The objective of this paper is to present a context in which mathematics can be glimpsed in a more attractive and dynamic way. For this, succinct but regular knowledge will be presented to the basic understanding of cryptography. We will cite examples of gures and how some of them work, in addition to some de nitions, theorems and demonstrations on topics such as divisibility, congruence, functions and arrays. Finally, we will make suggestions of a set of activities that provide the interconnection of mathematical and daily knowledge of the student, since this combination is an attractive factor for a better assimilation of content. However, the teacher has the insight to make choices and to judge what he thinks it's most interesting. / O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um contexto no qual a matemática pode ser vislumbrada de forma mais atrativa e dinâmica. Para isso, serão apresentados conhecimentos sucintos, mas regulares, para a compreensão básica da criptografia. Citaremos exemplos de cifras e de como funcionam algumas delas, mostraremos algumas definições, teoremas e demonstrações sobre assuntos, tais como, divisibilidade, congruência, funções e matrizes. Por fim, faremos sugestões de um conjunto de atividades que proporcionam a interligação de conhecimento matemático e conhecimento diário do aluno, visto que essa combinação é um fator atrativo para melhor assimilação do conteúdo. No entanto, o professor tem o discernimento para realizar escolhas e julgar o que achar mais interessante.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:16:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2377870 bytes, checksum: 9d3f6223dacbbc0db74cbbdf14034855 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work aimed to determine the influence of parents on their children evaluative priorities and its relationship to bullying behavior. Sought to gather evidence of the validity and accuracy of the measurements used in the study, the correlates of bullying and evaluative predictive power of human values in the face of this construct. Participants were 1.007 people from João Pessoa (PB), and 623 students, ages 9 to 16, the majority of public schools (68.5%), catholic (59.4%) and females (52.9% .) 384 parents / guardians, aged 18 to 70 years, the most of them female (78.8%) and catholic (64.8%). After treatment of the remaining 351 data pairs (parent - child) of participants. The children responded to Positive Attitude Scale Facing Potential Targets of Bullying (PASFPTB), Scale California Bullying Victimization (ECBV), Parental Perception Questionnaire (PPQ), the Basic Values Questionnaire (BVQ or BVQ-C) and sociodemographic questions. While parents or guardians received booklet containing the PASFPTB, Scenarios Bullying in School Context and BVQ. The results show the validity and accuracy of measurements of human values (BVQ), bullying, which proved the structure of one factorial PASFPTB, which explained 31% of the total variance, with factor loadings between 0.40 and 0.65 and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) of 0.91, and ECBV, which also showed a one-factor structure, explaining 42.4% of the total variance, with Cronbach's alpha of 0.75 and factor loadings ranging from 0.58 to 0.75 , and also proven structures of the scales of parenting styles (PPQ). Then, with the aim of knowing the correlates of bullying evaluative seven hypotheses were formulated. The first three were confirmed, indicating that children evaluative priorities are congruent with those of their parents, with the dimension of authoritative parenting style directly related to the personal values of father and mother, and that the relationship between the perceived values by the parents and children prioritized the children are moderated by the size affective dimension of father and mother, specifically, the personal values of the mother and the core personal and parental. Hypotheses four, five and six were also