O presente estudo tem como objetivo desenvolver e avaliar métodos de confecção de mantas híbridas de fibras curtas de vidro e sisal visando as necessidades da indústria automotiva na produção de componentes com menor custo e menor massa específica. Neste trabalho foram moldados por compressão compósitos de resina poliéster reforçados por mantas (25% em volume) de fibra de vidro/sisal, híbridas e isoladas. Foram desenvolvidos quatro métodos de confecção de mantas: Manual (disposição manual de fibras), Água (disposição de fibras em fase aquosa), Leito-ar (arranjo de fibras via leito fluidizado) e Vibracional (deposição de fibras em meio vibracional). De modo a comparar condições foram utilizados mais dois métodos variantes: Manual-lav (deposição manual de fibras fibra de vidro lavada) e Etanol (deposição de fibras em fase etílica). O trabalho foi dividido em rotas de ensaios onde inicialmente utilizou-se apenas a fibra de sisal de modo a obter comprimento e tratamento ideais para esta fibra. Nas demais rotas variou-se o teor de fibra de vidro incorporada (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% e seu complemento em sisal) até a escolha de uma composição. Os compósitos produzidos pelos diferentes métodos foram avaliados através de análises de propriedades físicas (massa específica, absorção de umidade e teor de vazios) e propriedades mecânicas (resistência à tração, módulo de elasticidade e resistência ao impacto). A morfologia dos compósitos foi analisada via SEM (microscopia eletrônica de varredura). Os resultados indicaram o tratamento de água destilada para as fibras de sisal e um comprimento ideal de fibra de 3 cm. Mostraram também que a água destilada e o etanol afetam a superfície da fibra de vidro podendo remover partículas e substâncias. Compósitos com teor de 50% de fibra de vidro demonstraram propriedades mecânicas superiores as dos compósitos reforçados apenas com sisal puro, porém com menor custo e massa específica que os compósitos contendo 100% de fibra de vidro. A análise dos diferentes métodos demonstrou que os métodos Manual e Leito-ar produziram compósitos com melhores propriedades mecânicas. Contudo, método Leito-ar é o mais indicado para futuras aplicações industriais. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-22T19:33:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Cristiane Aurelia Borges Vieira.pdf: 3871122 bytes, checksum: a05f3bff78a211139b1c7fc4feb77b63 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-22T19:33:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Cristiane Aurelia Borges Vieira.pdf: 3871122 bytes, checksum: a05f3bff78a211139b1c7fc4feb77b63 (MD5) / This work is focused at development and evaluation of confection methods of short fibers hybrid mants aiming attend the necessities of automobile industry in the production of small parts with smaller cost and specific weight. Were developed different methods in the confection of hybrids mants from short fibers: manual deposition of the fibers, watery phase deposition of the fibers, fibers arrangement by stream bed fluidized and deposition of the fibers by vibrational method. The analysis of the methods was provided by evaluation of the processed composites. The first part of the work consisted in the appraising of hybrid composites with 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% of fiber glass and the remained in sisal. The analysis of the results showed, for 50% content, higher mechanical properties comparing to the composites reforced only with sisal, however with lower cost and specific weight than composites with 100% of fiber glass. The composites maded by different methods were estimated in relation to physical properties (specific weight, water absorption and void content) and mechanical properties (tensile strength, elasticity modulus and impact resistance). The morfology of the composites was analyzed by SEM (scanning electronic microscopy). The results showed that the 3 cm length is ideal for the procedure utilizated. The sisal fibers washed in distilled water had shown, in general, superior performance than fibers in natura or chemically treated. It was noted that the increasing of fiber glass in the hybrids composites results in the strengthening of the mechanical properties of the composites, however the sisal increment in the composition reduced the specific weight of the final product. The analysis of the diferent methods showed that the manual deposition of the fibers and fibers arrangement by stream bed fluidized were the methods that manufactured composites with the best mechanical properties. The method of deposition by stream bed fluidized can be applied in the confecction of hybrids mants with short fibers for different types of naturals and synthetic fibers and your implementation is easy and of low cost using the compressed air installation existing in industry.