En abordant le sujet des modes alternatifs de règlement des différends relatifs aux investissements internationaux dans les pays arabes, nous nous étions fixé de répondre à deux questions qui nous semblaient essentielles. Les législations internes arabes, et particulièrement les méthodes de règlement qu’elles prévoient, sont-elles adaptées aux exigences économiques et aux besoins de leurs États ? Et sont-elles compatibles avec les engagements pris par les États arabes au niveau international ?Nous avons pu constater une certaine ambiguïté de ces législations, une certaine divergence entre elles et également une incompatibilité avec les engagements pris par les États au niveau international. Par ailleurs nous avons pu constater une certaine évolution, dans le sens de la modernité, de ces États au niveau interne et international. L’évolution des droits arabes est exprimée par l’admission des modes de règlement alternatif des différends, surtout dans les législations modernes en matière d’investissement ou d’arbitrage. Elle se constate également lors de la mise en œuvre de ces modes de règlement des différends. Mais le plus important est sans contestation possible la conclusion par les États arabes d’un grand nombre de traités en la matière, ce qui fait du droit international et non plus des droits internes, la source principale des procédures des investissements étrangers. / By choosing the theme of alternative dispute resolution relating to international investment in Arab countries, two essential questions are to be answered. Are the Arab domestic laws, and in particular the settlement methods they foresee, adapted to economic requirements and to the needs of their States ? And are they consistent with the commitments made by the Arab States at the international level ? Some ambiguites can be found in these legislations, together with some differences and incompatibilities with the commitments made by these States at the international level. An evolution in the direction of modernity of these states can be noticed, both at an internal and international level. The evolution of Arab laws is expressed by the admission of alternative dispute resolution mecanismes, especially in modern legislation concerning investment or arbitration, and by way they are implemented. But the most important issue is the conclusion by the Arab States of a large number of treaties in the field, placing international law, rather than domestic law, at the heart of foreign investment procedures.

The right to legal representation at internal disciplinary hearings and arbitration proceedings at the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA), and bargaining councils, where the reason for dismissal relates to misconduct or incapacity is a topic that is raised continuously and often debated. Despite no amendments to labour legislation pertaining to the issue at hand there was however a recent Supreme Court of Appeal judgment. This judgment alters one’s view and clarifies the uncertainties that were created around Rule 25 of the CCMA rules, it also brings a different perspective to the matter, but it will however continue to ignite significant interest. There is no automatic right to legal representation at disciplinary hearings, at the CCMA, and at bargaining councils where disputes involve conduct or capacity and this is the very reason why it is a contentious matter for all parties to grapple with. The dismissal of an employee for misconduct may not be significant to the employer, but the employee’s job is his major asset, and losing his employment is a serious matter to contend with. Lawyers are said to make the process legalistic and expensive, and are blamed for causing delays in the proceedings due to their unavailability and the approach that they adopt. Allowing legal representation places individual employees and small businesses on the back foot because of the costs. Section 23(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act 108 of 1996, provides everyone with the right to fair labour practices, and section 185 of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 gives effect to this right and specifies, amongst others, that an employee has the right not to be unfairly dismissed. At internal disciplinary hearings, the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 is silent as to what the employee’s rights are with regards to legal representation and the general rule is that legal representation is not permitted, unless the employer’s disciplinary code and procedure or the employee’s contract allows for it, but usually an employee may only be represented by a fellow employee or trade union representative, but not by a legal representative. In MEC: Department of Finance, Economic Affairs and Tourism, Northern Province v Mahumani, the Supreme Court of Appeal held that there exists no right in terms of the common law to legal representation in tribunals other than in courts of law. However, both the common law and PAJA concede that in certain situations it may be unfair to deny a party legal representation. Currently the position in South Africa is that an employee facing disciplinary proceedings can put forward a request for legal representation and the chairperson of the disciplinary hearing will have the discretion to allow or refuse the request. In Hamata v Chairperson, Peninsula Technikon Internal Disciplinary Committee, the Supreme Court of Appeal found that the South African law does not recognise an absolute right to legal representation in fora other than courts of law, and a constitutional right to legal representation only arises in respect of criminal matters.