Cette thèse porte sur le procédé de passerelle entre la conciliation et la sauvegarde, dans une approche comparative droit français, droit OHADA. Le procédé de passerelle permet au chef d’entreprise d’élaborer un plan de redressement dans le cadre de la conciliation, avant de le faire adopter lors d’une sauvegarde accélérée. La présente thèse se subdivise en deux parties. Dans la première partie, un diagnostic est posé pour comprendre les raisons de l’adoption de ce mécanisme de traitement des difficultés des entreprises en droit français, et celles qui pourraient ou non justifier sa reconnaissance en droit OHADA. Il ressort de cette partie que, dans les droits français et OHADA, la rigidité du régime de la cessation des paiements ainsi que l’unanimité obligatoire de l’accord de conciliation constituent un handicap au redressement des entreprises, car le principe d’unanimité donne un droit de véto à chaque créancier. Le procédé de passerelle permet de passer outre l’opposition des créanciers minoritaires qui utilisent ce droit de véto pour faire adopter le projet de redressement du chef d’entreprise par vote majoritaire sur le terrain judiciaire. Dans la deuxième partie, une étude prospective est menée ; le procédé de plan pré-négocié joue un rôle à la fois préventif et curatif : il permet, d’une part, la libre négociation, entre un débiteur et ses créanciers, d’un plan conventionnel de restructuration et, d’autre part, l’anticipation de l’intervention du tribunal pour optimiser l’actif et maîtriser le passif. Le procédé de passerelle est adopté en droit français ; la présente thèse propose une étude de son régime juridique. Il n’est pas reconnu pour le moment en droit OHADA ; son applicabilité y est analysée. Pour l’amélioration de la prévention et du traitement des difficultés des entreprises dans les droits français et OHADA, des pistes sont proposées. Il en est ainsi notamment, d’un côté, de l’adoption des comités de créanciers dans la procédure de conciliation française et, de l’autre, de la reconnaissance du mécanisme de plan pré-négocié, de la réforme du régime de la cessation des paiements et de la spécialisation des tribunaux connaissant des contentieux régis par l’AUPC en droit OHADA. La présente étude, en plus d’apporter une contribution scientifique à l’étude des nouvelles procédures de sauvegarde accélérée en droit français, vise à lancer le débat sur l’opportunité de l’adoption du procédé de passerelle en droit OHADA. L’organisation de la cession pré-arrangée dans le cadre du mandat ad hoc en droit français et l’opportunité de l’adoption d’une telle cession en droit OHADA sont des problématiques qui pourraient faire l’objet d’une recherche. / This thesis focuses on the bridging process between conciliation and safeguarding, in a comparative French law approach, OHADA law. The gateway method allows the entrepreneur to develop a recovery plan in the context of conciliation, before adopting it during an accelerated backup. This thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, a diagnosis is made to understand the reasons of the adoption of this mechanism of treatment of the difficulties of the companies in French law, and those which could or could not justify its recognition in OHADA law. It appears from this section that, in the French and OHADA laws, the rigidity of the system of cessation of payments and the compulsory unanimity of the conciliation agreement constitute a handicap to the recovery of the undertakings, since the principle of unanimity a veto right to each creditor. The gateway process makes it possible to override the opposition of the minority creditors who use this right of veto to get the project of recovery of the head of enterprise adopted by majority vote on the legal ground. In the second part, a prospective study is conducted; The pre-negotiated plan process plays both a preventive and curative role : it allows, on the one hand, the free negotiation, between a debtor and its creditors, of a conventional restructuring plan and, on the other hand, the anticipation of court intervention to optimize assets and control liabilities. The gateway method is adopted in French law; this thesis proposes a study of its legal regime. He is not recognized for the moment in OHADA law ; its applicability is analyzed. For the improvement of the prevention and the treatment of the difficulties of the companies in the French rights and OHADA, tracks are proposed. This is notably the case, on the one hand, of the adoption of the creditor committees in the French conciliation procedure and, on the other, of the recognition of the pre-negotiated plan mechanism, of the reform of the cessation of payments and specialization of courts dealing with disputes governed by the AUPC under OHADA law. This study, in addition to making a scientific contribution to the study of new accelerated safeguard procedures in French law, aims to launch the debate on the appropriateness of the adoption of the OHADA gateway process. The organization of the pre-arranged assignment under the ad hoc mandate in French law and the advisability of adopting such an assignment in OHADA law are issues that could be the subject of research.