The issue of political integration has been one of the most contentious subjects in terms of the academic studies concerning European integration. Despite many researches have been conducted in the areas concerning institutional problems, enlargement or European security, the researches concerning the socio-political diemnsion of the politcal integration are still very rare. This thesis approaches to the issue of political integration from a socio-political perspective.The problematic of the EU citizenship, its impacts upon the European political identity and possible measures to reconstruct the EU citizenship in accordance with the imperatives of postnational citizenship have been analyzed in a multidimensional framework.In that respect, it has been asserted that, if the EU citizenship could be restructured in accordance with a postnational understanding, it would provide an accurate measure to develop the feelings of Europeanness among the masses and thus,many initial tensions obscuring the political integration would be gradually resolved.

Cette étude se penche sur les doctrines du droit parlementaire entendues comme les discours à prétention savante relatifs au droit des assemblées parlementaires. Elle s’attache à retracer l’apparition et l’évolution de ces discours en France et distingue trois groupes doctrinaux en fonction de la conception des rapports entre Droit et politique sur laquelle ils se fondent. Les trois parties de la thèse sont ainsi respectivement consacrées à chacun de ces groupes : la doctrine politique des « professeurs-parlementaires », la doctrine technique des « professeurs-administrateurs » et enfin à la doctrine juridique des « professeurs-universitaires ». La pertinence de cette typologie est éprouvée au regard de la notion de constitutionnalisation qui apparait particulièrement polysémique et dont l’application au droit parlementaire contemporain suscite des difficultés conceptuelles. Celles-ci s’expliquent notamment par le fait que chaque groupe doctrinal tend à développer une conception de la constitutionnalisation qui lui est propre en fonction de la théorie du Droit politique qu’elle adopte. La doctrine politique s’attache à une constitutionnalisation de conservation du droit parlementaire, la doctrine technique promeut une constitutionnalisation d’optimisation du droit parlementaire tandis que la doctrine juridique se rallie à une constitutionnalisation de subordination du droit parlementaire. / This study examines the doctrines of parliamentary law understood as scholarly speeches relating to the rules of parliamentary assemblies. It attempts to trace the appearance and evolution of these discourses in France and distinguishes three doctrinal groups according to the conception of the relations between Law and politics on which they are based. The three parts of the thesis are respectively devoted to each of these groups: the political doctrine of "parliamentary professors", the technical doctrine of "professors-administrators" and finally the legal doctrine of "university professors". The relevance of this typology is tested with regards to the notion of constitutionalization, which appears to be particularly polysemic and whose application to contemporary parliamentary law raises conceptual difficulties. These are explained in particular by the fact that each doctrinal group tends to develop its own conception of the notion of constitutionalization, according to the theory of the political right it adopts. The political doctrine focuses on a constitutionalization of the conservation of parliamentary law, the technical doctrine promotes a constitutionalization of optimization of parliamentary law while the legal doctrine is associated with a constitutionalization of subordination of parliamentary law.

This article base line bears on the relevance of the process– developed after 1945– of law’s constitutionalization, its foundations established and main characteristics. This process is framed by HumanRights fully implementation, such as rejection of impunity concerning serious human rights violations, respect to due process, the integrality and indivisibility of human rights, also respect to indigenous people and limits to state of emergency. Finally, through reviewing laws for compliance, the author highlights the importance of jurisdictional bodies for an effective fulfillment of constitutional and supranational rules signed by the States. / El artículo toma como punto de partida la relevancia del proceso de constitucionalización del derecho desarrollado luego de 1945, los fundamentos que consagra y sus principales características. Este proceso se enmarca en lavigencia de los derechos humanos que se enarbolan, como el rechazo a la impunidad respecto de violaciones graves de derechos humanos, el respeto al debido proceso, la integralidad de los derechos humanos, el respeto a los pueblos indígenas y los límites del Estado de excepción. Finalmente, mediante el análisis del control de convencionalidad, el autor resalta la importancia de los órganos jurisdiccionales en el efectivo cumplimiento de las normas constitucionales y supranacionales suscritas por los Estados.