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_nayara_queiroz.pdf: 3405923 bytes, checksum: aa6753f984bb0e0f8eab70acf76b6fbc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-17 / The Judiciary has exercised a great influence on the formation of the Brazilian state, which emphasized the role of the judicial profession in society. As jurists, the judges had a great influence in developing the structure and the state organization that earned them enormous prestige and power within the social environment. This feature associated with the struggle for independence and professionalism of the category generated a distance of judges with the public, and training for the judges based on the Cartesian method of doing science, which not accompanied the social changes brought by modernity, has enlarged this distance, generating a dissatisfaction with the performance of the Judiciary, including the labor sector. The increased conflictuality that caused by the changes implemented in the modern world requires rapid and effective responses of the judiciary, social as peacemaker. In this scenario, the means of conflict resolution should be privileged, that beyond the Judiciary of relief, resolve the dispute within society. Reconciliation has been promoted as the best and quickest solution to the lawsuits, so they need to be improved. Humanizing is an alternative approach to the judiciary of the citizen and helping in the mission of pacifying the conflict, for it promises the improvement of the person to cope better in society, in a time when the isolation and the contradictions seem to reach the modern man. This study aimed to identify the direction of the relationship between the judge and the parties, through an existential phenomenological research, using as a methodological tool, the version of meaning, to collect data. Results and discussion show that the speech of judges and parties of the axes of meanings emerged that reveal the feelings of each search, including specific thematizations Judges; axes that are communicated in the experiences of the parties and others axes which are peculiar to each part in particular. Analyzing these units of meaning they can trace connections to the literature review, highlighting the need to improve the judicial activity and promote a reflection on the postures adopted in the Judiciary of the Paraiba. This Search concluded by suggesting a new perspective to humanize the conciliatory attempt, taking the fundamentals of the Person Centered Approach to qualify and deploy the conciliation within the Judiciary proposing the conciliation a humanist / O Poder Judiciário exerceu uma grande influência na formação do Estado brasileiro, o que ressaltou o papel da classe jurídica dentro da sociedade. Como juristas, os magistrados tiveram uma grande influência na elaboração da estrutura e organização estatal o que lhes renderam um enorme prestígio e poder dentro do meio social. Esta característica associada à luta pela independência e profissionalização da categoria gerou um distanciamento dos juízes com os cidadãos, sendo que a formação da magistratura baseada no método cartesiano de fazer ciência, que não acompanhou as transformações sociais trazidas pela modernidade, aprofundou ainda mais este afastamento, gerando uma insatisfação com a atuação do Poder Judiciário, inclusive no ramo trabalhista. O aumento da conflituosidade provocado pelas modificações implantadas no mundo moderno exige respostas rápidas e efetivas do Poder Judiciário, como pacificador social. Neste panorama, os meios de solução de conflitos devem ser privilegiados, que além de desafogarem a máquina judiciária, resolvem a contenda no seio social. A conciliação vem sendo estimulada como melhor e mais rápida solução para as ações judiciais, portanto precisa ser aprimorada. A humanização da atuação jurisdicional se apresenta como alternativa para aproximar o Poder Judiciário do cidadão e auxiliar na missão de pacificação dos conflitos, pois promete o aperfeiçoamento da pessoa para melhor conviver em sociedade, em um momento em que o isolamento e as contradições parecem atingir o homem moderno. O presente trabalho objetivou identificar o sentido da relação estabelecida em audiência entre o magistrado e as partes, através de uma pesquisa fenomenológica existencial, utilizando como instrumento metodológico, a versão de sentido, para a coleta de dados. Os resultados e discussão demonstram que das falas dos magistrados e dos jurisdicionados emergiram eixos de significados que revelam o sentimento de cada pesquisado, inclusive com tematizações específicas dos Juízes; eixos que se comunicavam nas vivências dos reclamantes e dos reclamados e outros que são peculiares a cada parte em específico. Analisando estas unidades de significações se podem traçar conexões com a revisão da literatura que evidenciaram a necessidade de aperfeiçoar a atividade jurisdicional e promoveram uma reflexão sobre as posturas adotadas na atuação do Poder Judiciário Trabalhista da Paraíba. Conclui-se com a sugestão de uma nova perspectiva para humanizar a tentativa conciliatória, adotando os fundamentos da Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa para qualificar este ato jurisdicional e implantar dentro da Justiça do Trabalho uma conciliação humanista