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:29:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Mascarelli Salgado.pdf: 1241899 bytes, checksum: af39230b290f4b31a6fce2680c209487 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The development of this study had as main objective demonstrate that through the Theory of Games can explained the conciliation as a solution of the conflict in Labor Law. The types of games from this theory allow analyze the alternatives between the parts during the conciliation, thus facilitating the understanding of the behavior of individual decision making. First social conflict will be studied, after the conflicts modes, their languages, communications, then approximate conflict and the law. Analyzed the social conflict, are then taken to their solution through the law using one of these ways of resolving conflict: self-tutelage, selfcomposition or hetero-composition. Within the hetero-composition is conciliation, which will be explained in each area of law: Civil, Criminal and Labor. After this study of law, the work will treat the Theory of Games of John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern. Show the games modes, their actions and strategies. This will cross the law information with the Theory of Games and then explained the possible alternatives of choices of each party / player during the conciliation / O desenvolvimento deste trabalho teve como objetivo principal demonstrar que, através da Teoria dos Jogos, pode-se explicar a conciliação como forma de solução de conflito de interesse no Direito do Trabalho. Os tipos de jogos dessa teoria permitem a análise das alternativas possíveis entre as partes durante uma conciliação, facilitando, assim, o entendimento do comportamento de cada tomada de decisão. Primeiramente, o conflito social será estudado: depois, as modalidades de conflitos, suas linguagens, comunicações, para posteriormente, aproximar a relação entre o conflito e o Direito. Analisados os conflitos sociais, serão então levados para sua solução no Direito, através de uma das formas de solução de conflito: autocomposição ou heterocomposição. Dentro da heterocomposição está a forma de conciliação, que será detalhadamente explicada em cada área do Direito: Civil, Penal e Trabalhista. Após esse estudo perante o Direito, o trabalho parte para a visão frente à Teoria dos Jogos de John Von Neumann e Oskar Morgenstern, quando são apresentadas as modalidades de jogos, suas ações e estratégias. Assim, serão cruzadas as informações do Direito com a Teoria dos Jogos e, então, explicadas as possíveis alternativas de escolhas de cada parte/jogador durante a conciliação

Dissertação propositiva que teve por objetivo demonstrar a importância de se realizar o monitoramento qualitativo dos trabalhos de conciliação realizados pelo Cejusc da comarca de Palmas-TO. O estudo se justifica pela relevância da matéria entendida como indispensável para a concretização do direito humano de acesso à Justiça. O método qualiquantitativo apresentou-se como o mais adequado aos objetivos propostos de se diagnosticar o grau de satisfação dos jurisdicionados no que tange aos serviços conciliatórios prestados pelo Cejusc. A coleta de dados se deu pela aplicação de Pesquisa de Satisfação do Usuário, sendo a direcionada aos advogados/defensores públicos composta por 19 perguntas fechadas e a destinada aos jurisdicionados consistente em 17 perguntas fechadas, aplicada aos usuários do Cejusc de Palmas-TO, no período de 2 a 8 de maio de 2018. Quanto ao universo amostral da pesquisa, 100 advogados/defensores públicos e 95 jurisdicionados responderam ao formulário, totalizando 195 usuários participantes. Além do resultado obtido com a aplicação do instrumento de pesquisa de satisfação do usuário, houve a utilização de vasto material bibliográfico que se deu por meio de consultas a livros, artigos científicos, legislação e páginas da internet. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de monitoramento de ordem qualitativa dos trabalhos de conciliação realizados pelo Cejusc de Palmas-TO como forma de balizar a administração pública no sentido de adotar medidas tendentes à melhoria do serviço prestado e como forma de concretização do direito humano de acesso à Justiça. / The purpose of this dissertation was to demonstrate the importance of carrying out qualitative monitoring of the conciliation proceedings, carried out by CEJUSC of Palmas – TO region. The study is justified by the relevance of the matter, understood as indispensable for accomplishing the human right of access to justice. The quantitative – qualitative method presented itself as the most adequate to the proposed objectives of diagnosing the satisfaction degree of those under jurisdiction in relation to the conciliatory services provided by CEJUSC. The data collection was done by the application of an User Satisfaction Survey, being directed to the lawyers/public defenders composed of 19 closed-ended questions and the one destined to those under jurisdiction consisting of 17 closed-ended questions, applied to the users of CEJUSC of Palmas-TO in the period of May 2nd to May 8th of 2018. Turning to research sample universe, 100 lawyers/public defenders and 95 of those under jurisdiction replied to the research form, totalling 195 participating users. In addition to the result obtained with the application of the User Satisfaction Survey tool, a vast bibliographic material was used through books, scientific articles, legislation and web pages consultation. The results indicate the need for qualitative monitoring of the conciliation proceedings carried out by Cejusc of Palmas-TO as a way of marking out the public administration in order to adopt measures to improve the service provided and as a way of accomplishing the human right of access to justice.