Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucas Rister de Sousa Lima.pdf: 2245580 bytes, checksum: 854e86021e2ee1b949f289b37dd1f66b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-09 / Over time and as society evolved, the civil procedural system has tended to conceive techniques intended to expedite judicial protection and case-law uniformity, in order to optimize the services provided by the Judiciary and make them more efficient. Article 285-A of the Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure embodies this trend, with features of both aspects and that, ultimately, in addition to abiding by the constitutional model in force, attempts to align it with and adapt it to new prevailing social standards (particularly in connection with dual jurisdiction) on behalf of procedural economy and rationality. This rule stands as a very important tool for better utilization of the civil procedural system in general, as a time-saving method for judges, clerks of justice and other practitioners of the law, avoiding the activities with little or no influence on the outcome of proceedings, thereby contributing to better adjudication results, with decreased expenditure of time and energy, as prescribed by the principle of timely judicial protection. Moreover, as it implies a substantial change in the how procedural acts unfold (beginning, in fact, at 'the end' of a proceeding s first phase), empirical application of the technique is somewhat hampered, which is not to say that it should cease to be applied or, or that its contribution to the improvement of the system as a whole should be denied, as this study attempts to demonstrate. The technique s power and potentialities in the face of an increasingly mass-oriented society with countless repetitive activities (and its clear reflections on the design of the Judiciary itself) allow concluding, without offense to the Constitution (especially the principle of due process and the adversarial principle) and in clear obedience of the principle of equality, in favor of extending the faculties of article 285-A of the Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure to the plaintiff as well, who would be granted the same privileges afforded to defendants under similar circumstances / Com o tempo e a evolução da sociedade, verificou-se uma tendência do sistema processual civil em conceber técnicas de sumarização da tutela jurisdicional e uniformização da jurisprudência, de molde a otimizar e tornar mais eficientes os serviços prestados pelo Poder Judiciário. O art. 285-A do Código de Processo Civil brasileiro não é nada mais do que uma norma que materializa essa tendência, com traços de ambas as vertentes e que, em última análise, além de respeitar o modelo constitucional vigente, procura alinhá-lo e adequá-lo ao novo arquétipo social vigente (especialmente à chamada dualidade de jurisdições), em prestígio da economia e da racionalidade do processo. Afigura-se o aludido preceptivo em ferramenta muito importante para a oxigenação e o melhor aproveitamento do sistema processual civil de uma maneira geral, com vistas a poupar o tempo de juízes, serventuários da justiça e demais operadores do direito, com a prática de atividades que pouco ou nada influirão para o resultado final do processo, contribuindo, assim, para que se extraiam melhores resultados da prestação jurisdicional, com menor dispêndio de tempo e energia, em prestígio ao princípio da tempestividade da tutela jurisdicional. Ademais, é técnica que, por implicar sensível mudança na forma como ordinariamente ocorrem os atos de um processo (que, deveras, começa pelo fim de sua primeira fase), acaba gerando certa dificuldade na sua adequada aplicação no plano empírico, mas que, nem por isso, deve deixar de ser aplicada ou recusada a sua contribuição para o bem do sistema como um todo, como se procurará demonstrar no curso do presente trabalho. A pujança e o potencial verificados na aludida técnica, diante de uma sociedade cada vez mais massificada e com inúmeras atividades repetitivas (o que reflete, peremptoriamente, no próprio desenho do Poder Judiciário), permitem concluir, sem ofensa à Constituição Federal (notadamente aos princípios do devido processo legal e do contraditório) e prestigiando o princípio da igualdade, pela possibilidade de se estender a norma nela contida também para o autor, ao qual passaria a ser franqueada, mediante alteração legislativa, igual benesse à conferida ao réu, em semelhantes condições