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_fernanda_daniele.pdf: 449640 bytes, checksum: ba4b94496d12d6f8247b2dccd89e7ce9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-31 / This study aims to analise the interdisciplinar mediation system under the new science paradigm, however, not as an alternative or same break to use the traditional litigation system, but trying to integrate or connect one to another, as one more function of Welfare state. The work starts from a historical account of mediation throghout the world, with enphasis in the countries which have more influence over Brazil´s own mediation system construction. New science paradigms are discussed by their dimensions of complexity, instability and intersubjectivity, which validate the need of integration between legal and mediation systems and, at last, the mediation is analysed into its more relevants aspects, that is, the power of management of conflicts, legal nature, interdiciplinarity and mediator´s interventions. Brazilian legislative moviment towards the legalization of mediation is also presented, as well as the description of mediation use in Pernambuco State by the Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration Center of Recife. The research method was based upon the reading of a vaste bibliography about the subject at the Law Science framework, helped by same other disciplines, as well as by a case study which was built after the analysis of 1,481 legal agreements that took place in the period between June, 2008 and May, 2009 at CMA-Recife. The results suffered a statistic evaluation and acchieved their aims, specially by the identification of an adequate way for peaceful and kind conflicts resolution that should be integrated to the traditional legal system / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o sistema da mediação interdisciplinar sob o novo paradigma da ciência, porém sem posicioná-lo como alternativa ou como anteparo de acesso ao sistema jurisdicional tradicional, mas a este tentando se integrar, se inter-relacionar, como mais um papel assumido pelo Estado do Bem-Estar Social. O estudo parte de um relato histórico da mediação no mundo, com ênfase nos países que mais vêm influenciando o Brasil na construção do seu sistema próprio de mediação. Discorre sobre os novos paradigmas da ciência em suas dimensões de complexidade, instabilidade e intersubjetividade, as quais fundamentam a necessidade de integração entre o sistema jurisdicional e o da mediação e, por fim, analisa a mediação em seus aspectos mais relevantes: poder de gestão de conflitos, natureza jurídica, interdisciplinariedade e participação do mediador. O movimento legislativo brasileiro pela regulamentação da mediação também é apresentado, juntamente com a descrição do uso da mediação no Estado de Pernambuco por meio da Central de Conciliação, Mediação e Arbitragem do Recife. O método de pesquisa tomou por base a leitura do repertório bibliográfico sobre o tema no âmbito da Ciência do Direito com aporte em outras disciplinas, bem como o estudo de caso realizado por meio da análise de 1.481 termos de acordo realizados perante a CMA-Recife entre os meses de junho/2008 a maio/2009. Os resultados passaram por uma avaliação estatística e levaram ao cumprimento do seu objetivo, especialmente ao identificar uma via adequada para a solução consensual e pacífica de conflitos integrada ao sistema jurisdicional tradicional

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cleide_marcia_farias.pdf: 573282 bytes, checksum: 490bf1bc919333c66654d87c6cc4917c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-24 / This study aims to discuss the application of alternative forms of conflict resolution, specifically mediation and conciliation, and to identify the perception of these figures between service users and operators of Law. The study also seeks to demonstrate that the institutions of mediation and conciliation can promote the fundamental right of access to justice. It also aims, noticing increased attention given to mediation and conciliation held on proceeding pending by the power structures in the judicial sphere. For this purpose presents studies demonstrating the legislative model used in the country for the implementation and application of mediation and conciliation. The paper examines the need for more specific rules to guide the reconciliation, and especially the pre -trial mediation. It also presents statistical data and surveys with the objective of