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:47:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JULIANO SANTANA SILVA.pdf: 901525 bytes, checksum: b109bfc18c5ec6d81c4b532b3aab8fb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-07 / This paper examines the fundamental right to reasonable length of proceedings, expressly inserted in item LXXVIII of Article 5 of the Constitution of 1988 by Constitutional Amendment 45 and later, in the same vein, reaffirmed in infraconsticional legislation through Article 4 of new Civil Procedure Code 2015, guaranteeing everyone the right to reasonable length of proceedings. It also analyzes the mechanisms that can assist the procedure within a reasonable time in order to contribute to overcoming existing delays in the Brazilian legal system. The paper also discusses the outlook for the postulate that with the entry into force of the new Civil Procedure Code. It is observed that the issue is of great importance, since the positivization reasonable procedural length as a constitutional principle rescues a state s commitment to its jurisdictional, aiming to give effectiveness gain to the process and ensure everyone a state response in fair weather . This conclusion was obtained using the literature, case law and minunciosa analysis of pertinent legislation, and converging on assumptions which support the applicability of that principle, from a historical and evaluative analysis. As a result, it is clear that it is not just designing laws that creates conditions for a dynamic process that achieves a proper adjudication, within a reasonable time span and with a satisfactory result, but, yes, among other things, providing structural support, by sufficient financial transfers to the Judiciary. / O presente trabalho examina o direito fundamental à razoável duração do processo, inserido expressamente no inciso LXXVIII, do artigo 5º, da Constituição de 1988, pela Emenda Constitucional nº 45 e posteriormente, neste mesmo diapasão, reafirmado na legislação infraconsticional por meio do artigo 4º do novo Codigo de Processo Civil de 2015, garantindo a todos, o direito à razoável duração do processo. Analisa, ainda, os mecanismos que podem auxiliar na tramitação processual em tempo razoável como forma de contribuir para a superação da morosidade existente no sistema processual brasileiro. O trabalho também aborda as perspectivas em relação a esse postulado com a entrada em vigor do novo Código de Processo Civil. Observa-se que o tema é de grande relevância, já que a positivação da razoável duração processual como princípio constitucional resgata um compromisso do Estado para com seus jurisdicionados, objetivando dar um ganho de efetividade ao processo e assegurar a todos uma resposta estatal em tempo justo. Tal conclusão foi obtida utilizando-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, jurisprudencial e análise minunciosa da legislação pertinente ao tema, e convergindo para pressupostos que sirvam de suporte à aplicabilidade do referido princípio, a partir de uma análise histórica e valorativa. Como resultados, evidencia-se que não é apenas elaborando leis que se cria condições para uma dinâmica processual que alcance uma prestação jurisdicional adequada, dentro de um lapso temporal razoável e com resultado satisfatório, mas, sim, dentre outras coisas, propiciando suporte estrutural, por meio de repasse financeiro suficiente ao Poder Judiciário.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:47:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUDMILA FEILENBERGER DE OLIVEIRA MARTINS.pdf: 922952 bytes, checksum: e680cca4977b3ac83aac1a11eec4b098 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-17 / This thesis deals with the subject "The Previous Conciliation Committee in Brazil from the perspective of the 92nd Recommendation of the International Labor Organization and a comparative analysis of models adopted by Latin America and European Union". This study approaches the means of extrajudicial settlement of labor disputes, emphasizing the Previous Conciliation Committee, established in Brazil by Law nº 9.958/2000 to comply with 92nd Recommendation of the ILO. The research will address the characteristics, procedure, controversial issues and problems faced by these committees and bring a comparative study with the means of extrajudicial conciliation used by Latin American Countries and European Union countries, to verify if the model adopted in Brazil is ideal. / A presente dissertação dispõe sobre o tema As Comissões de Conciliação Prévia no Brasil sob a perspectiva da Recomendação nº 92 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho e uma análise comparativa dos modelos latino-americanos e da União Européia . Este estudo abrange os meios extrajudiciais de solução de conflitos trabalhistas, dando ênfase às Comissões de Conciliação Prévia, instituídas no Brasil por meio da Lei nº 9.958/2000 para dar cumprimento à Recomendação nº 92 da OIT. A pesquisa dispõe sobre as características, procedimento, temas polêmicos e problemas enfrentados pelas referidas comissões e traz um estudo comparativo com as formas de conciliação extrajudicial utilizadas pelos países latino-americanos e da União Européia, visando verificar se o modelo adotado pelo Brasil é o ideal.