La constitutionnalisation représente “une action qui consiste en l’octroide la nature constitutionnelle à un règle ou en la confirmation d’une institution par larègle constitutionnelle ”1. La définition trouvée dans le Vocabulaire juridique este trèsrestreinte et incomplète. Le phénomène de constitutionnalisation est complexe et semanifeste dans toutes les branches du droit, tant par l’entremise de la doctrine quepar des moyens jurisprudentielles, qui seront mises en évidence à travers cetouvrage.De nos jours, le procès de constitutionnalisation du droit en général et du droit pénalen particulaire, comporte d’intérêt par les méthodes utilisées, par les effets qu’ilproduit, mais également par la nécessité de la différentiation d’autres conceptssimilaires, comme constitutionalité ou constitutionalisme.L’importance du thème se focalise sur la nécessité de l’élimination des confusionscrées autour du terme de constitutionnalisation. En égale mesure, on se propose àmettre en valeur les prémisses du phénomène de constitutionnalisation, mais aussiles moyens par lesquels le procès en soi-même produit ses effets.Le thème choisi comporte l’intérêt d’une approche interdisciplinaire, tels quel’approche de la perspective du droit comparé, ce qui confère d’originalité, maiségalement une vision innovatrice sur l’intersection des deux branches du droit.Le plan binaire suppose une analyse concernant les premisses de laconstitutionnalisation du droit pénal et les moyens et les effets de laconstitutionnalisation du droit pénal roumain et français. / The chosen topic sets forward the interest of an interdisciplinaryapproach as well as the approach from the perspective of comparative law, thusconferring originality, but also an innovating vision on the intersection of two lawbranches. We propose the analysis of criminal law constitutionalization due to thegeneral trend in which criminal law is equally subscribed, namely that ofinternationalization, Europeanization and constitutionalization of law. Moreover, thestudy of the two law branches is relevant given the highly intimate connectionsbetween them, through rendering more effective the protection of fundamental rightsand liberties.As research method we subscribed the entire thesis to a well-known method ofRomanian and French university school which embraces a new binary structure:problematization – solutions or hypothesis – demonstrations. The problem orhypothesis raised by the thesis is ”What is the starting point and how does the process of constitutionalization of the criminal law acts/functions?”, implicitlyadmitting the existence of such a phenomenon. The solutions or demonstrations arereflected as answers to the central questions, forged on the research plan of thethesis: highlighting the relations between criminal law and the Constitution,respectively of the means of constitutionalization and the effects of this phenomenon.Following the principles exposed by Legal Sociology regarding the integration of aprocess in the limits of a phenomenon, we reached the conclusion that in the case ofconstitutionalization, it fulfills all necessary requirements in order to be catalogued assuch. An argument in this respect is represented by the spread of this phenomenonboth from the spatial perspective (being encountered both in the European space aswell as in the international space) and from the perspective of the branches of law,which are subject to the process of constitutionalization (accordingly, we identified aseries of illustrations from Administrative Law, Labor Law, Economic Law, EuropeanLaw of Contracts or the Right to a Healthy Environment).The crystallization of the constitutionalization notion is carried out by reporting toother terms, so as to configure the delimitation of the concept. In order to delimit theconcept of constitutionalization we conducted a reporting to codification,constitutionalism, conventionality and constitutionality, underlining the existingdiscrepancies between these terms. It is estimated that there are seven stages ofconstitutionalization: 1) rigid constitution, 2) jurisdictional guaranteeing of theConstitution, 3) the compulsory force of the Constitution, 4) ”over-interpretation” ofthe Constitution, 5) interpretation of laws in accordance with the Constitution, 6)direct application of constitutional norms, 7) influence of the Constitution on politicalreports.The binary structure of the doctorate thesis proposes the analysis of theconstitutionalization phenomenon from a dual perspective: the premises ofconstitutionalization (materialized in the supremacy of the Constitution, theconstitutional grounds of criminal law, as well as constitutional guarantees in criminalmatters), and the proper constitutionalization of criminal law (which we equallystructured on the means of achievement of constitutionalization and the effects of thisphenomenon).

