comprendre l'objet informatique. Les concepts et notions en jeu sont particulièrement dépendants des contextes technologiques spécifiques à chacun des robots. Des méthodes propres à la production logicielle ont permis le séquençage de l'activité de programmation en phases de spécification, conception, réalisation et mise au point. Des paradigmes de programmation ont aussi été approchés, comme la programmation procédurale dans le cas du robot Bee-Bot et la programmation événementielle dans le cas de l'étude du comportement du robot Thymio. En dehors du domaine informatique, la résolution de problème, en étant placée au cœur des scénarios, a permis aux élèves de développer des démarches de tâtonnements, d'essais-erreurs dans un contexte de travail en petit groupe favorisant les échanges et les interactions entre les élèves. / This research, which takes place within the framework of Baron and Bruillard's research in didactics of computer science,analyzes how primary school teachers, not computer experts, design and implement scenarios involving ground pedagogical robots in their classrooms. The integration of these robots has been studied with the aim of shedding light on their possible pedagogical contributions. It shows how these teachers succeed in defining pedagogical situations of these knowledge objects to which they have never been confronted before and in developing pupils' thinking in action. Student activity was analyzed, through the instrumental approach (Rabardel), in order to understand how the learning of computational concepts emerges from these activities. The question of the learning of concepts and methods specific to the computer domain through robotics is analyzed using the theory of conceptual fields (Vergnaud). This research provides additional understanding how these teachers intuitively develop and implement scenarios to teach a few computer concepts. It demonstrates their ability to integrate tangible or symbolic objects into computer learning sessions by performing a minimum analysis of the robot's functionality. During the activities in which they are mobilized, robotic tools and teaching aids accompany learning. In terms of learning, pupils have forged, through instrumentation and instrumentalities, tools and methods to understand the computer object. The concepts and notions involved are particularly dependent on the technological contexts specific to each robot. Methods specific to software production allowed the sequencing of the programming activity into phases of specification, design, realization and development. Programming paradigms were also approached, such as procedural programming in the case of the Bee-Bot robot and event programming in the case of the study of the behavior of the Thymio robot. Outside the computer field, problem solving, by being placed at the heart of the scenarios, allowed students to develop trial and error approaches in a small group work environment that facilitate exchanges and interactions between students.

Selvan Naidoo, Student no: 0215998E. MSc Education, Faculty of Science, 2006. / This study used concept mapping to explore South African Grade 11 learners’ understanding of the function concept. Learners’ understanding of the function concept was investigated by examining the relationships learners made between the function concept and other mathematical concepts. The study falls within a social constructivist framework and is underpinned by the key educational notion of understanding. The research method employed was a case study. Data for the study was collected through a concept mapping task, a task on functions and individual learner interviews. In the analysis four key issues are identified and discussed. They are concerned with (a) learners who make most connections; (b) issues related to learners’ omission and addition of concepts; (c) learners’ use of examples in concept mapping and (d) the nature of connections learners made. The study concludes that concept mapping is an effective tool to explore learners’ understanding of the function concept. The report concludes with recommendations for classroom practice, teacher education and further research, particularly given the context of school mathematics practice in the South African curriculum where concept mapping (i.e. use of metacogs) has recently been incorporated as an assessment tool.

Par le biais d’une analyse textuelle des deux premières grandes Chroniques japonaises, le Kojiki et le Nihon shoki, ce travail aura visé à reconstruire le champ sémantique de la notion de koto en japonais archaïque. Après nous être affranchi des interprétations modernes de type koto-dama, (esprit des mots) nous avons entamé un examen poussé des cas de figure de plusieurs binômes ou trinômes koto-X comme koto-age, koto-muke, koto-yosashi, mi-koto-mochi, et d’autres, qui nous aura guidé vers la possibilité de penser ce koto comme un grand noyau de sens, où des dimensions sémantiques comme « fait », « parole », « essence », « injonction », et « sincérité » s’organisent dans un ensemble cohérent. Cette même cohérence est assurée par la notion de « vérité », qui sera indispensable pour comprendre les rapports d’adéquation entre tous ces versants du koto, notamment entre « faits » et « paroles. » La mise au point de quelques opérateurs heuristiques comme le « concept K » (le koto entendu dans tous ses versants, non seulement ceux les plus orthodoxes de « fait » et « parole ») et le « koto-wari » (un principe actif à caractère néguentropique, qui semble agir tout au long de nos textes sources) nous aura aidé à mieux illustrer la grande fonctionnalité de la notion de koto en japonais archaïque. Une telle variété de sens concentrés dans un seul mot suggère que l’étude de ce dernier peut s’avérer utile pour comprendre certains aspects du champ épistémologique de ce contexte lointain du Japon archaïque. / By means of a textual analysis of the two oldest Records of Japan, the Kojiki and the Nihon shoki, we have tried to reconstruct the semantic field of the koto’s notion in archaic Japanese. After having discarded the modern koto-dama-type interpretations of this word koto, we have proceeded to a long and detailed analysis of the compounds koto-X such as koto-age, koto-muke, koto-yosashi, mi-koto-mochi, and others. This analysis have led us to think the koto’s notion as a big core full of different meanings like « fact », « word », « essence », « injunction », and « sincerity », which are all kept close to one another by the cohesive force of the idea of « truth. » This idea seems to be the instance controlling the adequacy between all these dimensions, especially between the words and the facts described in those same words. We have heuristically created some concepts like the « concept K » (the koto understood as a big whole full of different dimensions, not just as a two-fold notion composed of « fact » and « word ») and the « koto-wari » (an active principle of negative entropy which seems to be present all over these old Records), in order to better illustrate the big functionality of the koto’s notion in archaic Japanese. Such a rich variety of meanings for a single word suggests that its study would help to understand some aspects of the epistemological field of archaic Japan, a context so distant from ours.

