Culture and a Connection In the Spanish province of Asturias, many homes built in the16th and 17th centuries are constructed of dry-stacked stone and large timbers for floor joists, rafters, decking. They are topped with large, irregularly shaped roof slates. Alongside many of these homes stands a rectangular granary called a cabazo. The cabazo, similarly constructed, is a stand-alone structure about twenty feet tall, six feet wide and twenty feet long. The main portion, (the storage area), stands ten feet off the ground atop two large, tapered columns. The upper level is typically separated form the lower level by a massive flat, horizontal stone that protrudes past the face of the columns. This one stone is the floor of the granary. The height above the ground and the continuous flat stone keep the food dry and safe from animals. The stone of the columns, quarried from nearby hills, consists of pieces as small as driveway gravel and as large as shoeboxes. Even though they were built of varying size stones the builders created large, extremely flat vertical planes. Two beams, roughly hewn from chestnut logs, span one column to the next, and support the storage area and roof. These curious structures, born from utility and perched on the hills of the Asturias countryside, have become local cultural icons. A record of visible human participation is left in the traces and details made by the tools of the workmen who built these cabazos. The traces make the connection between the structure and the hand of man, an immediate expression of the granary’s essence and thus an integral part of the local culture. The industrial age introduced powerful machinery into the tool set of the designer. Extruded steel and reinforced concrete enable designers to create monumental structures within relatively short periods of time. Although the advent of these methods signaled the loss of the record of human participation, the hand of man was also lost in the repetition and redundancy found on the factory floor. The scale of the effort was hidden and diluted by the machinery used to construct the modern forms. The absence of visible traces of the men who built the structures creates a disconnect between humans and the built environment. It is not feasible to go back to creating homes by stacking stones together or using hand tools to construct office buildings, but the materials that are produced by factories can become a new source of raw materials for designer and builder in a way that engages the craftsman. I believe that through the careful use of technology and materials, as well as the inclusion of the craftsman, an environment can be created that extends beyond formal appreciation and expresses a deeper connection between man, culture, and the built environment.

Esta tese propõe ações possíveis na cidade atual como respostas a ambientes fragmentados e desconexos, revelados por meio de investigações específicas do espaço urbano: a cidade, seus aspectos morfológicos e sua arquitetura, as conexões de edifícios entre si e com os espaços públicos e a ideia de lugar como elemento estruturador. Propomos uma análise da cidade atual fundamentada numa revisão histórica de um período determinado, buscando algumas raízes para a configuração atual. Sendo assim, o conteúdo geral da tese desenvolve uma leitura focada nas relações entre arquitetura e cidade, tendo como ponto de partida o início do século XX e ponto de chegada a atualidade, reconhecendo algumas demandas significativas relacionadas aos percursos e à qualidade urbana em geral, apontando possibilidades específicas de intervenção. O entendimento dos processos relacionados às transformações da forma paisagem, usos funcionalidades / significados - e das novas modalidades de espaços obtidos conectividade ou não conectividade da arquitetura surge como dado importante para as proposições críticas e práticas na atualidade, como produtos reais ou investigativos. Nosso ponto de partida e principal motivação foram observações e análises do fenômeno da fragmentação e dispersão da cidade atual, observada especialmente em metrópoles como São Paulo. A contraposição das formas recorrentes de implantação dos edifícios modernos comumente percebidos como objetos desvinculados fisicamente de seus pares - frente às implantações tradicionais, cuja tônica são os quadras compactas, originou aqui analisados nos aspectos restritos ao resultado morfológico e arquitetônico - não raro, tipos de cidades que colecionam objetos dispostos ao longo das vias ou praças e que, comumente, sofrem pela desconexão generalizada. Essa desconexão é origem de uma série de problemas e, dentre outros, entendemos que nela encontram-se as causas para um relevante problema urbano, ao mesmo tempo crônico e também atual, que é a falta de qualidade dos percursos para pedestres prejudicando a fruição das pessoas em partes ou no todo de algumas cidades. Tal característica aliada à falta de programas adequados junto às áreas públicas, bem como o mau tratamento das mesmas, parece gerar outros problemas enfrentados pelo urbanismo atual como a ineficácia dos sistemas de transportes coletivos, insegurança urbana, alternativas de lazer etc.: sintomas que, grosso modo, sintetizam a cidade desconexa. A partir disso, proporemos algumas alternativas de ação para a cidade atual. / The aim of this thesis is to propose possible actions in the present city as answers to fragmented and disconnected environments that emerge through specific investigations of the urban space: a city, its morphological aspects and architecture, the connections that exist among buildings and between buildings and public spaces, as well as the idea of place as a structuring element. We propose an analysis of the present city which is based on the historical revision of a certain period and that searches for some sources of its current configuration. Thus, this thesis focuses on the relationships between architecture and city from the beginning of the twentieth century to these days, and it identifies some relevant needs concerning the routes and the urban quality as a whole, aiming at specific possibilities of intervention. The understanding of the processes related to the transformation of the form landscape, the uses functionalities / meanings and of the new kinds of obtained spaces connectivity or non-connectivity of the architecture is an important aspect for the critical and practical propositions nowadays, as they are real or investigative products. Our starting point and major motivation were the observations and analyses of the fragmentation and spreading of the present city - aspects that take place especially in large cities like São Paulo. The opposition between the recurring ways of implementation of modern buildings commonly perceived as objects which are physically detached from their peers and the traditional implementations which focus on compact blocks, has originated and here they are analyzed only as far as the morphological and architectural aspects are concerned cities that collect objects placed along the streets or squares, and that usually suffer because of its disconnection. This disconnection originates a number of problems as well as the causes of a major urban problem chronic and current which is the lack of quality of pedestrian routes; this hinders people´s use of parts of the city and, sometimes, of the whole city. This characteristic together with the lack of adequate programs for public areas, as well as the bad treatment given to them, seems to create other problems to the urban system such as inefficiency of the public transportation system, urban insecurity, new forms of entertainment, etc.: these problems, roughly speaking, describe the disconnected city. Based on this, we will propose some possible actions for the current city.