confirmed, since the scores of parents and children in positive attitudes to potential bullying targets are directly related (r = 0.44) and the scores of the children in bullying target are positively correlated with personal values (r = 0.10) and negatively with the social (r = -0.12). Finally, is the seventh confirmed case in which the values of the children [social (β = 0.23, t = 3.51, p < 0.001) and personal (β = -0.30, t = -4.13, p <0.001)] were predictors of bullying. In conclusion, trusts that the objectives proposed in this thesis have been achieved, contributing to the field of study that relates the congruence of values of parents and children with bullying behavior. However, it recognizes the need for new studies focusing on the transmission of values, intervention techniques and employment of a child under age shows. / A presente dissertação teve por objetivo verificar a influência dos pais nas prioridades valorativas dos filhos e sua relação com o comportamento de bullying. Procurou-se reunir evidências de validade e precisão das medidas empregadas no estudo, conhecer os correlatos valorativos do bullying e o poder preditivo dos valores humanos frente a este construto. Participaram 1.007 pessoas de João Pessoa (PB), sendo 623 estudantes, com idades entre 9 e 16 anos, a maioria de escolas públicas (68,5%), católica (59,4%) e do sexo feminino (52,9%). 384 pais/responsáveis, com idade variando de 18 a 70 anos, a maioria do sexo feminino (78,8%), católica (64,8%). Após o tratamento dos dados restaram 351 pares (pais filhos) de participantes. Os filhos responderam a Escala de Atitudes Positivas Frente a Potenciais Alvos de Bullying (EAFPAB), Escala Califórnia de Vitimização do Bullying (ECVB), Questionário de Percepção dos Pais (QPP), Questionário dos Valores Básicos (QVB ou QVB-I) e questões sociodemográficas. Os pais ou responsáveis receberam um livreto contendo a EAFPAB, Cenários de Bullying no Contexto Escolar e o QVB. Os resultados evidenciaram a validade e precisão das medidas de valores humanos (QVB), de bullying, onde se comprovou a estrutura unifatotial da EAFPAB, que explicou 31% da variância total, com cargas fatoriais entre 0,40 e 0,65 e consistência interna (Alfa de Cronbach) de 0,91; e da ECVB, que também apresentou uma estrutura unifatorial, explicando 42,4% da variância total, com Alfa de Cronbach de 0,75 e cargas fatoriais variando de 0,58 a 0,75; sendo também comprovadas as estruturas das escalas de estilos parentais (QPP). Com o objetivo de conhecer os correlatos valorativos do bullying foram formuladas sete hipóteses. As três primeiras foram corroboradas, indicando que as prioridades valorativas dos filhos são congruentes com as dos seus pais, com a dimensão de estilo parental autoritária diretamente relacionada aos valores pessoais do pai e da mãe e que a relação entre os valores percebidos nos pais e priorizados pelos filhos são moderadas pela dimensão afetividade do pai e da mãe, especificamente, os valores pessoais da mãe e os centrais e pessoais dos pais. As hipóteses quatro, cinco e seis também foram confirmadas, visto que as pontuações dos pais e dos filhos nas atitudes positivas frente a potenciais alvos de bullying estão diretamente relacionadas (r = 0,44) e que as pontuações dos filhos no bullying estão correlacionadas positivamente com os valores pessoais (r = 0,10) e negativamente com os sociais (r = -0,12). Finalmente, corroborou-se a sétima hipótese na qual os valores dos filhos [sociais (β = 0,23; t = 3,51, p < 0,001) e pessoais (β = -0,30; t = -4,13, p < 0,001)] foram preditores do bullying. Concluindo, confia-se que os objetivos propostos nesta dissertação tenham sido alcançados, contribuindo para o campo de estudo que relaciona a congruência dos valores de pais e filhos com o comportamento de bullying. Entretanto, reconhece-se a necessidade novos estudos, enfocando na transmissão de valores, em técnicas de intervenção e no emprego de uma mostra infantil de menor idade.