verifying the performance of various forms of conflict resolution used in Brazil, as users become aware of its existence and know the real difference between them. Regarding the technical and methodological procedures, the research involves a literature analysis fundamentally made from books, journal articles and available material on the Internet, documentary, with the analysis of Brazilian legislation, and other countries, about the alternative methods of conflict resolution. The result of the study shows the need for greater disclosure of mediation and conciliation as alternative forms of conflict resolution. Inform and educate people to the various forms that could be used to solve problems from their own ideas and choices, thereby empowering the individual to decide about their own lives and their conflicts, thus representing an instrument of execution citizenship. / O presente estudo tem por objetivo discutir a aplicação das formas alternativas de resolução de conflitos, mais especificamente a mediação e a conciliação, bem como apontar a percepção destas figuras entre os usuários do serviço e os operadores do direito. O estudo busca ainda demonstrar que os institutos da mediação e da conciliação podem promover o direito fundamental de acesso à justiça. Objetiva ainda, constatar a maior atenção dispensada para a mediação e a conciliação realizada em processos em trâmite por parte das estruturas de poder na esfera jurisdicional. Para este fim apresenta estudos que demonstram o modelo legislativo utilizado no país para a implantação e aplicação da mediação e da conciliação. O trabalho examina a necessidade de regulamentação mais específica para orientar a conciliação e, principalmente, a mediação pré-processual. São ainda apresentados dados estatísticos e pesquisas com o objetivo de verificar o desempenho das várias formas de resolução de conflitos utilizadas no Brasil; como os usuários tomam conhecimento de sua existência e se sabem a efetiva diferença entre elas. Em relação aos procedimentos técnico-metodológicos, a pesquisa envolve um levantamento bibliográfico, constituído fundamentalmente por análise de livros, artigos de periódicos e material disponibilizados na Internet; documental, com a análise da legislação brasileira, e de outros países, acerca dos métodos alternativos de resolução de conflitos. O resultado do estudo aponta para a necessidade de uma maior divulgação da mediação e da conciliação como formas alternativas de resolução de conflitos. Informar e educar as pessoas para as formas diversas que poderiam ser utilizadas para solucionar problemas, a partir de suas próprias concepções e escolhas, dessa forma empoderando o indivíduo para decidir acerca de sua própria vida e dos seus conflitos, representando assim, um instrumento de efetivação da cidadania.

La virtualización de servicios públicos en el Perú se da principalmente por dos razones: la modernización del estado como objetivo de desarrollo nacional y la mejora continua en la calidad de la oferta de servicios públicos. El servicio de conciliación administrativa laboral del Ministerio de Trabajo y Promoción del Empleo (MTPE), se ejecutaba en la modalidad presencial hasta la llegada de la crisis sanitaria mundial y hasta la fecha no ha migrado a la modalidad virtual, motivo por el cual se dejó de brindar este servicio. El presente trabajo de investigación analiza la necesidad de virtualizar este servicio como una de las acciones de respuesta del estado frente a la necesidad de modernizar sus servicios y a los retrasos administrativos sufridos por la pandemia del COVID19. Cabe mencionar que este servicio es demandado y contribuye a la protección de los derechos laborales de los trabajadores. / The virtualization of public services in Peru occurs for two main reasons: the modernization of the state as a national development objective and the continuous improvement in the quality of the supply of public services. In Peru, the administrative labor conciliation service of the Ministry of Labor and Employment Promotion (MTPE) was executed in a face-to-face manner until the arrival of the global health crisis and to date has not migrated to the virtual platform, which is why to provide the service. This research work analyzes the need to virtualize this service as one of the state's response actions to the need to modernize its services and mitigate the administrative delays suffered because of the COVID19 pandemic. It is worth mentioning that this service is in demand and contributes to the protection of workers labor rights. / Trabajo de investigación