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NeilOLF.pdf: 1350898 bytes, checksum: 89fb9bb918cd497b163021de40036017 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-07-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work presents the research carried through in the industrial segment of confection of clothes of the Great Natal whose objective is to show the profile, enterprise and technological management as also the use of simultaneous engineering in the development of products. The research approaches two studies. The first one presents the current picture of the companies, synthesized through twelve variable. As, through fifteen variable it shows to the level of use of Simultaneous Engineering in the Development of Products and its amplitude in relation to the Integrated Management using tools CAD, PDM and ERP (Computer Aided Design, Product Management Date, Enterprise Resource Planning). The integration of these systems acts aiming the reduction of the cost and the development time of products. The reached results indicate that simultaneous engineering is a competitive advantage and becomes possible: to reduce the life cycle of the product, to rationalize the resources, to incorporate one high standard of the quality to the process and product as well as to personalize the product to take care of the global market. It is important to note that this work also is considered to contribute for the better understanding of the real companies situation of confection located at the Great Natal and its role in the economy of the State of the Rio Grande do Norte / Este trabalho apresenta a pesquisa realizada no segmento industrial de confec??o do vestu?rio da Grande Natal cujo objetivo ? mostrar o perfil, gest?o empresarial e tecnol?gica como tamb?m a utiliza??o da engenharia simult?nea no desenvolvimento de produtos. A pesquisa aborda dois estudos. O primeiro apresenta o quadro atual das empresas, sintetizados atrav?s de doze vari?veis e o segundo atrav?s de quinze vari?veis mostra o n?vel de utiliza??o da Engenharia Simult?nea no Desenvolvimento de Produtos e sua amplitude em rela??o ? Gest?o Integrada utilizando as ferramentas CAD, PDM e ERP (Computer Aided Design, Product Data Management, Enterprise Resource Planning). A integra??o desses sistemas atua visando ? diminui??o do custo e do tempo de desenvolvimento de produtos. Os resultados alcan?ados indicam que a engenharia simult?nea ? uma vantagem competitiva e torna poss?vel: reduzir o ciclo de vida do produto, racionalizar os recursos, incorporar um alto padr?o da qualidade ao processo e produto como tamb?m personalizar o produto para atender o mercado globalizado. ? importante destacar que este trabalho tamb?m se prop?e a contribuir para o entendimento da situa??o real das empresas de confec??o da Grande Natal e seu papel na economia do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte

O presente estudo tem como objetivo desenvolver e avaliar métodos de confecção de mantas híbridas de fibras curtas de vidro e sisal visando as necessidades da indústria automotiva na produção de componentes com menor custo e menor massa específica. Neste trabalho foram moldados por compressão compósitos de resina poliéster reforçados por mantas (25% em volume) de fibra de vidro/sisal, híbridas e isoladas. Foram desenvolvidos quatro métodos de confecção de mantas: Manual (disposição manual de fibras), Água (disposição de fibras em fase aquosa), Leito-ar (arranjo de fibras via leito fluidizado) e Vibracional (deposição de fibras em meio vibracional). De modo a comparar condições foram utilizados mais dois métodos variantes: Manual-lav (deposição manual de fibras fibra de vidro lavada) e Etanol (deposição de fibras em fase etílica). O trabalho foi dividido em rotas de ensaios onde inicialmente utilizou-se apenas a fibra de sisal de modo a obter comprimento e tratamento ideais para esta fibra. Nas demais rotas variou-se o teor de fibra de vidro incorporada (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% e seu complemento em sisal) até a escolha de uma composição. Os compósitos produzidos pelos diferentes métodos foram avaliados através de análises de propriedades físicas (massa específica, absorção de umidade e teor de vazios) e propriedades mecânicas (resistência à tração, módulo de elasticidade e resistência ao impacto). A morfologia dos compósitos foi analisada via SEM (microscopia eletrônica de varredura). Os resultados indicaram o tratamento de água destilada para as fibras de sisal e um comprimento ideal de fibra de 3 cm. Mostraram também que a água destilada e o etanol afetam a superfície da fibra de vidro podendo remover partículas e substâncias. Compósitos com teor de 50% de fibra de vidro demonstraram propriedades mecânicas superiores as dos compósitos reforçados apenas com sisal puro, porém com