Submitted by Clebson Anjos (clebson.leandro54@gmail.com) on 2015-05-19T17:19:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 977282 bytes, checksum: 98d2394b44f8e76ed8a9986250386a2c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Clebson Anjos (clebson.leandro54@gmail.com) on 2015-05-19T17:19:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 977282 bytes, checksum: 98d2394b44f8e76ed8a9986250386a2c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-19T17:19:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 977282 bytes, checksum: 98d2394b44f8e76ed8a9986250386a2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this study, we evaluate if the congruence x2 a (mod m), where m is prime and (a;m) = 1, has or not solutions, highlighting the importance of Quadratic Residues and consequently the cooperation of the Legendre's Symbol, the Euler's Criterion and the Gauss' Lemma. Also, we demonstrate the Law of Quadratic Reciprocity generalizing situations for composite numbers, that is, the Jacobi's Symbol and its properties. We present some proposals of activities for the High School involving the subject matter and its possible applications, through an understandable language for students of this level. / Neste estudo, vamos avaliar se a congruência x2 a (mod m), onde m é primo e (a;m) = 1, apresenta ou não solução, destacando a importância dos Resíduos Quadráticos e, consequentemente da cooperação do Símbolo de Legendre, do Critério de Euler e do Lema de Gauss. Também, demonstraremos a Lei de Reciprocidade Quadrática generalizando situações para números compostos, ou seja, o Símbolo de Jacobi e suas propriedades. Apresentamos algumas propostas de atividades para o Ensino Médio envolvendo o assunto abordado e suas possíveis aplicações, através de uma linguagem compreensível aos alunos deste nível de ensino.

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-03T13:51:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Graziela Kopinits de Oliveira.pdf: 764547 bytes, checksum: 2a8e9f311235bc2f8df978f6a19f926d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T13:51:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Graziela Kopinits de Oliveira.pdf: 764547 bytes, checksum: 2a8e9f311235bc2f8df978f6a19f926d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-22 / Medial patellar dislocation is a common condition in small dogs and should be diagnosed and treated as early as possible in order to prevent further deformities and secondary osteoarthritis. The objective of this article was to study the measures and the anatomic relationships of the trochlear groove and patella in radiographic examinations of healthy dogs predisposed to medial patellar dislocation breeds, analyzing and comparing with the trochlear groove and patellar of patients with such disease. 40 knees of predisposed pure breeds dogs were used which were divided into two groups: group 1 (G1) consisting of 18 knees that do not show patellar dislocation and group 2 (G2) consisting of 22 knees showing patella in the medial grade II or III. Depth and width trochlear groove, height and thickness of the patella, a percentage of the patella in the groove, groove angle troclear were measured and calculated the ratios of patellar width and trochlear groove and depth of the trochlear groove and thickness of the patella. All parameters studied showed statistically significant differences, in comparison between healthy and affected dogs, compared to being evaluated by Student's t test. Through evaluation and measurements on radiographs G1 dogs, it were developed predictor formulas of broadening (Lsd = Lpp/0,89 – Lsp) and deepening (Psd = 0,65Ep –Psp) required the trochlear groove to perform trochleoplasty block. / Luxação medial da patela é uma afecção comum em cães de pequeno porte, devendo ser diagnosticada e tratada o mais cedo possível com objetivo de evitar maiores deformações e alterações articulares secundárias. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as medidas e as relações anatômicas do sulco troclear e da patela através de exames radiográficos de cães sadios de raças predispostas à luxação patelar medial, analisando e comparando com o sulco troclear e patela de pacientes portadores desta enfermidade. Foram utilizados 40 joelhos de cães de raças predispostas que foram divididos em dois grupos, sendo o grupo 1 (G1) composto de 18 joelhos que não apresentavam luxação de patela e o grupo 2 (G2) composto de 22 joelhos que apresentem luxação de patela medial em graus II ou III. Foram realizadas mensurações de profundidade e largura do sulco troclear, altura e espessura da patela, percentual da patela dentro do sulco, ângulo do sulco troclear, sendo calculadas as razões entre largura patelar e do sulco troclear e profundidade do sulco troclear e espessura da patela. Todos os parâmetros estudados demonstraram diferença estatística significativa, na comparação entre cães sadios e portadores da afecção, ao serem avaliadas pelo teste t de Student. Através dessas medições realizadas nas radiografias dos cães do G1 foram desenvolvidas fórmulas preditivas do alargamento (Lsd = Lpp/0,89 – Lsp) e aprofundamento (Psd = 0,65Ep –Psp) do sulco troclear, para realização de trocleoplastia em bloco.