De fameux arrêts rendus le 10 juillet 2002, par la Chambre sociale de la Cour de cassation, on retient surtout le revirement de jurisprudence concernant les clauses de non-concurrence insérées dans un contrat de travail : pour être valides, ces stipulations doivent désormais remplir différentes conditions cumulatives, dont le versement, au salarié, d’une contrepartie financière. Mais le visa - inédit - du « principe fondamental de libre exercice d’une activité professionnelle » a moins retenu l’attention. Certains ont vu dans cette norme un simple substitut de principes plus classiques (tels les principes de la liberté du travail, de la liberté du commerce et de l’industrie ou de la liberté d’entreprendre), tandis que d’autres ont cru trouver le véritable fondement de ces arrêts novateurs dans l’article 1131 du Code civil requérant que toute obligation ait une cause. La consécration et la sollicitation de ce principe de libre exercice d’une activité professionnelle constituent pourtant un apport majeur de ces décisions et d’une série significative d’arrêts postérieurs. Par référence à cette norme – et sans précision de son assise textuelle – la Cour de cassation a construit le régime des clauses de non-concurrence en droit du travail et conduit une véritable politique jurisprudentielle en la matière. Cette norme a en outre fondé la mise en question de la validité d’autres clauses et d’autres pratiques. Sa promotion en fait un élément singulier du droit positif, capable d’enrichir divers débats et de régir nombre de situations juridiques, au-delà des rapports de travail salarié. Son avènement et ses conquêtes participent aussi de phénomènes plus amples affectant l’ordre juridique français, notamment sa constitutionnalisation. Son actualité comme ses potentialités commandaient de consacrer enfin une étude à cet authentique « principe », de l’identifier précisément et de prendre la mesure de sa portée. / From the well-known court rulings pronounced by the Social Chamber of the Court of cassation on July 10th 2002, the most notorious is the reversal of jurisprudence about non-competition clauses inserted into an employment contract: to be valid, these stipulations now have to satisfy several cumulative conditions, among others the payment, to the employee, of a financial compensation. But the visa – never seen before – of the “fundamental principle of free exercise of a professional activity” didn’t get as much attention. For some people, this norm was just a substitute of more classical principles (as the principles of freedom of work, of freedom of trade and industry, or of freedom of enterprise), while others found the real foundation of these rulings in article 1131 of the Civil Code, that requires that any obligation has a cause. However, this principle of free exercise of a professional activity recognized in these decisions and used in a series of subsequent court rulings is a major contribution.Through this norm – without detailing its textual foundation – the Court of cassation built the non-competition clauses’ rules in labour law and drove a real case law policy. Furthermore, thanks to this norm, the validity of other clauses and other practices was questioned. The promotion of this norm makes it a singular element of positive law, able to improve many discussions and to govern many legal cases, beyond salaried work relationships. Also, its advent and conquests pertain to largest phenomena which affect the French legal order, for example its constitutionalization. Its topicality as well as its potentialities required to devote a study to this authentic “principle”, in order to identify it accurately and to evaluate its impact.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Eduardo Pereira Furlani.pdf: 1550809 bytes, checksum: 5927eaf87c9e7df6c6d8c5c04587dba6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-09 / There is no doubt as to the composition of the legal system consists of rules and principles for this, we begin this present study classifies about the concepts, exteriorization of the concept and principles, identifying them as their respective functions and settings in the legal scenario and in the context of the regime legal public law. It relies on the following principles in the interpretation of the legal landscape on the principle of supremacy of public over private interest, even taking into account the activity of this exegesis in the process of constitutional and as the activity of the public administration and administrator and the mechanisms of state action in the face of the constitution. We understand which supports authorizing the obedience, the conflicts between those who point out its impracticality and those that seek to reconstruct it, and a critical analysis from the perspective of the state may consider whether there is supremacy of public interest over the particular. How questioning, pointed to the current constitutional order is adjusted to the process of constitutional norms under the Constitution, even if these conditioning fit for Public Policy and the broader aspects of social change in order to promote the public interest. We tried to thus address some controversy as and when an act is directed to benefit a specific public interest, collective interest or private interest, but did not earn the same benefits given to other public interest. As a theoretical underpinning of this study we relied on the following authors: Humberto Avila, Celso Antonio Bandeira De Mello, Robert Alexy, Luiz Roberto Barroso, Maria Sylvia Zanella Di Pietro, Marçal Justen Son, Daniel Sarmento, which led to numerous scores and discussions on this work. It is redefining the idea of showing the supremacy of public interest over the particular, with the recognition that private interests may fall under the protection of the Constitution and require weights as earned to each individual case / Não há dúvida quanto à composição do sistema jurídico formado por regras e princípios, para isto, iniciamos este presente trabalho classificando quanto à conceituação, noção e exteriorização dos princípios, identificando-os quanto suas respectivas funções e colocações no cenário jurídico e no contexto do Regime Jurídico de Direito Público. Tomamos por base após a interpretação dos princípios no cenário jurídico a relativa aplicação do princípio da supremacia do direito