O presente trabalho destina-se a examinar as perspectivas ao uso de meios extrajudiciais de resolução de conflitos para a composição de conflitos coletivos no Brasil. Para tanto, serão analisadas as principais características da negociação, mediação, conciliação e arbitragem, identificados os requisitos de admissibilidade para o uso de tais técnicas e explicitados os elementos a serem considerados no exame de adequação do uso de meios extrajudiciais. Além disso, serão examinadas as principais características dos direitos difusos, coletivos stricto sensu e individuais homogêneos, assim como as regras processuais pertinentes à legitimação e coisa julgada no processo coletivo. Mais adiante, o presente trabalho tentará sistematizar hipóteses sobre o cabimento e sobre a adequação das técnicas extrajudiciais para a resolução de conflitos que envolvem direitos coletivos. Ao final, será possível concluir que tais direitos podem e devem ser resolvidos por meio de técnicas extrajudiciais, em especial por meio da negociação, da conciliação e da arbitragem. / The following work aims at examining prospects in the use of alternative dispute resolution techniques in Brazilian class actions. To this end, it will, at first, analyze negotiation, mediation, conciliation and arbitration main characteristics. Also, admission criteria for each of these dispute resolution techniques will be identified and the elements that should be considered for the adequacy exam will be outlined. Further on, the three kinds of Brazilian class action and the main characteristics of each class procedures will be examined, with special concern to procedure laws pertaining legitimacy and res judicata. Moreover, the paper will systematically study the hypothesis in which extrajudicial conflict resolution techniques may be applied and the adequacy of their use in cases encompassing collective rights. Finally, in its conclusion, it will be demonstrated that extrajudicial techniques can be used to solve conflicts involving collective rights, mainly through negotiation, conciliation and arbitration.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:47:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renata Malheiros Corigliano.pdf: 838862 bytes, checksum: 7d446b2e997a9fc5673a8f95dba9b1b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-12 / This research is about the aged s access to the Justice through the Conciliation or Mediation Civil Sector of the João Mendes Jr. Court. We have tried to understand the aged´s vision in relation to the Justice and the Conciliation or Mediation Civil Sector; having the specific purpose of investigating the incidence of lawsuits involving senior citizens sent to the Sector. In regard to the Conciliation and Mediation, the solution for the conflict can be obtained through an agreement between the ones involved, which are the protagonists of it. The gathering of data was obtained through direct observation of five conciliation sessions involving the aged, in the installations of the Conciliation or Mediation Sector of the João Mendes Jr. Civil Court, 21st floor, João Mendes Square, without number, downtown, São Paulo. The selection of participants was carried out in accordance to the rules of conduct from the sector. The research analysis was qualitative. Observing that all the aged involved have used the right of priority by means of lawsuits. In all cases observed, the aged citizens were the authors of action for recovery. For all the aged interviewed, it was difficult to establish Justice. In the first case, the aged woman defined justice as something good for someone that doesn´t harm the other one . In the second case, the aged woman related justice to peace. In the cases 3 and 4, the aged agreed that justice was a good thing , while Z compared justice to injustice, saying that I always look for justice . The aged interviewed in the case 5 was more formal and emphasized that Justice is a system that has the intervention of the Public Power in the solution of conflicts between people . All the aged people were attended at the Conciliation or Mediation Sector for the first time. Only one aged woman knew about it through the media, the others have been told about the Sector by the lawyer or by the writ of summons to attend the conciliation/ mediation session. The aged women interviewed in the cases 1 and 2 didn´t speak up during the conciliation session, maintaining passive posture, probably not aware of the opportunity of questioning or showing their position. The aged ones interviewed in cases 3, 4 and 5 stood up for their rights adopting very active posture during the session. In general, the service was positively evaluated by the aged interviewed, regarding the good service performed by the conciliator, or by the Civil Court in