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-06-02T19:33:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Tânia Regina Rodrigues Franco - 2016.pdf: 2643450 bytes, checksum: c01355ce5ba1fb2524facde3704a3d8e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-06-03T12:44:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Tânia Regina Rodrigues Franco - 2016.pdf: 2643450 bytes, checksum: c01355ce5ba1fb2524facde3704a3d8e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-03T12:44:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Tânia Regina Rodrigues Franco - 2016.pdf: 2643450 bytes, checksum: c01355ce5ba1fb2524facde3704a3d8e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-30 / This essay begins with a theoretical foundation about the positional system, divisibility, Euclidean division, maximum common divisor, prime numbers and modular congruence. Through the concepts discussed, we show some applications, for elementary school students. The main main points of the theory and bring notions of applicability of arithmetic in daily situations. We will work solving Diophantine linear equations; we will determine some criteria of divisibility; by the relationship of modular congruence and arithmetic of the rest; even with modular congruence we will propose activities with codes and other existing numbers in our country, ending solving problem on calendars. These applications will serve of tools and methodologies of contextualized form, the teachers, will motivate their students to understand a little more about the concept of Modular Arithmetic, easy, fast and simple way. / Esta dissertação, inicia-se com uma fundamentação teórica acerca do sistema posicional, divisibilidade, divisão euclidiana, máximo divisor comum, números primos e congruência modular. Através dos conceitos abordados, apresentaremos algumas aplicações, para alunos do ensino fundamental. O principal objetivo é apresentar os principais pontos da teoria e trazer noções da aplicabilidade da aritmética em situações cotidianas. Trabalharemos a resolução de Equações Diofantinas Lineares; determinaremos alguns critérios de divisibilidade, através da relação de congruência modular e aritmética dos restos; ainda com congruência modular proporemos atividades com códigos e outras numerações existentes em nosso país, nalizando com a resolução de problemas sobre calendários. Essas aplicações servirão de ferramentas e metodologias para que de forma contextualizada, o professor, motive seu aluno a entender um pouco mais sobre o conceito de Aritmética Modular, de maneira fácil, rápida e simples.

Neste trabalho é apresentado um pouco da história da criptografia, assim como sua importância nos dias atuais, a base da teoria dos números e de congruência modular necessárias para compreender a criptografia RSA, que é o foco deste trabalho. A criptografia RSA é a mais usada atualmente por causa da dificuldade em ser decodificada. Foi elaborada e apresentada uma aula aos alunos do ensino fundamental e médio participantes do Programa de Iniciação Científica Júnior da OBMEP, sendo mostrado o porquê ela funciona, os métodos de codificação e decodificação. / In this work some of the history of cryptography is presented, as well as its nowadays applications. The RSA encryption is the most widely used because of the difficulty to being decoded. In order to understand the RSA encryption, which is the focus of this work, we recall some basis of number theory and modular congruence. Also, it was prepared and presented a lecture to the students of middle and high school participants in the Program of Junior Scientific Initiation of OBMEP, being shown why it works, methods of encoding and decoding.

The influence of facial mimicry and emotional congruence on emotional information processing has previously only been studied in isolation. In the current study their influence on the ability to detect deception will be investigated. In order to recognize the emotional states of others one mimics their emotional facial expression, and being in a congruent emotional state as a person or an emotional message enables faster processing of emotional information. Can emotional congruence between the receiver’s emotional state and a message told affect participants’ ability to detect deception when judging whether a person at a video recording is telling the truth or not? How does emotional congruence affect participants’ speed and confidence when making these judgments? The results showed that participants reported higher confidence but slower response times when making an accurate judgment in the congruent scenario, when compared to the incongruent scenario, but did not perform better than what could be expected by chance in detecting deception. Consequently, emotional congruence had an impact, not on participants’ performance in detecting deception, but only on their meta-cognitive evaluations of their judgments, but confidence rating did not seem to be an indicator of accuracy. In future research the design can be used in order to investigate other potential aspects, such as emotional empathy and other types of emotional congruence, and their influence on the ability to detect deception.