público sobre o interesse privado, levando-se ainda em conta a atividade deste sob a exegese do processo de constitucionalização e quanto a atividade do Administração Pública e do Administrador e os Mecanismos de atuação do Estado em face da constitucionalização. Objetivamos compreender quais os suportes que autorizam a obediência, os conflitos existentes entre os que apontam sua inviabilidade e os que buscam reconstruí-lo, além de uma análise crítica, sob a ótica do Estado, podendo considerar se há supremacia do interesse público sobre o particular. Como questionamento, apontamos se o atual ordenamento Constitucional encontra-se ajustado ao processo de constitucionalização das normas infraconstitucionais, condicionando ainda se estas se ajustam as Políticas Públicas e aos mais amplos aspectos de mudança social, a fim de promover o interesse público. Buscou-se assim, solucionar algumas controvérsias como e quando um ato se direcione a beneficiar um determinado interesse público, interesses coletivos ou mesmo interesse particulares, mas não auferir as mesmas vantagens a outro determinado interesse público. Como sustentação teórica deste estudo nos baseamos nos seguintes autores: Humberto Ávila, Celso Antonio Bandeira De Mello, Robert Alexy, Luiz Roberto Barroso, Maria Sylvia Zanella Di Pietro, Marçal Justen Filho, Daniel Sarmento, que propiciaram a inúmeras pontuações e discussões acerca do presente trabalho. Conclui-se apresentando redefinição da ideia de supremacia do interesse público sobre o particular, com o reconhecimento de que os interesses privados podem recair sob a proteção da Constituição e exigir ponderações quando auferidas a cada caso concreto

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Waldomiro Ferreira Alves Junior.pdf: 922441 bytes, checksum: 5d33a290fad0a3df1d4c1f48b983363a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / This dissertation work presents some reflections on the theory of dialogue of sources, especially to verify that its use may or may not favor the borrower's civil sphere having as parameter the constitutionalization of civil law in the idea of public order and verification, ipso facto, the possibility of applying the principles and rules of the Code of Consumer Protection, applicable to mutual banking to these relations. The doctrine and jurisprudence have shown that the opposite way, to apply the provisions of the Civil Code to consumer relations is already an undeniable reality. The question is whether the legal-constitutional arrangement can allow this to happen. Leads also to reflect the making of valid contracts in line with the constitutional principles enhances the exercise of citizenship. Objective is, ultimately contributing to the study of the problem that manifests the relational analysis of the issues cited. / O presente trabalho dissertativo apresenta algumas reflexões sobre a teoria do diálogo das fontes, especialmente para verificar se sua utilização pode ou não favorecer o mutuário da esfera cível tendo como parâmetros a constitucionalização do direito civil na ideia de ordem pública e a verificação, ipso facto, da possibilidade de aplicação dos princípios e normas do Código de Defesa do Consumidor, aplicáveis ao mútuo bancário, a essas relações. A doutrina e a jurisprudência têm demonstrado que o caminho inverso, o de se aplicarem as disposições do Código Civil às relações de consumo já é uma realidade inconteste. Resta saber se o arranjo jurídico-constitucional poderá possibilitar que isso ocorra. Analisa-se também a hipótese de a feitura de contratos válidos em sintonia com os ditames constitucionais potencializar o exercício da cidadania. Objetiva-se, enfim, contribuir para o estudo da problemática que se manifesta na análise relacional dos temas citados.

Traditionnellement, le droit des contrats de tradition romaniste a eu, pour l’essentiel, sa source dans la loi et notamment dans le Code civil. Ainsi les contractants ont disposé d’une grande liberté d’action juridique, car la plupart des lois régissant les contrats présentaient un caractère supplétif de la volonté individuelle. Cependant, cette primauté du législatif a été limitée par la promulgation des Constitutions d’après-guerre. En effet et incontestablement, les droits de l’homme sont à la mode, et cette vogue laisse son empreinte dans le droit des contrats. Désormais, il n’est plus possible au législateur de porter atteinte à certains principes ayant valeur constitutionnelle. De plus, ce système permet au juge constitutionnel contemporain d’annuler des dispositions législatives portant atteinte à des tels impératifs. De même, les gardiens des nouvelles constitutions s’octroient le pouvoir d’indiquer l’interprétation que les juges ordinaires doivent retenir des textes législatifs. De cette façon le juge constitutionnel devient un acteur important du droit des contrats dans la famille romaniste. Il émerge ainsi un évènement qui marque une nouvelle étape dans le développement du droit privé des contrats : sa constitutionnalisation. Or ce nouvel épisode donne lieu au débat sur une éventuelle remise en cause de l’ordre contractuel civiliste. / Traditionally, the law of contracts of Romani tradition has basically had its source in the law and in particular in the Civil Code. Thus the contracting parties had a great deal of legal discretion, since most of the laws governing contracts had a residual character of the individual will. However, this primacy of the legislature has been limited by the promulgation of the post-war Constitutions. Indeed and incontestably, human rights are the fashion, and this vogue leaves its imprint in the law of contracts. From now on, it is no longer possible for the legislator to violate certain principles having constitutional value. Moreover, this system allows the contemporary constitutional judge to annul statutory provisions that violate such imperatives. Similarly, the guardians of the new constitutions give themselves the power to indicate the interpretation that ordinary judges must adopt of the legislative texts. In this way the constitutional judge becomes an important actor of contract law in the Romanist family. Thus, an event marks a new stage in the development of private contract law: its constitutionalization. This new episode gives rise to the debate on a possible questioning of the contractual civil order.