Abstract   Title: Online versus Offline - A comparative qualitative study on how young individual’s health and social relationships are influenced by connection versus disconnection   Authors: Malin Ensgård, Lisa Hallberg Nilsson   Aim: The aim of this study is to compare how young individuals communicate depending on how connected they are to social media. More specifically how it affects their mental health and social relationships, and how their usage of social media platforms should be adjusted.   Method/Material: In order to collect empirical material, we use focus group interviews and self-observations as methods.   Main Results: The study has shown a general desire for those who are not disconnected to take more distance from social media. It also shows a critical approach to social media and an awareness that the choice of being connected or disconnected is important.   Number of pages: 46   Course: Media and Communication studies C   Department: Department of Informatics   University: Uppsala University
   Period: HT – 2018   Tutor: Kerstin Engström   Keywords: Social media, connection, disconnection, online, offline

Strong demand for wireless communications encourages academic research centres and industrial electronics and communication companies to keep improving the performance, increase the speed, extend the coverage area and enlarge the baud rate and capacity. LTE (Long Term Evolution) and WiMAX (the Worldwide Interoperability Microwave Access) are recent solutions for most wireless technologies. LTE and WiMAX coverage range are one of the important factors that affect the quality of broadband access services and mobile cellular systems in wireless communication. Predicting and evaluating the path loss is essential in planning and designing cellular mobile systems. This thesis presents a comprehensive study of path loss on LTE and mobile WiMAX to achieve large throughputs and wide coverage at the Cell-edge. The thesis introduces, analyzes and compares the path loss values, based on LTE and WiMAX standard at one carrier frequency, namely 3.5GHz and a variation of distances in the range of 1 to 50 km, in flat rural, suburban and urban environments. The thesis discusses and implements the Okumura, Hata, Cost-231, Ericsson, Erceg, Walfish, Ecc-33, Lee and the simplified free space path loss models. The objectives of path loss evaluation results are to calculate the link budget, the power outage and the base station cell coverage area for mobile cellular systems. A femtocell (FMC) is a low cost low power cellular home base station, operating in licensed spectrum. Because of the requirement for high data rates and improved coverage indoors, FMC provides a solution to these requirements. FMC is deployed mainly indoors and sometimes outdoors at the cell-edge to increase the area of coverage, capacity and in order to enhance the received signal in the user’s premises. The thesis presents the interference, SINR and the probability of connection for the downlink with different numbers of FMCs based on LTE and WiMAX OFDMA. Moreover, comparisons of interference, SINR and probability of connection for three different numbers of FMCs and for three different indoor areas are presented. In addition, a comparison for the probability of connection with various threshold values and numbers of FMCs is simulated and presented in 3-D. The probability of connection for a varied number of FMCs is a guide study to find the appropriate number of FMCs that could serve a specific indoor area and the proper number of UEs in the specified area. The thesis also presents the interference, SINR and the probability of connection at the uplink for a user equipment device (UE) to an FMC with varied number of UEs based on LTE and WiMAX OFDMA. Moreover, comparisons of the interference, SINR and probability of connection for three different areas at the uplink are presented. Therefore, analyzing probability of connection with varied number of UEs is a worthy study in order to identify the appropriate number of UEs that could be served by a specific number of FMCs at a specific indoor location. The thesis presents and investigates the capacity of MIMO with the presence of FMCs to perform cancellation of co-channel interference. The research introduces algorithms to calculate the capacity of MIMO with the presence of FMCs by two models. The simulation results show that the capacity equations of model-2 give better results than the capacity equations of model-1. Therefore, model-2 is used for the interference cancellation of MIMO in the presence of MIMO. Interference cancellation is performed at the downlink when the signal is transmitted from FMC to UE by mitigating and cancelling the interference which comes from the neighbouring FMCs to the target UE. The thesis introduces, explains and applies a novel algorithm to calculate the capacity of MIMO at the presence of FMCs with interference cancellation by these channel equalizers ZF, MMSE, VBLAST ZF, VBLAST MMSE and VBLAST OFDM MMSE.