"The Organisation of African Unity (OAU), in spite of its commitments to human rights, failed to develop its institutions for conflict resolution and thus address the problem of massive and grave human rights violations that occurred as a result of conflicts. The OAU failed to actively engage the African Commission, which was established to promote and protect human rights, in addressing any of the conflicts in Africa. The OAU also failed to take action on the reports of the African Commission, in which the Commission had highlighted cases of massive and grave violations of human rights occasioned from conflicts. Consequently, most of the conflicts in Africa have not been fully resolved and there are still instances of sporadic outbreaks of violent conflicts with fatal consequences. The African Union (AU) improves upon the commitment of the OAU to human rights and conflict resolution by incorporating human rights norms into its Constitutive Act and the establishment of the Peace and Security Council of the African Union (AUPSC). However, the AU is yet to demonstrate its real commitment to human rights and conflict resolution particularly in taking action on reports of violations of human rights occurring as a result of conflicts. ... This thesis is composed of five chapters. This first chapter provides a general introduction to the thesis and outlines its structure. Chapter two looks at the relationship between human rights and conflict resolution and examines some of the tensions that exist between the two fields in terms of their normative standards, objectives and strategies. The third chapter then looks at the mechanisms for conflict resolution in Africa under the OAU, manely the Commission of Mediation, Conciliation and Arbitration (CMCA) and the Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management and Resolution (MCPMR), their successes and failures and the lessons that can be drawn from their performance and also discusses the role of the African Commission in conflict resolution. Chapter four discusses the AUPSC, its structure, powers, organisaton and performance so far. Chapter five covers the conclusions and recommendations of the study." -- Introduction. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2004. / Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Enid Hill at the Department of Political Science, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, American University in Cairo, Egypt / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/llm1.html / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / Over the past few years, there has been a noticeable increase of cases that the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA) has dealt with relating to dismissal for social media posts by employees. Employees have shared some of their unpleasant experiences with their employers, some have expressed their grievances and in other situations have posted on social media platforms how unfairly they feel they are treated by their employers. There is very little scholarly research in South Africa on the discussion on the use of social media and how it affects the employment relationship that exists between the employer and employee as well as how it may affect the relationship that exists between colleagues. The main objective of this research is to establish whether there is a fair reason to dismiss an employee based on what they post on their personal social media platforms, and to understand when and how the right to privacy can be limited. The aim of this research is to find whether there are any shortcomings in the South African labour laws that social media has opened in our laws with regards to the employment relationship and the use of social media, if there are any shortcomings will recommend how the said shortcomings can be addressed.

Problématique de recherche. Les parents salariés doivent faire une conciliation entre la sphère familiale et celle du travail. Plusieurs de ceux-ci vivent une difficulté à répondre aux besoins des deux sphères sans que l’une empiète sur l’autre. Ils ressentent des conflits de conciliation travail-famille, et ceci peut avoir un effet sur les choix alimentaires. On peut se demander quel est l’effet de cette conciliation chez les parents étudiants qui constituent une portion non négligeable de la population étudiante et qui sont dans une condition différente, possiblement plus difficile à concilier, des parents salariés. La présente étude porte plus spécifiquement sur les mères étudiantes, qui s’occupent historiquement et encore aujourd’hui davantage des tâches liées à l’alimentation et qui sont surreprésentées chez les parents étudiants. Objectif de recherche. L’objectif principal est d’explorer la conciliation études-famille des mères étudiantes de l’Université de Montréal et leurs relations avec l’alimentation. Méthodologie. En se basant sur un cadre conceptuel inspiré de la littérature, une approche mixte quantitative et qualitative a été utilisée. Un sondage a été effectué auprès de 169 mères étudiantes à l’automne 2021. Des entrevues individuelles avec huit mères étudiantes ont ensuite permis d’obtenir des informations complémentaires. Résultats. Les mères étudiantes rapportent des indicateurs témoignant d’un conflit études-famille, tel qu’un manque de temps disponible. Quoique la répartition des tâches entre la mère aux études et leur partenaire soit semblable à celle des ménages québécois, elles perçoivent effectuer davantage de tâches liées à l’alimentation. Les stratégies alimentaires des mères pour sauver du temps sont variées, certaines vont vers des aliments prêts-à-manger ou de la restauration rapide, d’autres favorisent la cuisine maison à l’aide de