Étudier la constitutionnalisation du droit du travail en tant que dynamique contemporaine suppose d'envisager non seulement la dynamique actuelle de ce mouvement mais également sa dynamique future. En premier lieu, le droit du travail s'inscrit pleinement dans un mouvement général de constitutionnalisation des branches du droit. Le droit du travail est donc l'objet d'une constitutionnalisation. Le droit du travail est, ensuite, une source de constitutionnalisation en permettant la reconnaissance de la valeur constitutionnelle de plusieurs droits et libertés civils de premier plan. En second lieu, le droit du travail subit actuellement des évolutions susceptibles d'entretenir des rapports étroits avec la constitutionnalisation dont il fait l'objet. Tout d'abord, les réformes récentes tendent à opérer une redéfinition du dialogue social. Les rapports entre la loi et la convention collective se trouvent ainsi profondément revisités. Ces évolutions, par la particularité des problématiques qu'elles soulèvent sont de nature à amplifier considérablement la constitutionnalisation du droit du travail. Place de la négociation collective dans l'élaboration de la loi, relations entre dispositions supplétives et compétence du législateur, capacité de résistance du contrat individuel de travail les questions sont non seulement nombreuses mais également originales. Ensuite, les orientations du droit du travail s'avèrent changeantes. Les apports que peut avoir la constitutionnalisation du droit du travail à la définition de ces orientations doivent être soulignés. Plus particulièrement, elle peut endosser à la fois un rôle d'obstacle et de moteur dans cette définition. / Studying the constitutionalization of labor law as a contemporary dynamic implies considering not only the current dynamics of this movement but also its future dynamics. In the first place, labor law is full y part of a general process of constitutionalization of the different branches of the law. Labor law is therefore the subject of a constitutionalization. Labor law is also a source of constitutionalization as it is the source of constitutional recognition for several important civil rights and freedoms. Second, labor law is currently undergoing several evolutions which are likely to entertain close relations with the constitutionalisation process it is going through. Recent reforms tend to redefine labour relations. The relation between law and collective agreements is deeply revisited. These developments, because of the particular nature of the problems they raise, are likely to amplify the constitutionalization of labor Jaw. Several original questions are raised : collective negociations in the process of law-making, relations between supplementary provisions and legislative power, resiliance of the individual employment contract. At last, the orientations of labor law are changing. The constitutionalization of labor Jaw can help to define or redefine these orientations. More specifically, it can act both as an obstacle and a driving force in this definition.

The link between Administrative Law and Constitutional Law, branches of Public Law, is undeniable. It is even more patent currently with the phenomenon of the constitutionalization of Law.In this article, the author analyses this phenomenon in the field of Administrative Law, the administrative-constitutional principles, and examines how various institutions of Administrative Law have been constitutionally configurated,outlined and controlled in Peru, for which he goes over the most important jurisprudence of the Peruvian Constitutional Court regarding the matter. / La vinculación entre el Derecho Administrativo y el Derecho Constitucional, ramas del Derecho Público, es incuestionable. Ello es incluso más notorio actualmente con el fenómeno de la constitucionalización del Derecho.  En el presente artículo, el autor analiza este fenómeno en el campo del Derecho Administrativo, los principios constitucionales administrativos, y examina cómo distintas instituciones propias del Derecho Administrativo han sido configuradas, delineadas y controladas constitucionalmente en el Perú, para lo cual repasa la más importante jurisprudencia.