After presenting the evolution of labor stability law in Peru, public and private scopes of the right to work are described allowing the Constitutional Court redefine dismissal regime (working stability of exit), in general, and specifying temporary recruitment regime (working stability of entry). Redefinition of dismissal legal framework is analyzed from constitutional and judicial case law stressing solved and pending issues. / Tras presentar la evolución del derecho de estabilidad laboral en el Perú, se precisan los alcances públicos y privados del derecho al trabajo, que permitieron al Tribunal Constitucional redefinir el régimen del despido (estabilidad laboral de salida), en general, y comenzar a precisar el régimen de contratación temporal (estabilidad laboral de entrada). Se analiza la redefinición del marco jurídico del despido a partir de la jurisprudencia constitucional y judicial, poniendo en relieve los temas resueltos y los pendientes.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The purpose of this paper is to analyze the concept of criminal impunity under the aegis of the 1988 Federal Constitution, using the concepts of garantism and symbolic constitutionalization, as defined by Luigi Ferrajoli and Marcelo Neves, respectively. The objective is to understand the relation between these two concepts and their effects for the protection of the fundamental rights of adolescents in the context of the discussion of the lowering of the criminal majority in Brazil. This is due to the fact that the criterion of the incapacity of children under eighteen years of age has undergone several attempts to change through Proposals for Amendment to the Constitution - PECs that propose the amendment of article 228 of CF / 88. In this sense, seeking a reflexive and analytical inspiration about the debates about criminal responsibility of adolescents in the scope of Criminal and Constitutional Law, the work aims to highlight the character of the criminal responsibility as a primary and fundamental right of the adolescent, and as such, unsusceptible of being weakened or abolished through constitutional reform. / Esse trabalho tem por finalidade analisar o conceito de inimputabilidade penal etária sob a égide da Constituição Federal de 1988 utilizando os conceitos de garantismo e de constitucionalização simbólica, tal como definidos por Luigi Ferrajoli e Marcelo Neves, respectivamente. O objetivo é compreender a relação entre esses dois conceitos e seus efeitos para a proteção dos direitos fundamentais dos adolescentes no contexto da discussão do rebaixamento da maioridade penal no Brasil. Isso se deve ao fato de que o critério da inimputabilidade dos menores de dezoito anos vem sofrendo diversas tentativas de alteração através de Propostas de Emenda à Constituição - PEC´s que propõem a alteração do disposto no artigo 228 da CF/88. Nesse sentido, buscando uma inspiração reflexiva e analítica acerca dos debates sobre responsabilidade penal de adolescentes, no âmbito do Direito Penal e Constitucional, o trabalho almeja destacar o caráter da inimputabilidade penal etária como garantia primária e direito fundamental do adolescente, e como tal insuscetível de ser enfraquecido ou abolido através de reforma constitucional. / São Cristóvão, SE

This study examines the effectiveness of environmental and developmental rights within the SADC region, especially the status of their implementation and enforcement in the DRC and the RSA. The SADC Treaty recognizes implicitly the rights to environment and to development. Unfortunately, the unequivocal commitment to deal with human rights within the region is not translated with equal force into the normative framework established by the Treaty or into SADC’s programmed activities. No institution has been established with the specific mandate to deal with human rights issues, neither are there any protocols or sectors especially entrusted with human rights protection and promotion. The SADC member States do not share the same understanding or agenda on matters pertaining to the respect for, and the promotion, protection and the fulfilment, of human rights at the regional level. The inception of environmental and developmental rights within the Constitution of the DRC is still in its infancy compared to the situation in South Africa. Implementation and enforcement remain poor and need important support from all organs of state and from the Congolese citizens. A strong regulatory framework pertaining to human rights (environmental and developmental rights) remains an urgent issue. Guidance may be found in the South African model for the implementation and enforcement of human rights, although the realization of the right to environment in South Africa is hampered by a number of factors that cause the degradation of the environment. Against South Africa’s socio-economic and political background, the constitutionalization of the right to development remains of critical concern to a sustainable future for all. The Congolese and South African peoples need to be made aware of their constitutional rights, especially their environmental and development rights, and the institutions and the mechanisms available to enforce them. They need to be empowered to demand justice as a right not as an act of charity. It is patently clear that the authorities will not protect the environment or tackle the development agenda unless there is a strong people’s movement to challenge the State and other role players over environmental and development issues and ethics. / Constitutional, International & Indigenous Law / LL.D.