Esta tese propõe ações possíveis na cidade atual como respostas a ambientes fragmentados e desconexos, revelados por meio de investigações específicas do espaço urbano: a cidade, seus aspectos morfológicos e sua arquitetura, as conexões de edifícios entre si e com os espaços públicos e a ideia de lugar como elemento estruturador. Propomos uma análise da cidade atual fundamentada numa revisão histórica de um período determinado, buscando algumas raízes para a configuração atual. Sendo assim, o conteúdo geral da tese desenvolve uma leitura focada nas relações entre arquitetura e cidade, tendo como ponto de partida o início do século XX e ponto de chegada a atualidade, reconhecendo algumas demandas significativas relacionadas aos percursos e à qualidade urbana em geral, apontando possibilidades específicas de intervenção. O entendimento dos processos relacionados às transformações da forma paisagem, usos funcionalidades / significados - e das novas modalidades de espaços obtidos conectividade ou não conectividade da arquitetura surge como dado importante para as proposições críticas e práticas na atualidade, como produtos reais ou investigativos. Nosso ponto de partida e principal motivação foram observações e análises do fenômeno da fragmentação e dispersão da cidade atual, observada especialmente em metrópoles como São Paulo. A contraposição das formas recorrentes de implantação dos edifícios modernos comumente percebidos como objetos desvinculados fisicamente de seus pares - frente às implantações tradicionais, cuja tônica são os quadras compactas, originou aqui analisados nos aspectos restritos ao resultado morfológico e arquitetônico - não raro, tipos de cidades que colecionam objetos dispostos ao longo das vias ou praças e que, comumente, sofrem pela desconexão generalizada. Essa desconexão é origem de uma série de problemas e, dentre outros, entendemos que nela encontram-se as causas para um relevante problema urbano, ao mesmo tempo crônico e também atual, que é a falta de qualidade dos percursos para pedestres prejudicando a fruição das pessoas em partes ou no todo de algumas cidades. Tal característica aliada à falta de programas adequados junto às áreas públicas, bem como o mau tratamento das mesmas, parece gerar outros problemas enfrentados pelo urbanismo atual como a ineficácia dos sistemas de transportes coletivos, insegurança urbana, alternativas de lazer etc.: sintomas que, grosso modo, sintetizam a cidade desconexa. A partir disso, proporemos algumas alternativas de ação para a cidade atual. / The aim of this thesis is to propose possible actions in the present city as answers to fragmented and disconnected environments that emerge through specific investigations of the urban space: a city, its morphological aspects and architecture, the connections that exist among buildings and between buildings and public spaces, as well as the idea of place as a structuring element. We propose an analysis of the present city which is based on the historical revision of a certain period and that searches for some sources of its current configuration. Thus, this thesis focuses on the relationships between architecture and city from the beginning of the twentieth century to these days, and it identifies some relevant needs concerning the routes and the urban quality as a whole, aiming at specific possibilities of intervention. The understanding of the processes related to the transformation of the form landscape, the uses functionalities / meanings and of the new kinds of obtained spaces connectivity or non-connectivity of the architecture is an important aspect for the critical and practical propositions nowadays, as they are real or investigative products. Our starting point and major motivation were the observations and analyses of the fragmentation and spreading of the present city - aspects that take place especially in large cities like São Paulo. The opposition between the recurring ways of implementation of modern buildings commonly perceived as objects which are physically detached from their peers and the traditional implementations which focus on compact blocks, has originated and here they are analyzed only as far as the morphological and architectural aspects are concerned cities that collect objects placed along the streets or squares, and that usually suffer because of its disconnection. This disconnection originates a number of problems as well as the causes of a major urban problem chronic and current which is the lack of quality of pedestrian routes; this hinders people´s use of parts of the city and, sometimes, of the whole city. This characteristic together with the lack of adequate programs for public areas, as well as the bad treatment given to them, seems to create other problems to the urban system such as inefficiency of the public transportation system, urban insecurity, new forms of entertainment, etc.: these problems, roughly speaking, describe the disconnected city. Based on this, we will propose some possible actions for the current city.

