Constitutional approaches have been frequently employed in recent international legal literature. This unavoidably triggers the question of the quality of international law as a constitutionalized legal system. This thesis attempts to answer such a question by determining the necessary and sufficient conditions for a constitutionalized international legal system and whether or not, at present, such minimum requirements have been fulfilled. The main difficulty in the articulation of these conditions is the semantic problem regarding the contours and content of constitutionalism caused by the transfer of this highly contested concept to the international context. In order to understand the destination context, a cosmopolitan paradigm will be consulted to provide explanations for the state-centred character of international law as part of the world’s multi-level governance. The thesis argues that the conditions for a constitutionalized international legal system must be articulated based on the viability of the proposed legal structure and its capacity to fulfil the underlying aims of international constitutionalism. The viability criterion demands compatibility with the pluralist structure of international society. The capacity criterion requires that the proposed legal structure can fulfil the underlying aim of international constitutionalism, which is, due to its complementary relationship with domestic constitutional sites, to create international self-governance with a limited mandate for peace and fundamental human rights. Thus, it is proposed that, in order to qualify as a constitutional legal system, international law must first be sufficiently equipped with secondary rules which will provide efficacy for international law to exist as a legal system. Secondly, there must also exist a hierarchy conferring a constitutional status on certain international primary rules protecting peace and fundamental human rights. Finally, international constitutionalization requires the institutionalization of international constituted power. The examination of whether or not each condition has been met in the current international legal structure is undertaken in order to determine the constitutional quality of international law, paying particular attention to the role of jus cogens rules and the United Nations in the process of international constitutionalization. It is argued that with the existence of the three elements, international law has already been constitutionalized to a large extent. However, there remain some deficiencies especially with regard to the legitimacy of the exercise of power on matters of peace and security by the Security Council, which require further constitutionalization.

This article base line bears on the relevance of the process– developed after 1945– of law’s constitutionalization, its foundations established and main characteristics. This process is framed by HumanRights fully implementation, such as rejection of impunity concerning serious human rights violations, respect to due process, the integrality and indivisibility of human rights, also respect to indigenous people and limits to state of emergency. Finally, through reviewing laws for compliance, the author highlights the importance of jurisdictional bodies for an effective fulfillment of constitutional and supranational rules signed by the States. / El artículo toma como punto de partida la relevancia del proceso de constitucionalización del derecho desarrollado luego de 1945, los fundamentos que consagra y sus principales características. Este proceso se enmarca en lavigencia de los derechos humanos que se enarbolan, como el rechazo a la impunidad respecto de violaciones graves de derechos humanos, el respeto al debido proceso, la integralidad de los derechos humanos, el respeto a los pueblos indígenas y los límites del Estado de excepción. Finalmente, mediante el análisis del control de convencionalidad, el autor resalta la importancia de los órganos jurisdiccionales en el efectivo cumplimiento de las normas constitucionales y supranacionales suscritas por los Estados.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Waldomiro Ferreira Alves Junior.pdf: 922441 bytes, checksum: 5d33a290fad0a3df1d4c1f48b983363a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / This dissertation work presents some reflections on the theory of dialogue of sources, especially to verify that its use may or may not favor the borrower's civil sphere having as parameter the constitutionalization of civil law in the idea of public order and verification, ipso facto, the possibility of applying the principles and rules of the Code of Consumer Protection, applicable to mutual banking to these relations. The doctrine and jurisprudence have shown that the opposite way, to apply the provisions of the Civil Code to consumer relations is already an undeniable reality. The question is whether the legal-constitutional arrangement can allow this to happen. Leads also to reflect the making of valid contracts in line with the constitutional principles enhances the exercise of citizenship. Objective is, ultimately contributing to the study of the problem that manifests the relational analysis of the issues cited. / O presente trabalho dissertativo apresenta algumas reflexões sobre a teoria do diálogo das fontes, especialmente para verificar se sua utilização pode ou não favorecer o mutuário da esfera cível tendo como parâmetros a constitucionalização do direito civil na ideia de ordem pública e a verificação, ipso facto, da possibilidade de aplicação dos princípios e normas do Código de Defesa do Consumidor, aplicáveis ao mútuo bancário, a essas relações. A doutrina e a jurisprudência têm demonstrado que o caminho inverso, o de se aplicarem as disposições do Código Civil às relações de consumo já é uma realidade inconteste. Resta saber se o arranjo jurídico-constitucional poderá possibilitar que isso ocorra. Analisa-se também a hipótese de a feitura de contratos válidos em sintonia com os ditames constitucionais potencializar o exercício da cidadania. Objetiva-se, enfim, contribuir para o estudo da problemática que se manifesta na análise relacional dos temas citados.