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-14T23:15:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 04c.pdf: 1608089 bytes, checksum: 3eb4df279ca45e581077dfe7ecde18f7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-14T23:15:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 04c.pdf: 1608089 bytes, checksum: 3eb4df279ca45e581077dfe7ecde18f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-06 / Nenhuma / Com o desfecho do período submetido ao Direito Natural e o consequente surgimento do modelo de conformação estatal, aparecem com ele a segmentação entre o público e o privado e entre nacionais e estrangeiros. Sendo o território questão de interesse nacional, toca a cada Estado soberano decidir sobre como tratar a aquisição de imóveis por estrangeiros. Embora seja relevante uma análise comparativa sobre a condução do tema em outros países, a temática será desenvolvida sob a perspectiva do Direito brasileiro. Trata-se de tema que, de forma inerente, envolve Direito Privado e Direito Público. Afinal, a propriedade encontra respaldo tanto na Constituição Federal quanto no Código Civil, o que demanda uma análise da Constitucionalização do Direito (Privado), logo, do movimento dicotômico vislumbrado entre estas ramificações do Direito ao longo do tempo. Em uma sociedade transnacional de complexidade extrema, como a hoje experimentada, verificam-se significativas mudanças na concepção de ser humano, enquanto indivíduo, enquanto integrante da sociedade e enquanto partícipe da figura do Estado. Nesse cenário, aparece o específico e conturbado tratamento dado à pessoa jurídica brasileira equiparada a estrangeira, no tocante à imposição das restrições. A sua viabilidade passa pela inarredável leitura hermenêutica da influência da garantia fundamental da função social da propriedade, pautada no fundamento da dignidade da pessoa humana, na nova visão de propriedade inaugurada no século XXI. Ao pretender sejam impostas às pessoas jurídicas brasileiras as restrições típicas de aquisição de imóvel rural por estrangeiros, uma série de medidas precisam ser planejadas e implementadas. / With the outcome of the period referred to the Natural Law and the consequent emergence of the state conformation model, appear with him the segmentation between the public and private and between nationals and foreigners. Being the territory issue of national interest, touches every sovereign state to decide how to treat the acquisition of real estate by foreigners. Although relevant a comparative analysis on the driving theme in other countries, the theme will be developed from the perspective of Brazilian law. It is a topic that inherently involves private law and public law. After all, the property is supported by both the Federal Constitution and the Civil Code, which requires an analysis of the Constitutionalization of (Private) Law, so thus dichotomous glimpsed movement between these branches of the law over time. In a transnational society of extreme complexity, as experienced today, are reported to be significant changes in the conception of human being as an individual, as a member of society and as a participant in the figure of the State. In this scenario, appears the particular and troubled treatment given to Brazilian entity treated as foreign, concerning the imposition of restrictions. Its viability passes by the unmoved hermeneutic reading of the influence of the fundamental guarantee of the social function of property, based on the grounding of the dignity of the human person, in the new view of property opened in the XXI century. When you want the typical restrictions acquisition of rural property by foreigners are imposed on the Brazilian legal entities, a number of measures need to be planned and implemented.

Constitutionalizaton of Law’s different areas is a phenomenon gradually more ingrained in our cultural and legal framework. Maybe the best demonstration is the increasingly prominent role of the Constitutional Court (TC) – Constitution’s Supreme Interpreter – in defining and redefining concepts, rights and legal principles touching a range of subjects, from TaxLaw to Human Rights. This is relevant to understand the Law and its current effects whether it is valued positively or negatively. / La constitucionalización de las distintas áreas del Derecho es un fenómeno cada vez más arraigado en nuestra cultura y contexto jurídicos. Tal vez la forma más evidente en que se haya manifestado sea el creciente protagonismo del Tribunal Constitucional (TC), supremo intérprete de la Constitución, en la significación y resignificación de conceptos, derechos y principios jurídicos que, a través de sus sentencias, han afectado desde el derecho tributario hasta los derechos humanos. Sea que esto se valore positiva o negativamente, su relevancia para comprender el derecho y sus efectos en la actualidad es innegable.

This study examines the effectiveness of environmental and developmental rights within the SADC region, especially the status of their implementation and enforcement in the DRC and the RSA. The SADC Treaty recognizes implicitly the rights to environment and to development. Unfortunately, the unequivocal commitment to deal with human rights within the region is not translated with equal force into the normative framework established by the Treaty or into SADC’s programmed activities. No institution has been established with the specific mandate to deal with human rights issues, neither are there any protocols or sectors especially entrusted with human rights protection and promotion. The SADC member States do not share the same understanding or agenda on matters pertaining to the respect for, and the promotion, protection and the fulfilment, of human rights at the regional level. The inception of environmental and developmental rights within the Constitution of the DRC is still in its infancy compared to the situation in South Africa. Implementation and enforcement remain poor and need important support from all organs of state and from the Congolese citizens. A strong regulatory framework pertaining to human rights (environmental and developmental rights) remains an urgent issue. Guidance may be found in the South African model for the implementation and enforcement of human rights, although the realization of the right to environment in South Africa is hampered by a number of factors that cause the degradation of the environment. Against South Africa’s socio-economic and political background, the constitutionalization of the right to development remains of critical concern to a sustainable future for all. The Congolese and South African peoples need to be made aware of their constitutional rights, especially their environmental and development rights, and the institutions and the mechanisms available to enforce them. They need to be empowered to demand justice as a right not as an act of charity. It is patently clear that the authorities will not protect the environment or tackle the development agenda unless there is a strong people’s movement to challenge the State and other role players over environmental and development issues and ethics. / Constitutional, International and Indigenous Law / LL.D.