Title: Are intermediary luxury fashion brands excluding overweight and obese women in the UK, by not offering their sizes among its assortments? Authors: Elin Forslund and Maria Erlandsson Supervisor:Ulf Aagerup Level: Bachelor thesis in marketing (15 ECTS). Spring 2015. Key concepts: Fashion, Intermediary Luxury, Brand Identity, Brand Image, User Imagery and Self-image Congruence. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to review the sizes available in store by three leading intermediary luxury fashion brands offered in the UK and compare it with the actual body shapes of the female UK population. This will show whether intermediary luxury fashion brands exclude overweight and obese women, by not offering their sizes among its assortments. We want to find out whether it is possible to reveal a correlation between existing branding theories and intermediary luxury fashion assortments in the UK. Theoretical framework: Our frame of reference consists of established branding theories and previous research concerning brand identity, brand image, self-image congruence, user imagery, segmentation and luxury branding. Method: This is a cross-sectional research of the descriptive kind.  We have used a deductive research approach and a quantitative research method. Empirical findings: In this chapter we are presenting the results of our study through a table demonstrating the distribution of individuals and garments over weight classes. Also, any significant differences between supply and demand within any of the categories will be revealed through a Z-test. Conclusions: Obese women are by all means excluded by intermediary luxury fashion brands. The overweight women have significantly less jeans to choose from than what should be supported by their relative share of the female UK population. However, it turned out that they are not entirely excluded as they still have an amount of tops to choose from that closely matches their demand. Also we succeeded with identifying a causal correlation between branding theories and the result of our study. Therefore we have managed to provide further knowledge on how intermediary luxury fashion brands can become successful.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Hotel, Restaurant, Institution Management and Dietetics / Ki-Joon Back / Carol W. Shanklin / This study was designed to explore the measurement and application of brand personality congruence (BPC), defined as the gap between the customer’s own personality and a restaurant’s brand personality as perceived by the customer. The study involved two phases: Phase I primarily focused on the development of the BPC scale based on the existing Brand Personality Scale (Aaker 1997), while Phase II involved testing the relationship between BPC and brand loyalty and the mediating effects of satisfaction and trust on that relationship. Both Phases used the online survey methodology for data collection. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the dimensionality of brand personality. The five-factor solution was supported with the dimensions of sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication, and ruggedness. Exploratory factor analysis showed that brand personality dimensions were not stable for measuring customer personality. Only characteristics most closely associated with the Big Five dimensions of agreeableness, extroversion, and conscientiousness significantly loaded on the customer personality scale. A confirmatory factor analysis of the reduced scale resulted in a 5-factor solution: successful, exciting, unique, sincere, and friendly. Because BPC was operationalized as the gap between the customer’s perceived personality and the restaurant’s brand personality as perceived by the customer, only indicators that were common between the two scales were used to establish the 17-item BPC scale consisting of the following dimensions: exciting, unique, sincere, and leader. In Phase II, second-order structural equation modeling was used to test BPC as an antecedent of the post-purchase evaluations of trust, satisfaction, and brand loyalty. Results indicated strong positive relationships, which suggested that higher congruence with the brand’s personality results in increased trust, satisfaction, and brand loyalty. BPC had the greatest direct effect on trust and also had indirect effects on satisfaction via trust and brand loyalty via trust and satisfaction. Additional analyses showed that trust and satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between BPC and brand loyalty. Trust also mediated the relationship between BPC and satisfaction. Results implied that as the restaurant brand earns a customer’s trust over time, the customer’s evaluation of overall satisfaction with the brand also increases and leads to stronger brand loyalty.