Étudier la constitutionnalisation du droit du travail en tant que dynamique contemporaine suppose d'envisager non seulement la dynamique actuelle de ce mouvement mais également sa dynamique future. En premier lieu, le droit du travail s'inscrit pleinement dans un mouvement général de constitutionnalisation des branches du droit. Le droit du travail est donc l'objet d'une constitutionnalisation. Le droit du travail est, ensuite, une source de constitutionnalisation en permettant la reconnaissance de la valeur constitutionnelle de plusieurs droits et libertés civils de premier plan. En second lieu, le droit du travail subit actuellement des évolutions susceptibles d'entretenir des rapports étroits avec la constitutionnalisation dont il fait l'objet. Tout d'abord, les réformes récentes tendent à opérer une redéfinition du dialogue social. Les rapports entre la loi et la convention collective se trouvent ainsi profondément revisités. Ces évolutions, par la particularité des problématiques qu'elles soulèvent sont de nature à amplifier considérablement la constitutionnalisation du droit du travail. Place de la négociation collective dans l'élaboration de la loi, relations entre dispositions supplétives et compétence du législateur, capacité de résistance du contrat individuel de travail les questions sont non seulement nombreuses mais également originales. Ensuite, les orientations du droit du travail s'avèrent changeantes. Les apports que peut avoir la constitutionnalisation du droit du travail à la définition de ces orientations doivent être soulignés. Plus particulièrement, elle peut endosser à la fois un rôle d'obstacle et de moteur dans cette définition. / Studying the constitutionalization of labor law as a contemporary dynamic implies considering not only the current dynamics of this movement but also its future dynamics. In the first place, labor law is full y part of a general process of constitutionalization of the different branches of the law. Labor law is therefore the subject of a constitutionalization. Labor law is also a source of constitutionalization as it is the source of constitutional recognition for several important civil rights and freedoms. Second, labor law is currently undergoing several evolutions which are likely to entertain close relations with the constitutionalisation process it is going through. Recent reforms tend to redefine labour relations. The relation between law and collective agreements is deeply revisited. These developments, because of the particular nature of the problems they raise, are likely to amplify the constitutionalization of labor Jaw. Several original questions are raised : collective negociations in the process of law-making, relations between supplementary provisions and legislative power, resiliance of the individual employment contract. At last, the orientations of labor law are changing. The constitutionalization of labor Jaw can help to define or redefine these orientations. More specifically, it can act both as an obstacle and a driving force in this definition.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:27:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NaraRSVG_DISSERT.pdf: 2177132 bytes, checksum: edb422228fbf7a525cefa6cc045fb574 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-19 / Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Norte / The Liberal Constitutionalism emerged from the late eighteenth century, a period of major revolutions (French and American), fruit of the struggle for libertarian rights. Although the time of the first written constitutions, these were linked to mere political letters, did not provide for fundamental human rights, as it is, so only on the state organization, structure of powers, division of powers of the state and some relations between state and individuals. There was a clear division between the civil codes and constitutions, those governing private relations and acted as barriers to non-state intervention. After the Second World War, the constitutions are no longer Letters political order to establish how the human person, in order to enshrine the fundamental rights, the primacy of constitutional principles and take their normative function against ordinary legislator. Constitutional