ABSTRACT This thesis examines an incongruity that exists within Florida's ESOL program. While the curriculum standards direct teachers to "develop and integrate" skills in speaking, listening, reading and writing, student promotions to higher fluency levels are based solely on reading assessments. Listening assessments are also required to "determine instructional needs," but writing assessments are not required and, in most cases, not given. As a result, reading is prioritized, writing is subordinated, the connection between the two skills is broken, and the mutual benefits of integration are lost. Studies conducted during the last 50 years have consistently shown that the integration of reading and writing produces a symbiosis in which students learn to write from reading and learn to read from writing (Olson and Land pp 269, 289). Many educational programs have now adopted an integrated approach to instruction in reading and writing (Common Core 1). Others, like Florida's ESOL program, tout the idea of integration in the curriculum standards without promoting the practice of integration in the classroom. Without a program of de facto integration, curricular proclamations devolve into hollow platitudes. To reconnect the two skills and restore integration, Florida must require a writing assessment system. This thesis proposes several writing assessments from BEST Literacy, FCAT and the GED program that could be adapted for use. Not only would a writing assessment promote balance and integration, it would better prepare ESOL students to succeed in a world that requires proficiency, not only in reading, but also in writing (Graham 31).

Characterizing a manifold up to isometry is a challenging task. A manifold is a topological space. One may equip a manifold with a metric, and generally speaking, this metric determines how the manifold “looks". An example of this would be the unit sphere in R3. While we typically envision the standard metric on this sphere to give it its familiar shape, one could define a different metric on this set of points, distorting distances within this set to make it seem perhaps more ellipsoidal, something not isometric to the standard round sphere. In an effort to distinguish manifolds up to isometry, we wish to compute meaningful invariants. For example, the Riemann curvature tensor and its surrogates are examples of invariants one could construct. Since these objects are generally too complicated to compare and are not real valued, we construct scalar invariants from these objects instead. This thesis will explore these invariants and exhibit a special family of manifolds that are not flat on which all of these invariants vanish. We will go on to properly define, and gives examples of, manifolds, metrics, tangent vector fields, and connections. We will show how to compute the Christoffel symbols that define the Levi-Civita connection, how to compute curvature, and how to raise and lower indices so that we can produce scalar invariants. In order to construct the curvature operator and curvature tensor, we use the miracle of pseudo-Riemannian geometry, i.e., the Levi-Civita connection, the unique torsion free and metric compatible connection on a manifold. Finally, we examine Generalized Plane Wave Manifolds, and show that all scalar invariants of Weyl type on these manifolds vanish, despite the fact that many of these manifolds are not flat.

Precast concrete bridge deck panels have been used for decades to accelerate bridge construction. Cracking of the transverse connection between panels is a common problem that can damage deck overlays and cause connection leaking leading to corrosion of lower bridge elements. To better understand the behavior of bridge deck transverse female-to-female connections, shear and moment lab testing were performed at Utah State University for the Utah Department of Transportation. Two existing UDOT connections were tested, a welded stud connection and a post tensioned connection. A variation of the welded connection using rebar was also tested. In addition, two new curved bolt connections were tested as a new method of post tensioning a connection. The manner of connection cracking and associated cracking loads were recorded along with the ultimate connection capacities. The connections were also tested in a low cycle, high amplitude cyclical shear test. Lab testing showed that the welded stud connection had the lowest moment capacity. It also showed that the welded rebar connection had significantly higher strength than the welded stud connection with higher cracking and ultimate loads. Curved bolts were also shown to be a good way to post tension a connection with similar moment capacities as the post tensioned connection. Longer curved bolts were found to perform better than shorter curved bolts.