terms of facilitating the access to Justice / A pesquisa trata sobre o acesso de idosos à Justiça, por meio do Setor de Conciliação ou de Mediação Cível do Fórum João Mendes Jr. Buscamos conhecer a visão dos idosos em relação à Justiça e ao Setor de Conciliação ou de Mediação Cível. Como objetivo específico, investigamos a incidência dos processos envolvendo idosos que são remetidos ao Setor. Na conciliação e na mediação, a solução do conflito pode ser obtida por meio de acordo, onde os envolvidos são protagonistas do mesmo. A coleta de dados foi feita pela observação direta de cinco sessões de conciliação/ mediação envolvendo idosos em ação judicial cível e de entrevistas estruturadas com os idosos, nas dependências do Setor de Conciliação ou de Mediação Cível do Fórum João Mendes Jr., 21° andar, Praça João Mendes, sem número, Centro, São Paulo. A seleção dos participantes foi feita de acordo com a pauta do Setor. A análise da pesquisa foi qualitativa. Observamos que todos os idosos entrevistados fizeram uso do direito à prioridade de tramitação processual. Em todos os casos observados os idosos eram autores de ação de cobrança. Para todos os idosos entrevistados foi difícil definir Justiça. No caso 1, a idosa definiu justiça como uma coisa boa para um, sem prejuízo para outro . No caso 2, a idosa associou justiça à paz. Nos casos 3 e 4, os idosos concordaram que justiça era uma coisa boa , sendo que Z comparou justiça e injustiça e disse sempre procuro justiça . O idoso entrevistado no caso 5 foi mais formal e frisou que Justiça é um sistema que tem a intervenção do Poder Público na solução de conflitos entre as pessoas . Todos os idosos foram atendidos no Setor de Conciliação ou de Mediação pela primeira vez. Apenas uma idosa já conhecia o Setor pela mídia, os demais tomaram conhecimento sobre o Setor pelo advogado ou pelo mandado de intimação para comparecer à sessão de conciliação/ mediação. As idosas entrevistadas nos casos 1 e 2 não se manifestaram durante a sessão, assumindo postura passiva. Talvez não tenham percebido a oportunidade de questionar e se posicionar. Os idosos entrevistados nos casos 3, 4 e 5 utilizaram seu direito a ter voz e assumiram postura bastante ativa durante a sessão. De forma geral, o serviço foi avaliado de maneira positiva pelos idosos entrevistados, seja pelo fato de terem sido bem atendidos pelo conciliador, ou pela iniciativa do Tribunal de Justiça em relação a facilitar o acesso à Justiça

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Reynaldo Soares da Fonseca.pdf: 2365868 bytes, checksum: 2d3ae3835ac590ad647db9c4d5d1037a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-23 / When the 1988 Brazilian Constitution came into force, a new social-political boundary was established, conferring to the judiciary branch a huge number of constitutional powers, in order to allow it to act as a guarantor of democracy and fundamental rights. In fact, there is an explicit framework of dysfunctionalities in the judicial power, i.e., there is a vast difference between what was written in the Constitution and the judicial activity provided by the Judiciary branch, considering the legal possibilities and facts historically observed. According to data from the National Council of Justice, there are more than 92.2 millions pending cases in Brazil. In the Federal Courts, there are more than 11.5 million cases, involving paramount questions related to citizenship (dwelling, social security, health, education, etc). Therefore, the due process clause is revisited, founded in the principle of fraternity and Normative Legal Humanism, in order to find out mediation as a great alternative to resolve disputes in the Federal Courts in Brazil / No marco sócio-político brasileiro, com a entrada em vigor da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil, em 1988, ocorre uma conferência vultosa de poderes constitucionais ao Poder Judiciário, a fim de que este atue como fiador da democracia e garantidor dos direitos fundamentais. Na realidade, tem-se explicitamente um quadro de disfuncionalidades do Poder judicante, isto é, há uma diferença abissal entre o que o Poder Constituinte positivou na Carta Maior e a atividade jurisdicional que, de fato, o Judiciário presta, à luz das possibilidades jurídicas e fáticas observáveis na concretude histórica. Segundo os dados do Conselho Nacional de Justiça, há mais de 92,2 milhões de processos em tramitação no Poder Judiciário Brasileiro. Na Justiça Federal, tramitam mais de 11,5 milhões de processos, envolvendo questões vitais da cidadania (habitação, previdência, saúde, educação, etc.). Assim, revisita-se o princípio do devido processo legal, com alicerce no princípio da fraternidade e no jus-humanismo normativo, para apontar a conciliação como uma grande alternativa para o acesso e a saída da Justiça Federal brasileira