recettes simples, d’utilisation d’équipements de cuisine (mijoteuse, robot culinaire…), de la planification et de la préparation à l’avance. La majorité des mères se disent satisfaites des décisions alimentaires prises pour leur famille, mais une proportion d’entre elles vivent parfois de la culpabilité face au choix effectués. Les données obtenues lors du volet qualitatif ont pu attester de celles obtenues lors du volet quantitatif et offrent certaines pistes de réflexion, comme l’aspect temporaire des choix alimentaires puisque les études ne durent que quelques années. Conclusion. Cette étude permet d’avoir un regard sur l’alimentation des mères étudiantes pour mieux comprendre leur réalité. Cela facilitera le choix d’interventions qui seraient les plus adéquates pour correspondre à leurs motivations et leurs contraintes. / Context. Employed parents must balance their family and work spheres. Many of them find it difficult to meet the needs of both without one encroaching on the other. They experience work-family conflicts, and this can impact their food choices. One may wonder what the effect of this reconciliation is on student parents who constitute a significant portion of the student population and who are in a different situation than employed parents. This study focuses more specifically on student mothers, who historically and still today take more care of food-related tasks and who are overrepresented among student parents. Research objective: The main objective is to explore the study-family balance of student mothers at the University of Montreal and their relationship with food. Methodology: Based on a conceptual framework inspired by the literature, a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach was used. A survey of 169 student mothers took place in the fall of 2021. Individual interviews with eight student mothers then made it possible to obtain additional information. Results: Student mothers perceived indicators of a study-family conflict, such as a lack of available time. The distribution of tasks between the mother and their partner is like Quebec households: mothers perceive that they do more food-related tasks. Mothers' food strategies to save time are varied, some go for ready-to eat foods or fast food, while others promote home cooking with simple recipes, the use of kitchen equipment (slow cooker, food processor…), planning and preparation in advance. Most mothers are satisfied with the food decisions made for their families, but at the same time, a significant portion of them sometimes experience guilt over their choices. The qualitative data obtained could confirm those obtained in the quantitative part and could identify certain avenues for reflection, such as the temporary aspect of food choices for some mothers since studies last only a few years. Conclusion: This study allows us to have a look at the diet of student mothers to better understand their reality. This will facilitate the choice of interventions that would be most appropriate to match their motivations and constraints.

Ce mémoire de maîtrise traite de l’existence des mesures de conciliation travail-famille au collégial pour les enseignants, dans l’optique de comprendre les situations et des phénomènes relatifs à la conciliation entre la vie professionnelle et la vie personnelle par leur mise en contexte du travail des enseignants (es) au collège, et des pratiques de gestion de ces situations à partir du point de vue des représentants du collège. Évoquer la conciliation, c’est présumer un conflit à résoudre entre la sphère professionnelle et la sphère familiale (Chrétien et Letourneau, 2010). Ce conflit apparaît lorsque les exigences liées au travail (les horaires de travail, la charge de travail, la performance, etc.) s’opposent à celles qui sont en lien avec la famille (les horaires de la garderie et de l’école, les activités des proches, les responsabilités parentales, etc.). Cette recherche qualitative vise à vérifier l’existence des mesures de conciliation travail-famille au collégial et la manière dont elles sont gérées, cerner les contraintes de travail pouvant influencer le conflit travail-famille sur le plan personnel et organisationnel, identifier les caractéristiques favorables à la conciliation travail-famille d’un cégep et propos des recommandations. Des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été effectuées auprès des représentants d’un cégep (la direction des RH, le syndicat des enseignants, l’adjointe à la direction des études et les enseignants. Les résultats de ces entretiens ont été obtenus à partir d’une étude de cas ainsi transcrits sous forme de verbatim et traités à l’aide du logiciel QDA-miner. Le résultat de cette recherche dégage certains obstacles pouvant nuire à la conciliation travail-famille, à savoir: l’absence de la politique de conciliation travail-famille, le manque de locaux, les contraintes d’horaires, le nombre d’étudiants trop élévé, la sous-culture des départements. L’analyse des entrevues réalisées avec les participants permet de dresser un portrait des mesures de conciliation travail-famille dans un établissement collégial.