李敬國. / "2001年9月" / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2001. / 參考文獻 (leaves 133-140) / 附中英文摘要. / "2001 nian 9 yue" / Li Jingguo. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2001. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 133-140) / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / 凡例 --- p.1 / 前言 --- p.4 / Chapter 第一章 --- 康德的前驅：希臘及代關於「自由」的學說 --- p.8 / Chapter 〈一〉 --- 導言 --- p.8 / Chapter 〈二〉 --- 自由意志與自由槪念的發展 --- p.9 / Chapter 〔I〕 --- 多德 --- p.9 / Chapter 〔II〕 --- 笛卡爾 --- p.13 / Chapter 〔III〕 --- 斯賓諾莎 --- p.16 / Chapter 〔IV〕 --- 休謨 --- p.21 / Chapter 〔V〕 --- 萊布尼茲 --- p.25 / Chapter 〈三〉 --- 小結 --- p.30 / Chapter 第二章 --- 康德的自由槪念 --- p.32 / Chapter 〈一〉 --- 自由槪念底價値與意義 --- p.32 / Chapter 〈二〉 --- 自由槪念 --- p.39 / Chapter 〔I〕 --- 《純粹理性之批判》中的自由槪念 --- p.39 / Chapter (A) --- <超驗辯證論> 〉 --- p.39 / Chapter (1) --- 「二律背反」底推述 --- p.39 / Chapter (2) --- 「超驗自由」與兩重世界之界分 --- p.45 / Chapter (B) --- <純粹理性底法規> 〉 --- p.47 / Chapter (C) --- 自由底任意與天然自由之關係 --- p.51 / Chapter 〔II〕 --- 《道德底形而上學之基礎》中的自由槪念 --- p.53 / Chapter (1) --- 從《純粹理性之批判》到「實踐理性之批判 」 --- p.54 / Chapter (2) --- 自由槪念底發現 --- p.56 / Chapter (3) --- 自由槪念底兩種意義 --- p.61 / Chapter (4) --- 「自由」與有理性者底關係 --- p.63 / Chapter (5) --- 關於循環論證底問題 --- p.65 / Chapter 〔III〕 --- （實踐理性之批判》中的自由槪念 --- p.67 / Chapter (1) --- 自由與道德底關係 --- p.67 / Chapter (2) --- 「自由」理念一作爲實踐理念底公設 --- p.72 / Chapter 〔IV〕 --- （判斷力之批判》中的自由槪念 --- p.74 / Chapter (1) --- 從「自由」至「自然」之過 渡 --- p.74 / Chapter (2) --- 「自由」與「合目的性」槪念 --- p.77 / Chapter 第三章 --- 康德哲學中的自由意志 --- p.81 / Chapter 〈一〉 --- 引言 --- p.81 / Chapter 〈二〉 --- 意志概念 --- p.81 / Chapter 〔I〕 --- 意志槪念底基本義 --- p.81 / Chapter 〔II〕 --- 意志與理性 --- p.85 / Chapter 〔III〕 --- "“Wille´ح 與""Willkur´ح 之意義" --- p.87 / Chapter (1) --- 《純粹理性之批判》中的「意志 」 --- p.87 / Chapter (2) --- 《道德底形而上學之基礎》中的「意志 」 --- p.89 / Chapter (3) --- 《實踐理性之批判》中的「意志」 --- p.91 / Chapter (4) --- 《道德底形而上學》中的/意志 」 --- p.92 / Chapter (5) --- 「意願」與「意念」之區分 --- p.96 / Chapter (6) --- 「意念」與「意志」之區 分 --- p.98 / Chapter 〔IV〕 --- 善的意志 --- p.100 / Chapter 〈三〉 --- 義務槪念 --- p.103 / Chapter 〔I〕 --- 義務槪念乃唯有理性者所專屬 --- p.103 / Chapter 〔II〕 --- 「出於義務」與「合乎義務」 --- p.104 / Chapter 〔III〕 --- 「義務」與「愛好」 --- p.106 / Chapter 〔IV〕 --- 善的意志與義務間底關係 --- p.108 / Chapter 〈四〉 --- 定言令式 --- p.117 / Chapter 〔I〕 --- 道德律則僅唯一定言令式 --- p.118 / Chapter 〔II〕 --- 定言令式底原則 --- p.121 / Chapter 〔III〕 --- 目的王國與意志自律 --- p.122 / Chapter 〔IV〕 --- 意志自律爲一切道德律則所依據底惟一原則 --- p.125 / 結語 --- p.128 / 參考書目 --- p.133

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.