evolution gave the name of contemporary constitutionalism, based on repersonalization or despatrimonializa??o of Private Law, ceasing the separation of legislative civil codes and constitutions, in favor of the protection of fundamental rights of the human person. And this tendency to the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988 brought higher ground the dignity of the human person, the epicenter axiological legal to govern private relations, including family law. The constitutionalization of family law motivates the adoption of desjudicializa??o family issues, so as to respect the direio intimacy, privacy, private autonomy and access to justice. Conflictual family relationships require special treatment, given the diversity and dynamism of their new compositions. The break in the family relationship is guided in varied feelings among its members in order to hinder an end harmonic. Thus, the judiciary, through performances impositive, not to honor the power of decision of the parties, as also on the structural problems faced to operate on these cases, the environment is not the most appropriate to offer answers to the end of family quarrels. Situation that causes future demands on the dissatisfaction of the parties with the result. Before the development of the Family Law comes the need to adopt legal institutions, which monitor the socio-cultural, and that promote an effective assistance to people involved in this kind of conflict. In obedience to the private autonomy, before manifestations of volunteers involved in family mediation, among autocompositivos instruments of conflict resolution, is indicated as the most shaped the treatment of family quarrels. Remaining, then the state a minimal intervention to prevent excessive intrusion into private life and personal privacy / O Constitucionalismo liberal surgiu a partir do final do s?culo XVIII, per?odo de importantes revolu??es (francesa e americana), fruto da luta por direitos libert?rios. ?poca das primeiras Constitui??es escritas, embora, estas restritas ?s meras Cartas pol?ticas, com mat?rias restritas ? organiza??o do Estado, ? estrutura dos poderes, ? divis?o de compet?ncias dos ?rg?os estatais e ? algumas rela??es entre Estado e particulares. Havia n?tida divis?o entre os C?digos civis e as Constitui??es, aqueles que regiam as rela??es privadas e funcionavam como barreiras a n?o interven??o estatal. Ap?s o fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial, as Constitui??es deixaram de ser meras Cartas pol?ticas para estabelecer como fim a pessoa humana, de forma a consagrar os direitos fundamentais, a primazia dos princ?pios constitucionais e a assumir sua fun??o normativa frente ao legislador ordin?rio. A evolu??o constitucional deu-se o nome de Constitucionalismo contempor?neo, baseado na repersonaliza??o ou despatrimonializa??o do Direito Privado, valorizando o indiv?duo como fim em si mesmo em detrimento da prote??o do patrim?nio. No constitucionalismo contempor?neo as Constitui??es adotaram a tend?ncia de prote??o dos direitos fundamentais da pessoa humana. Assim, convergiu a Constitui??o Federal brasileira de 1988, a qual trouxe fundamento maior a dignidade da pessoa humana, epicentro axiol?gico jur?dico a reger as rela??es privadas, inclusive o Direito de Fam?lia. A constitucionaliza??o do Direito de Fam?lia motiva a ado??o da desjudicializa??o de quest?es familiares, de modo a se respeitar o direio ? intimidade, ? vida privada, a autonomia privada e o acesso ? justi?a. As rela??es conflitivas de fam?lia demandam tratamento especial, diante da pluralidade e dinamicidade de suas novas composi??es. A ruptura na rela??o familiar ? pautada nos variados sentimentos entre seus membros, de maneira a dificultar um fim harm?nico. Desse modo, que o Poder Judici?rio, atrav?s de atua??es impositivas, a n?o prestigiar o poder de decis?o das partes, como, tamb?m, diante de problemas estruturais enfrentados para operar nessas causas, n?o ? o ambiente dos mais adequados para ofertar respostas ao fim das querelas familiares. Situa??o que provoca futuras demandas diante da insatisfa??o das partes com o resultado. Ante a evolu??o do Direito de Fam?lia surge a necessidade na ado??o de institutos jur?dicos, os quais acompanhem as transforma??es s?cio-culturais, e, que promovam uma assist?ncia efetiva ?s pessoas envolvidas nesta esp?cie de conflito. Em obedi?ncia ? autonomia privada, diante de manifesta??es volunt?rias dos envolvidos a media??o familiar, dentre os instrumentos autocompositivos de solu??o de conflitos, ? indicada como a mais amoldada no tratamento das querelas familiares. Restando, ent?o, ao Estado uma interven??o m?nima para evitar invas?o excessiva na vida privada e intimidade das pessoas