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of international investment law rules in the Economic Constitutional Law, especially those included in investment chapters of Peruvian’s Free Trade Treaties. In particular, it is expected to demonstrate the following (i) International Investment Law is part of Peruvian Legal System; (ii) provisions of these laws are mandatory and should be applied domestically; and (iii) interpretation and implementation of this legal right should be executed consistently with domestic legal system and Peruvian international obligations. This agreed Interpretation between Investment Law and Economic Constitution will have a positive effect in rationalization of public entities actions avoiding abuses and maltreatment to investors, in order to improve investment climate as a key element forachieving country’s sustainable development. / Este trabajo tiene como objeto explorar el impacto que tienen las normas del derecho internacional de las inversiones, en específico aquellas de los capítulos de inversiones de los Tratados de Libre Comercio celebrados por el Perú, en el derecho constitucional económico. En concreto, se pretende demostrar lo siguiente: (i) el derecho internacional de las inversiones es parte del Ordenamiento Jurídico del Perú; (ii) las disposiciones de este derecho son obligatorias y deben aplicarse a nivel interno, y (iii) este derecho debe interpretarse e implementarse de manera coherente con el resto del ordenamiento interno y con las obligaciones internacionales del Perú. Esta interpretación concordada del derecho de inversiones y la Constitución económica tendrá un impacto positivo en la racionalización de la actuaciónde los órganos estatales, evitando arbitrariedades cuando sus medidas puedan afectar a un inversionista. De esta manera mejorará el clima de inversiones, el cual es un elemento necesario para lograr el desarrollo sostenible del país.

Der Einfluss Internationaler Organisationen reicht angesichts der Herausforderung, für globale Probleme Lösungen zu finden, mittlerweile so weit, dass sich die Frage nach den in ihnen vorhandenen Machtbegrenzungsmechanismen stellt. Doch wie kann die Macht Internationaler Organisationen kontrolliert werden, wenn das aus dem nationalen Verfassungsrecht bekannte Gewaltenteilungsprinzip nicht auf die internationale Ebene übertragen werden kann?   Die Arbeit analysiert die dazu innerhalb der Vereinten Nationen (UNO) und der Welthandelsorganisation (WTO) existierenden formalisierten Mechanismen anhand ihrer Gründungsverträge. Dabei werden drei Kategorien von Machtbegrenzungsmechanismen identifiziert: Kompetenzzuweisungen und -abgrenzungen, organinterne Mechanismen und schließlich Interaktion zwischen den Organen. Die in der Praxis bedeutsamsten Mechanismen stellen zum einen das Vetorecht im UN-Sicherheitsrat sowie der negative Konsens im Streitbeilegungsgremium der WTO dar, die zur Gruppe der organinternen Mechanismen gehören. Zum anderen besteht in der Kontrolle der Streitbeilegungs-Panel der WTO durch den Appellate Body eine wichtige Machtbegrenzung durch Interaktion.  Die Untersuchung dokumentiert das paradoxe Phänomen, dass die Mechanismen zur Begrenzung der Macht in vielen Fällen auch eine machtsteigernde Wirkung haben, indem sie die Effizienz, Akzeptanz und Legitimation der Organisation erhöhen. Die Verfasserin erklärt dies damit, dass das Augenmerk der Gründungsstaaten in der Entstehungsphase auf dem Funktionieren der Organisation als Gegengewicht zu ihren jeweiligen Mitgliedsstaaten lag. Dass Internationale Organisationen in der Zwischenzeit so stark an Einfluss gewonnen haben, dass ihre Macht nunmehr begrenzt werden sollte, ist eine neue Entwicklung, die jedoch in Zukunft deutlich an Bedeutung gewinnen wird. / In light of the challenge to find answers to global problems, the influence of international organizations nowadays goes so far that the question of existing checks and balances within these organizations arises. But how can power be controlled when the principle of separation of powers originating from national constitutional law cannot be transferred to the international stage? The purpose of this thesis is to analyze existing formalized internal mechanisms within the United Nations and the World Trade Organization on the basis of their founding treaties. The author identifies three categories of checks and balances: allowing and limiting competencies, mechanisms within the organs and finally interactions between the organs. In practice, the most important mechanisms of these organizations are on the one hand the power of veto within the UN Security Council and the negative consensus within the WTO dispute settlement body, which belong to the category of mechanisms within the organs. In addition, the control of the WTO dispute settlement panels by the Appellate Body is an important form of checks and balances through interaction. The analysis shows the paradoxical phenomenon, that checks and balances in many cases have the effect of increasing power by augmenting the efficiency, acceptance and legitimacy of the organization. The author explains this by reference to the intentions of the founding states during the developing phase to strengthen these organizations as a counterbalance to their respective member states. It is a new development that international organizations have now increased their influence so much that their power should be limited, but this will become significantly more important in the future.