Views on the valuing and revitalization of textiles education in secondary schools in New South Wales (NSW) vary widely. NSW is unique in that it is the only state in Australia to have a discrete textiles related subject offered for their senior secondary qualifications. The introduction of a new syllabus for the upper secondary schools in 1999 saw the Higher School Certificate (HSC) subject of Textiles and Design become the fastest growing HSC subject from 2000 - 2004. The fact that the subject survived the review of the New HSC was a testimony to the support it received from all sectors of textiles education from secondary to tertiary level and from the professional associations representing the textiles industry. The main concern expressed by the teachers in the secondary schools was the ageing of the current teaching population and the inadequacy of the training institutions to train teachers in sufficient quantity and quality to replace those who are antici pated to retire over the next five years. The study aimed to identify the perceived value of textiles education as a means of supporting the promotion of the subject and to uncover any negative perceptions of the subject and its future so strategies could be developed to overcome any barriers to the revival and maintenance of the subject beyond 2010. Of particular interest was the value of textiles education in bridging a cultural divide between migrant students and the schools and its importance to students of all abilities for its development and expression of creativity. The negative aspects of the cost of resources and perception of low status as an academic subject in schools are addressed. The significance of the study is based in the inclusive nature of the participants represented in the study that include head teachers, secondary textiles teachers, student teachers and secondary textiles students. The diversity of perspectives gave richness to the data and provides some wonderful insights into the dynamic relationships that affect the effective presentation of textiles curriculum in secondary schools. Using models to analyse the historical influences on current perceptions of textiles, the study found evidence of the resilience and drive of new young teachers who are often not given the encouragement to develop their skills in preparation to support the future of textiles education in NSW.

<p>Syftet med detta examensarbete är att titta på och eventuellt upptäcka vissa samband mellan de vanligaste klimatparametrarna (lufttemperatur, sol, vind, luftfuktighet och lufttryck) och inomhusklimatet. Inomhusklimatet är i detta arbete det samma som luftens temperatur inomhus.</p><p>Även en sammanställning av två studier kring NordIQ’s styrning av värmesystemet och tappvarmvattnet görs.</p><p> </p><p>En stor del av arbetet har varit att sammanställa och studera insamlad data från bland annat en väderstation.</p><p>Under den här perioden (våren) är det solen och utomhustemperaturen som har störst påverkan på temperaturen inomhus.</p><p> </p><p>En stor del inom energisektorn idag handlar om att använda energin effektivare och minska på utsläppen. Förhoppningen är att detta arbete ska kunna hjälpa till i den riktningen. Att utnyttja gratisenergin och dra ner på t.ex. fjärrvärmen är ett sätt, att inte kyla bort övertemperaturer utan att istället dra ner på den köpta energin.</p><p> </p><p>Ett annat sätt att utnyttja energin på ett effektivare sätt är att öka avkylningen och minska på flödet i uppvärmningssystemet. Det är något som NordIQ säger sig göra med sin styrning av värme och tappvarmvatten.</p><p>Sammanställningen visar att det stämmer.</p> / <p>The purpose of this thesis is to study and contingently discover some linkage between the most common climate parameters (air temperature, sun, wind, air humidity and air pressure) and the indoor climate. The indoor climate in this thesis is the same as the air-temperature indoor.</p><p>Also a compilation of two studies about NordIQ´s controlling of the heating system and hot water is done.</p><p> </p><p>A major portion of the work has been to compile and study collected data from among other things a weather station.</p><p>During this period (spring) the sun and the outdoor temperature have the greatest impact on the indoor temperature.</p><p> </p><p>A major portion of the energy sector today is about how to use the energy in a more effective way and decrease the emissions. Hopefully this thesis will help in that direction. To use the free energy and reduce for example district heating is one way, not cooling the high indoor temperatures, rather reduce the bought energy.</p><p> </p><p>Another way to take advantage of the energy in a more efficient approach is to increase annealing and reduce the flow in the heating system. That´s something with the aim of NordIQ`s controlling of the heat and hot water.</p><p>The compilation shows that it´s true.</p>