Background: Our study investigates the phenomenon of self-organization since many companies choose to work in smaller teams and project groups to respond proactively to change. Problems that may arise with a greater delegation of responsibility in organizations is insufficient goal congruence throughout the different organizational levels. Management control is the solution to problems with goal congruence but its meaning is often translated into the monitoring and supervision of employees. This creates negative associations to the influence that management control has over work performances in self-organizing teams. Organizations are therefore forced to balance their exercise of control between a tougher and more free form of governance to reach goal congruence in all organizational levels. Self- organization thus places high demands on management when control is to be transparent to employees and at the same time congruent with the self-organization that is conducted throughout the organization. Purpose: To create an in-depth understanding of the prerequisites and control mechanisms of self-organization. Completion: The study adopts a qualitative method in which data was collected from SMHI's IT department. During four weeks, material was collected from four interviews with representatives from three different organizational levels. Conclusion: The study results in the coexistence of though and free control through transparent control mechanisms to ensure goal congruence in self-organized work. The results proves how the client's involvement in teamwork and the group's priorities are driven by cultural and self-managing mechanisms. Furthermore, the cybernetic process with interactive features is described as a tough control that generates increased autonomy in self-organizing teams. To achieve well-functioning self-organizing teams the prerequisites instigate knowledge sharing, communication and flexibility in the work process. The control mechanisms and the prerequisites of the team contribute to the perceived autonomy amongst the team members to influence their work, which is the most important factor for the control to appear invisible. The parallel work of prerequisites and control mechanisms creates effective and well-functioning teams working towards congruence with the organization's goals. In organizations that require flexibility and efficiency through team-based work, these dimensions are tools used by management to control teams with transparency / Bakgrund: Vår studie undersöker fenomenet självorganisering då fler organisationer väljer att arbeta i mindre arbetslag, projektgrupper eller team för att bemöta förändring på ett proaktivt sätt. Risker med en större ansvarsdelegering i organisationer är de problem som kan uppstå med målkongruens. Styrning är lösningen på problem med målkongruens men översätts ofta till kontroll och övervakning. Detta skapar negativa associationer till styrningens påverkan på utfört arbete. Organisationerna behöver därmed balansera sin utövning av kontroll mellan en hårdare och friare form av styrning för att styra medarbetarna mot målkongruens. Självorganisering ställer därmed höga krav på ledningen när styrningen ska vara transparent för medarbetarna och samtidigt kongruent med den självorganisering som bedrivs. Styrningsmekanismer krävs för att kunna säkerställa självorganiseringens effektivitet med hjälp av cybernetiska processer, interaktiv styrning, självstyrning samt kultur. Förutsättningarna för välfungerande arbete i självorganiserade team ligger istället på processernas flexibla natur, kommunikation och kunskapsdelning. Syfte: Att skapa en fördjupad förståelse för självorganiseringens förutsättningar och styrningsmekanismer. Genomförande: Fallstudien antar en kvalitativ metod där data insamlats från SMHI:s IT-avdelning. Under fyra veckor samlades material in från fyra intervjuer på SMHI:s IT-avdelning med representanter från tre olika organisatoriska nivåer. Slutsats: Studien resulterar i att balansen mellan hård och fri styrning sker genom transparenta styrningsmekanismer för att säkerställa ett målkongruent självorganiserat arbete. I empirin finns underlag för hur kundens involvering i teamets arbete samt gruppens prioriteringar drivs av kulturella- och självstyrningsmekanismer. Vidare beskrivs den cybernetiska processen med interaktiva inslag som en hård styrning som trots detta genererar utökad autonomi i självorganisarande team. Förutsättningarna i teamet skapar istället en välfungerande självorganisering när kunskapsdelning, kommunikation och flexibilitet i arbetsprocessen uppnås. Både styrningsmekanismerna och förutsättningarna i teamet bidrar till en hög grad av upplevd autonomi att påverka sitt arbete vilket är den viktigaste faktorn för att styrningen ska förefalla osynlig. Förutsättningar och styrningsmekanismer arbetar på detta sätt parallellt för att skapa effektiva och välfungerande team som arbetar mot kongruens med organisationens mål. I organisationer med krav på flexibilitet och effektivitet genom teambaserat arbete kan dessa dimensioner vara verktyg för ledningen att styra team med transparens.