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lais Rabello Zaros.pdf: 1612661 bytes, checksum: f404957fa913dbdcfe5df832d6d62d0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-12 / The main purpose of this essay is to demonstrate that the use of the alternative dispute resolution (mainly mediation and conciliation) is the most appropriate way to resolve conflicts of family matters. The study found that the alternative dispute resolution have characteristics that make them ideal for the resolution of family conflicts, for its possibility to take into consideration the most profound aspects of the family relations, that lead to most disputes. The adjudication of the controversy may analyze only the superficial aspects of the conflict, leading to the generation of new disputes amongst the members of the family, and does not contribute to the social peace, sought in all family relationships. The Public Defenders have the institutional obligation of using the alternative dispute resolutions, therefore have a key role in the promotion and effective use of non-adversarial methods of resolving family disputes. The practical experience has shown that the ADRs are effective for bringing social peace and justice distribution, ultimate purpose of the Law / O principal objetivo dessa dissertação é demonstrar que a utilização das formas consensuais de resolução de conflitos (principalmente mediação e conciliação) é a maneira mais adequada de resolver as disputas nascidas em Direito de Família. O estudo considerou que os meios consensuais de resolução de disputas possuem características que os tornam ideais para a resolução de conflitos familiares, já que têm a possibilidade de levar em consideração aspectos mais profundos das relações entre as pessoas, que culminam com a ocorrência dos conflitos. A adjudicação estatal, em tais matérias, analisa apenas superficialmente a questão, de modo que não impede a formação de novos conflitos, tampouco pacifica profundamente a relação das partes. A Defensoria Pública do Estado de São Paulo possui como missão institucional a utilização de tais formas consensuais de forma primordial, razão pela qual tem papel fundamental no fomento e na adoção de métodos não-adversariais de solução de conflitos familiares. A experiência prática tem demonstrado que as formas consensuais são eficazes para a pacificação social com justiça, finalidade última do Direito

This Master's thesis is a history of apprenticeship in New Zealand. Apprenticeship has traditionally been the main route for entry into the skilled trades. At one level apprenticeship is a way of training people to do a particular job. The apprentice acquires, in a variety of formal and informal ways, the skills necessary to carry out their trade. The skills involved with each trade, tied inextricably to the technology that is used, are seen as the 'property' of the tradesperson. Learning the technical aspects of the job, however, is only a part of what goes on during an apprenticeship. The apprentice is also socialised into the customs and practices of the trade, learning implicitly and explicitly the hierarchies within the workplace, and gaining an appreciation of the status of his or her trade. Apprenticeship must also be viewed in the wider context of the relationship between labour and capital. The use of apprenticeship as an exclusionary device has implications for both worker and employer. Definitions of skill, and the ways in which technological advances are negotiated, are both dependent on the social setting of the workplace, which is mediated by social arrangements such as apprenticeship. This thesis thus traces the development of apprenticeship policies over the years, and examines within a theoretical context the debate surrounding those policies. Several themes emerge including the inadequacy of the market to deliver sustained training, the tension between educators and employers, and the importance of a tripartite accord to support efficient and equitable training. Apprenticeship has proved to be a remarkably resilient system in New Zealand. This thesis identifies factors that have challenged this resilience, such as changes in work practices and technology, and the historically small wage differentials between skilled and unskilled work. It also identifies the characteristics that have encouraged the retention of apprenticeship, such as the small-scale nature of industry in New Zealand, and the latter's distinctive industrial relations system. It is argued that benefits to both employer and worker, and the strength of the socialisation process embodied in apprenticeship, will ensure that some form of apprenticeship remains a favoured means of training young people for many of the skilled trades.