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-14T23:15:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 04c.pdf: 1608089 bytes, checksum: 3eb4df279ca45e581077dfe7ecde18f7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-14T23:15:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 04c.pdf: 1608089 bytes, checksum: 3eb4df279ca45e581077dfe7ecde18f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-06 / Nenhuma / Com o desfecho do período submetido ao Direito Natural e o consequente surgimento do modelo de conformação estatal, aparecem com ele a segmentação entre o público e o privado e entre nacionais e estrangeiros. Sendo o território questão de interesse nacional, toca a cada Estado soberano decidir sobre como tratar a aquisição de imóveis por estrangeiros. Embora seja relevante uma análise comparativa sobre a condução do tema em outros países, a temática será desenvolvida sob a perspectiva do Direito brasileiro. Trata-se de tema que, de forma inerente, envolve Direito Privado e Direito Público. Afinal, a propriedade encontra respaldo tanto na Constituição Federal quanto no Código Civil, o que demanda uma análise da Constitucionalização do Direito (Privado), logo, do movimento dicotômico vislumbrado entre estas ramificações do Direito ao longo do tempo. Em uma sociedade transnacional de complexidade extrema, como a hoje experimentada, verificam-se significativas mudanças na concepção de ser humano, enquanto indivíduo, enquanto integrante da sociedade e enquanto partícipe da figura do Estado. Nesse cenário, aparece o específico e conturbado tratamento dado à pessoa jurídica brasileira equiparada a estrangeira, no tocante à imposição das restrições. A sua viabilidade passa pela inarredável leitura hermenêutica da influência da garantia fundamental da função social da propriedade, pautada no fundamento da dignidade da pessoa humana, na nova visão de propriedade inaugurada no século XXI. Ao pretender sejam impostas às pessoas jurídicas brasileiras as restrições típicas de aquisição de imóvel rural por estrangeiros, uma série de medidas precisam ser planejadas e implementadas. / With the outcome of the period referred to the Natural Law and the consequent emergence of the state conformation model, appear with him the segmentation between the public and private and between nationals and foreigners. Being the territory issue of national interest, touches every sovereign state to decide how to treat the acquisition of real estate by foreigners. Although relevant a comparative analysis on the driving theme in other countries, the theme will be developed from the perspective of Brazilian law. It is a topic that inherently involves private law and public law. After all, the property is supported by both the Federal Constitution and the Civil Code, which requires an analysis of the Constitutionalization of (Private) Law, so thus dichotomous glimpsed movement between these branches of the law over time. In a transnational society of extreme complexity, as experienced today, are reported to be significant changes in the conception of human being as an individual, as a member of society and as a participant in the figure of the State. In this scenario, appears the particular and troubled treatment given to Brazilian entity treated as foreign, concerning the imposition of restrictions. Its viability passes by the unmoved hermeneutic reading of the influence of the fundamental guarantee of the social function of property, based on the grounding of the dignity of the human person, in the new view of property opened in the XXI century. When you want the typical restrictions acquisition of rural property by foreigners are imposed on the Brazilian legal entities, a number of measures need to be planned and implemented.