menor custo e massa específica que os compósitos contendo 100% de fibra de vidro. A análise dos diferentes métodos demonstrou que os métodos Manual e Leito-ar produziram compósitos com melhores propriedades mecânicas. Contudo, método Leito-ar é o mais indicado para futuras aplicações industriais. / This work is focused at development and evaluation of confection methods of short fibers hybrid mants aiming attend the necessities of automobile industry in the production of small parts with smaller cost and specific weight. Were developed different methods in the confection of hybrids mants from short fibers: manual deposition of the fibers, watery phase deposition of the fibers, fibers arrangement by stream bed fluidized and deposition of the fibers by vibrational method. The analysis of the methods was provided by evaluation of the processed composites. The first part of the work consisted in the appraising of hybrid composites with 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% of fiber glass and the remained in sisal. The analysis of the results showed, for 50% content, higher mechanical properties comparing to the composites reforced only with sisal, however with lower cost and specific weight than composites with 100% of fiber glass. The composites maded by different methods were estimated in relation to physical properties (specific weight, water absorption and void content) and mechanical properties (tensile strength, elasticity modulus and impact resistance). The morfology of the composites was analyzed by SEM (scanning electronic microscopy). The results showed that the 3 cm length is ideal for the procedure utilizated. The sisal fibers washed in distilled water had shown, in general, superior performance than fibers in natura or chemically treated. It was noted that the increasing of fiber glass in the hybrids composites results in the strengthening of the mechanical properties of the composites, however the sisal increment in the composition reduced the specific weight of the final product. The analysis of the diferent methods showed that the manual deposition of the fibers and fibers arrangement by stream bed fluidized were the methods that manufactured composites with the best mechanical properties. The method of deposition by stream bed fluidized can be applied in the confecction of hybrids mants with short fibers for different types of naturals and synthetic fibers and your implementation is easy and of low cost using the compressed air installation existing in industry.

La tesis desarrollada busca demostrar la relación entre los factores (calidad, financiamiento y tecnología) y el aumento de las exportaciones de camisones y pijamas de punto de algodón para mujeres o niñas (61.08.31.00.00) de las Pymes ubicadas en Lima metropolitana en el periodo 2016 - 2020. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se utilizó el enfoque mixto, es decir, cuantitativo y cualitativo, para el primero se recolectó información a través de encuestas a las Pymes exportadoras del producto en estudio ubicadas en Lima metropolitana que luego fueron procesadas a través del software IBM SPSS 27 utilizando el Rho de Spearman, tomando una muestra de treinta y seis empresas. Para el segundo enfoque se entrevistó a ocho expertos pertenecientes a los diferentes grupos de actores claves identificados para luego ser procesadas en el software ATLAS.ti 9. Adicionalmente, se utilizó tesis y papers de diferentes repositorios académicos que fundamenten la investigación a través de antecedentes e información relevante que aporte en el desarrollo de la investigación. / This thesis seeks to demonstrate the relationship between the factors (quality, financing and technology) and the increase of the exports of women's or girls' nightdresses and pyjamas of cotton, knitted or crocheted (excluding T-shirts, vests and négligés) (HS code: 61.08.31.00.00) of SMEs located in metropolitan Lima in the period 2016 - 2020. For the development of the research, the mixed method was used, that is, quantitative and qualitative, for the first, the data was collected through surveys of the exporting SMEs of the product in study located in metropolitan Lima that were then processed through the IBM software SPSS 27 using Spearman's Rho, taking a sample of thirty-six companies. For the qualitative method, eight experts belonging to the different groups of key actors were interviewed and then processed in the ATLAS.ti software 9. Furthermore, thesis and papers from different academic repositories were used as references and relevant information to support the development of the research. / Tesis