Le salarié était destiné à devenir un citoyen dans l’entreprise. Titulaire de droits fondamentaux opposables aux pouvoirs étatiques dans la cité, il semblait normal qu’il puisse aussi les exercer devant la puissance patronale. Ces garanties sont en effet intrinsèques à tout être humain, universelles et inaliénables. Sous l’effet hiérarchique des instruments prééminents qui les consacrent, les droits et libertés se sont introduits au sein de la relation d’emploi. La nullité des normes du droit du travail qui sont incompatibles sera déclarée. La hiérarchisation des sources en droit du travail le réclame. Ces droits et libertés sont formulés en termes généraux et abstraits, ce qui augure mal de leur usage immédiat dans le monde du travail. L’activité interprétative du juge apparaît indispensable. Dans sa quête du sens des libertés dans le travail, la méthode contextuelle qu’il privilégie débouche sur une aporie. Elle l’incite à prendre en considération l’ensemble du contexte normatif de la relation d’emploi. Les sources propres au droit du travail dictent ainsi le contenu des droits de la personne et posent des conditions à leur exercice en milieu de travail. Elles justifient également de nombreuses restrictions, voire suppressions, apportées par l’employeur. Les mutations subies par la liberté d’expression et le droit à la vie privée des salariés confirment l’effet réducteur de la relation d’emploi sur les protections offertes par la Charte québécoise. Cette façon de juger renverse la pyramide des normes juridiques. Le noyau intangible de ces garanties est affaibli, car les libertés du travailleur ne possèdent plus la même signification que celles des autres citoyens. Des violations se multiplient sous le regard complice du juge, du fait que les intérêts purement privés de l’entreprise, axés sur la productivité et le profit, reçoivent une légitimité avérée. Le rapport de force et les pouvoirs de la figure patronale se fortifient par l’entremise du contentieux des droits fondamentaux en emploi. Le contrôle exercé par l’autorité patronale s’étend parfois jusque dans la vie personnelle du travailleur et compromet la jouissance des libertés hors du travail. Salarié dans l’entreprise, l’individu le demeure désormais dans la cité. S’impose alors la recherche d’un cadre d’analyse plus respectueux de la cohérence du système juridique et favorisant l’épanouissement des droits et libertés du travailleur. Les statuts de salarié et de personne humaine pourront enfin être réconciliés. / Citizenship in the workplace was destined to become a reality. As a holder of fundamental rights against state powers in society, it seemed normal that the employee could also oppose them to employers’ powers, as these guarantees are inherent to all human beings, universal and inalienable. Statutes granting a preponderance to human rights and freedoms have definitively contributed to their introduction into the employment relationship. Therefore, provisions of labour legislation or workplace rules that are inconsistent with human rights will be declared null and void. The hierarchy of sources of labour law requires it. Rights and freedoms are stated in abstract and general terms, which makes it difficult to apply them instantly in the labour sphere. Judicial interpretation appears necessary to clarify what individual freedoms mean in the workplace. However, a contextual interpretation leads to aporia. This approach encourages the decision-maker to consider the whole normative context of the employment relationship. Specific sources of labour law dictate the content of human rights and set conditions to their exercise by the salaried person. They also justify many restrictions, or even deletions, imposed by the employer. The significant changes in the scope of workers’ freedom of speech and right to privacy confirm that the employment relationship has a reductive effect on the protections offered by the Quebec Charter. This kind of reasoning inverts the hierarchical structure of the legal system. The core of human rights and freedoms is weakened. It no longer has the same meaning for workers as for other citizens. Moreover, the unchallenged legitimacy of business interests, motivated by the increase of productivity and profit, multiplies violations of the workers’ fundamental rights. The employer’s prerogatives and management rights are strengthened through the human rights case law in the field of employment. In some instances, the employer’s control can extend into the employee’s personal life and thus compromise the enjoyment of freedom beyond work. The employee status now follows the individual into his civil life. The search for an analytical framework that is more respectful of the coherence of the legal system and which fully ensures the protection and the development of human rights and freedoms at work is essential. The status of worker and of human being will finally be reconciled.