Le salarié était destiné à devenir un citoyen dans l’entreprise. Titulaire de droits fondamentaux opposables aux pouvoirs étatiques dans la cité, il semblait normal qu’il puisse aussi les exercer devant la puissance patronale. Ces garanties sont en effet intrinsèques à tout être humain, universelles et inaliénables. Sous l’effet hiérarchique des instruments prééminents qui les consacrent, les droits et libertés se sont introduits au sein de la relation d’emploi. La nullité des normes du droit du travail qui sont incompatibles sera déclarée. La hiérarchisation des sources en droit du travail le réclame. Ces droits et libertés sont formulés en termes généraux et abstraits, ce qui augure mal de leur usage immédiat dans le monde du travail. L’activité interprétative du juge apparaît indispensable. Dans sa quête du sens des libertés dans le travail, la méthode contextuelle qu’il privilégie débouche sur une aporie. Elle l’incite à prendre en considération l’ensemble du contexte normatif de la relation d’emploi. Les sources propres au droit du travail dictent ainsi le contenu des droits de la personne et posent des conditions à leur exercice en milieu de travail. Elles justifient également de nombreuses restrictions, voire suppressions, apportées par l’employeur. Les mutations subies par la liberté d’expression et le droit à la vie privée des salariés confirment l’effet réducteur de la relation d’emploi sur les protections offertes par la Charte québécoise. Cette façon de juger renverse la pyramide des normes juridiques. Le noyau intangible de ces garanties est affaibli, car les libertés du travailleur ne possèdent plus la même signification que celles des autres citoyens. Des violations se multiplient sous le regard complice du juge, du fait que les intérêts purement privés de l’entreprise, axés sur la productivité et le profit, reçoivent une légitimité avérée. Le rapport de force et les pouvoirs de la figure patronale se fortifient par l’entremise du contentieux des droits fondamentaux en emploi. Le contrôle exercé par l’autorité patronale s’étend parfois jusque dans la vie personnelle du travailleur et compromet la jouissance des libertés hors du travail. Salarié dans l’entreprise, l’individu le demeure désormais dans la cité. S’impose alors la recherche d’un cadre d’analyse plus respectueux de la cohérence du système juridique et favorisant l’épanouissement des droits et libertés du travailleur. Les statuts de salarié et de personne humaine pourront enfin être réconciliés. / Citizenship in the workplace was destined to become a reality. As a holder of fundamental rights against state powers in society, it seemed normal that the employee could also oppose them to employers’ powers, as these guarantees are inherent to all human beings, universal and inalienable. Statutes granting a preponderance to human rights and freedoms have definitively contributed to their introduction into the employment relationship. Therefore, provisions of labour legislation or workplace rules that are inconsistent with human rights will be declared null and void. The hierarchy of sources of labour law requires it. Rights and freedoms are stated in abstract and general terms, which makes it difficult to apply them instantly in the labour sphere. Judicial interpretation appears necessary to clarify what individual freedoms mean in the workplace. However, a contextual interpretation leads to aporia. This approach encourages the decision-maker to consider the whole normative context of the employment relationship. Specific sources of labour law dictate the content of human rights and set conditions to their exercise by the salaried person. They also justify many restrictions, or even deletions, imposed by the employer. The significant changes in the scope of workers’ freedom of speech and right to privacy confirm that the employment relationship has a reductive effect on the protections offered by the Quebec Charter. This kind of reasoning inverts the hierarchical structure of the legal system. The core of human rights and freedoms is weakened. It no longer has the same meaning for workers as for other citizens. Moreover, the unchallenged legitimacy of business interests, motivated by the increase of productivity and profit, multiplies violations of the workers’ fundamental rights. The employer’s prerogatives and management rights are strengthened through the human rights case law in the field of employment. In some instances, the employer’s control can extend into the employee’s personal life and thus compromise the enjoyment of freedom beyond work. The employee status now follows the individual into his civil life. The search for an analytical framework that is more respectful of the coherence of the legal system and which fully ensures the protection and the development of human rights and freedoms at work is essential. The status of worker and of human being will finally be reconciled.