LE PHENOMENE SOUKIER EST FORT ANCIEN DANS LE SOUSS. LA PERIODE COLONIALE A TRES PEU AFFECTE LE RESEAU SOUKIER SOUSSI MAIS ELLE L'A MARQUE PAR LE DESEQUILIBRE QU'ELLE Y A INTRODUIT. LES AUTORITES DU MAROC INDEPENDANT ONT CONTINUE DANS LA MEME DIRECTION. SUR LE PLAN GEOGRAPHIQUE, LES SOUKS SOUSSIS SONT INEGALEMENT REPARTIS ET SONT GENERALEMENT DE PETITE TAILLE. LE SECTEUR DE L'ALIMENTATION PREDOMINE ET LA FONCTION D'APPROVISIONNEMENT DES SOUKS SOUSSIS DEMEURE IMPORTANTE. LE COMMERCE SOUKIER D'UNE PART ET LE COMMERCE RURAL FIXE PERMANENT ET LES CENTRES COMMERCIAUX FIXES ET ADMINISTRATIFS D'AUTRE PART SONT COMPLEMENTAIRES. CETTE ETUDE A FAIT RESSORTIR UNE OPPOSITION DE DEUX ESPACES : LES PLAINES DYNAMIQUES S'OPPOSENT AUX MONTAGNES VIVANT DANS UNE CERTAINE LANGUEUR. SUR LE PLAN ORGANISATIONNEL, LE SOUSS JOUIT D'UNE ARCHITECTURE ASSEZ COMPLETE DES SOUKS MAIS ELLE EST MAL REPARTIE. AUSSI LE RESEAU URBAIN SOUSSI EST BIEN HIERARCHISE, MAIS LES INFLUENCES URBAINES EXTERNES AU SOUSS SONT PARTOUT PRESENTES. LES AIRES D'INFLUENCE DES SOUKS ET DES CENTRES URBAINS SOUSSIS SONT CEPENDANT PARTOUT CONQUERANTES. LES HIATUS COMMERCIAUX (LES MONTAGNES ET LE DIR NOTAMMENT) SONT DE PLUS EN PLUS DESENCLAVES. DE FAIT, LE SOUSS EST UNE JUXTAPOSITION DE PLUSIEURS ZONES COMMERCIALEMENT DEPENDANTES ET DIFFEREMMENT STRUCTUREES. IL EST PAR CONSEQUENT ENCORE LOIN D'ETRE UNE REGION COMMERCIALE HOMOGENE. TOUT AU PLUS CONSTITUE T-IL UN "TERRITOIRE" EN VOIE DE FORMATION.

La industria de confección textil tiene gran relevancia, particularmente en los países en desarrollo como Perú, ya que ocupa el segundo lugar con respecto al sector que más aporta al PBI en el ámbito manufacturero. En el 2019 los problemas del sector textil representaron el 19% del sector manufacturero, de los cuales el 25.4 % eran problemas de trastornos musculo esqueléticos (TME), esto debido a las malas prácticas y un inadecuado diseño de estaciones de trabajo. La importancia de trabajar en un adecuado ambiente laboral está relacionada directamente a la prevención de Desórdenes Músculo Esqueléticos (DME) y a las Ausencias Laborales. En varios estudios se señala la importancia de un adecuado diseño, así como el correcto uso de metodologías ergonómicas, para poder evaluarlos y validarlos; sin embargo, estos se enfocan en la validación de la metodología y no del proceso que abarca desde la formulación de propuestas hasta la validación de estas. Es por ello, que el presente estudio está enfocado en un modelo de rediseño de estación de trabajo que abarca desde las propuestas de diseño hasta la validación del mismo; utilizando técnicas ergonómicas observacionales como REBA, RULA, NIOSH y SNOOK Y CIRIELLO, y herramientas de ingeniería como Sistema de Manipulación de Materiales (SMM), Estudio de Métodos, Técnica de Interrogatorio Sistemático (TIS) y Economía de Movimientos. Como resultados se obtuvieron un 51.68 % de reducción de los TME en los puestos de trabajo de Tendido, Remalle y en el proceso de Abastecimiento de Rollo; asimismo, una reducción de 364 horas de ausentismo y un ahorro de 6,000 soles por año aproximadamente. / The textile industry is highly relevant, particularly in developing countries such as Peru, as it ranks second place with respect to the sector that contributes the most to GDP in the manufacturing field. In 2019, textile sector problems represented 19% of the manufacturing sector, of which 25.4% were problems of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD), this due to bad practices and an inadequate design of workstations. The importance of working in a suitable work environment is directly related to the prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) and Work Absences. Several studies point out the importance of an adequate design, as well as the correct use of ergonomic methodologies, to be able to evaluate and validate them; however, these focus on the validation of the methodology and not on the process that ranges from formulating proposals to validating it. For this reason, this study focuses on a model of redesign of the workstation that ranges from design proposals to validation of the same; using observational ergonomic techniques such as REBA, RULA, NIOSH and SNOOK AND CIRIELLO, and engineering tools such as Materials Handling System (MHS), Method Study, Systematic Interrogation Technique (SIT) and Movement Economics. As a result, a 51.68% reduction of the MSD was obtained in the jobs of “Tendido”, “Remalle” and in the process of “Abastecimiento de Rollo”; likewise, a reduction of 364 hours of absenteeism and a saving of 6,000 soles per year approximately. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Si l’on s’en tient à une vision formelle, la participation du Conseil d'Etat à la confection de laloi apparaît marquée par une permanence et une stabilité remarquables depuis sa création enl’An VIII. Un examen plus approfondi montre une vérité plus complexe. Jusqu’à saconstitutionnalisation sous la Vème République, la participation du Conseil d'Etat à laconfection de la loi a été confrontée à la problématique de sa légitimité. C’est à un tout autreenjeu auquel le Conseil d'Etat est aujourd'hui confronté dans l’exercice de sa fonctionlégislative, celui de son expansion au sein des institutions publiques depuis la révisionconstitutionnelle du 23 juillet 2008 qui a modifié sa place dans le processus législatif. Dans lecadre de sa participation à la loi, le Conseil d'Etat a par ailleurs à faire face auxtransformations qui traversent l’ordre juridique, et en particulier au phénomène dediversification des sources du droit qui commande une nécessaire adaptation de son cadreorganisationnel, de ses méthodes et de sa grille d’analyse. / If we stick to a formal vision, participation of the Council of State in making the law appearsmalrked by a remarquable permanence and stability since its inception in the year VIII. Acloser examination reveals a more complex truth. Until its constitutionalization in the FifthRepublic, the participation of the Council of State in making the law was faced with theproblem of legitimacy. This is a different issue that the Council of State is currently facing inthe exercise of its legislative function, the one of its expansion in public institutions since theconstitutional revision of the 23th July 2008 which amended its place in the legislativeprocess. As part of its participation in the law, the Council of State has also to deal with thetransformations the legal system has to face today, and in particular the phenomenon ofdiversification of sources of law that controls a necessary adaptation of its organizationalframework, its methods and its analytical framework.

Dans l’industrie du vêtement d’Istanbul, les carrières sont courtes et le taux de renouvellement des ouvriers est élevé. La combinaison entre production flexible et accords de sous-traitance dans un environnement urbain informel amène un nombre croissant d’ouvriers à assumer des fonctions entrepreneuriales équivoques. Ces acteurs sont au cœur de cette thèse de doctorat. Pour maintenir leurs positions ces ouvriers temporaires sont souvent contraints de devenir de petits intermédiaires précaires qui redéfinissent les distinctions entre production et distribution. Basée sur des données empiriques recueillies grâce à un travail de terrain en profondeur à Istanbul, mon travail doctoral questionne sous un angle anthropologique les dynamiques changeantes de l’industrie du vêtement d’Istanbul à différentes échelles et le rôle des petits entrepreneurs dans la formation de ces dynamiques à travers leurs pratiques et leurs innovations. Alors que les petits entrepreneurs sont essentiels, ils sont rarement irremplaçables. Pour explorer ces questions, cette recherche trace les liens entre les différents débouchés de l’industrie du vêtement d’Istanbul et examine comment leurs processus de valuation respectifs sont entremêlés. Durant les dernières décennies, dans l’ombre des exports officiels vers l’Europe occidentale, le « commerce à la valise » vers des pays voisins, ainsi que le marché domestique se sont développés. En « joignant les deux bouts », les petits entrepreneurs de l’industrie du vêtement d’Istanbul sont des courroies de transmission entre ces marchés aux échelles transnationale et locale. Les étudier offre de nouvelles perspectives sur les contextes industriels modernes et le fonctionnement des marchés globaux. / In Istanbul’s garment industry, careers are short and worker turnover is high. The combination of flexible production and subcontracting agreements in an informal urban environment propel an increasing number of workers to assume equivocal entrepreneurial functions. These actors are at the core of this dissertation. In order to maintain their positions, irregular workers are often forced to become precariously positioned small brokers who reshuffle the distinctions between production and distribution. Based on empirical material gathered through in-depth fieldwork in Istanbul, my dissertation questions from an anthropological perspective the shifting dynamics of Istanbul’s clothing industry at different scales and the role of small entrepreneurs in shaping these dynamics through their skillful practices and innovations. While small entrepreneurs are essential, they are rarely irreplaceable. In order to explore these issues, this dissertation traces the connections between the various outlets of Istanbul’s garment industry and scrutinizes how their respective valuation processes are intertwined. Over the last decades, in the shadow of official exports to Western Europe, the so-called suitcase trade to neighboring countries as well as the domestic market have flourished. By “making things fit” and “making ends meet,” Istanbul’s small entrepreneurs are conveyor belts between these markets at both the transnational and local scales. Studying them offers new insights into modern industrial settings and the workings of global markets.